The aim of this thesis is to explore the cultural background of Matthew’s dream narratives and in particular to try and establish whether the literary practice underlying them is closer to that of OT or Graeco-Roman literature. This will be done by looking at the ways in which the dreams were remembered and transmitted, analysing the text in search of “memory patterns”, devices used in oral and semi-literate societies with the aim of helping people remember a poem or a narrative. Many of these techniques use sound (e.g. alliteration, assonance and rhythm), but some engage with the structure of the material; occasionally an image might be applied to aid memory. Thereafter dream reports from a variety of other ancient sources will be analysed to reveal the memory patterns which underlie them. Subsequently the results will be compared, with attention focused on the few devices which are culturally specific and elsewhere noting the frequency with which devices are used as authors typically express themselves. The outcome will be to identify the cultural background within which the Matthean dream narratives emerge. The thesis will take the following shape. After an introductory chapter, there will be the literature review, followed by a chapter on methodology. The method used in the analysis of dream narratives is new and will provide a novel interpretive approach to this section of Matthew. Chapters on memory, orality and rhetoric, Matthew, and a comparison of his text with dream narratives in other literature will follow. Finally there will be a conclusion. In this thesis I argue that the Matthean narratives have greater affinity to Jewish material and OT in particular than to Graeco-Roman literature. The data gathered in the course of research also allows for other comparisons. Of particular interest are comparisons between the writers of OT and those of Hellenistic background and between Josephus and both the groups just mentioned. Several contributions are made to scholarship. Arguably the greatest of these is the methodology employed in the thesis. I also introduce the concept of ‘translation distortion’, which affects memory where an account of the past is originally expressed in a different language. I introduce comparison of Matthew’s use of oral sources with similar use in Herodotus and Pausanias, the latter living in the second century CE and his work rarely applied to NT studies.

Para Augusto COMTE, a História fornece vínculos explicativos decisivos e sustenta um projeto de futuro relacionado à evolução continuada da humanidade. Este filósofo realizou uma leitura original e abrangente da História da humanidade, com relações causais entre os diferentes estágios, o que significa a atribuição de valores às diferentes etapas e culturas, entre as quais, com grande destaque, as culturas da antigüidade. Neste estudo da vinculação histórica em COMTE, privilegiou-se a percepção do clássico greco-romano, uma referência muito importante no contexto histórico em que COMTE viveu, demonstrando quais as imagens produzidas e funções atribuídas a este momento da História, dentro dos escopos da doutrina positivista. / This paper intends to realize how did Auguste COMTE detached from his tenets the several demands of historical meanings necessary to his explanation of the present to his projects for the humankind. It is clear on the work of this philosopher his major concerning about History, provider of elucidative and ultimate bonds, and sustaining of a future project related to continuous evolution. COMTE fulfilled an original and exhibited interpretation of the Humanity History, with casual relationships among distinct levels, what means attribution of value to different stages and cultures, among which, vividly, to ancient cultures. To make viable this work about historical bounding in COMTE, the Greek-Roman perception of the classic was privileged, establishing which images and functions this historical stage had, in the design of the positivistic doctrine.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ziegler_v_me_assis.pdf: 433623 bytes, checksum: d3fc6d9b34c43d9148fe53bee8f35cad (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Pelas constantes generalizações tecidas sobre todo o corpus de Plutarco, que foi superficialmente caracterizado como um projeto basicamente moral, o objetivo desse trabalho visa fortalecer a idéia de que o autor grego enxergava a atividade política como essencial na vida de um homem. Assim, a paideia e a filosofia eram mediadoras de uma ética que orientava o comportamento e as ações do governante, lapidando sua natureza e dando-lhe condições de refrear seus instintos e suas paixões. O governante, que mais recebesse educação e fosse doutrinado pela filosofia teria mais condições de dirigir com justiça e prudência a comunidade de cidadãos. Esse era o tipo de governante que Plutarco julgava ideal: bem educado, virtuoso e sábio como um filósofo, tal como Platão o pensou, e a imagem que mais se aproximava desse ideal era a de Alexandre, o grande. / For the constants generalizations maked over all Plutarch's corpus, which was superficially described as basically a moral project, the aim of this work claim fortify the thought which the greek writer view the policy activity as essential in the man's life. Thus, paideia and philosophy mediated a ethics which conducting the ruler's actions and behavior, refining your nature, as well as your instinct and passions. The ruler which earned more education and philosophy will be conditions to guide the citizens' comunity with justice and prudence. This was kind of ruler which Plutarch judged as ideal: educated, virtuous and wise like a philosopher, such as Plato thinked, and the image which more approached of this model was Alexander the Great.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-12T01:03:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000476702-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 850858 bytes, checksum: 2dea0414a021ac0c2425f3dc6bfce76a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This study aims to present John Greco’s agent reliabilism. Acknowledging the difficulties faced by Goldman’s process reliabilism when it makes reliability the locus of justification, Greco attempts to fix this theory by ficusing on agent’s reliability rather than on reliability of the belief-forming processes, faculties, or dispositions they employ. In order to do so, Greco explores an “intellectual virtue” notion introduced in contemporary epistemology by Renest Sosa in his article “The Raft and the Pyramid”. This criterion proposed by Greco, besides being externalist, admits intuitions that are cherished by internalists and includes, therefore, responsibilist view of virtue – therefore making it a weak externalist theory. However, while Greco tries to rescue the process reliabilism theory from its problems, the agent reliabilism criterion doesn’t seem not to be free from criticism. Our purpose is twofold: first, to understand Greco’s initial motivation to propose such a criterion instead of following process reliabilism’s directions; and secondly, to understand how agent reliabilism tries to satisfy intuitions that are important to internalism. / Este trabalho se propõe a apresentar o confiabilismo do agente (agent reliabilism) proposto por John Greco. Vendo as dificuldades enfrentadas pela teoria do confiabilismo processual por fazer da confiabilidade do processo formador de crença o lugar da justificação, Greco tenta remediar esta teoria, avaliando a confiabilidade de agentes ao invés de avaliar a confiabilidade dos processos, faculdades ou disposições que eles empregam. Com este objetivo, Greco explora a noção de “virtude intelectual” introduzida na epistemologia contemporânea por Ernest Sosa, em seu artigo “The Raft and the Pyramid”. Este critério proposto por Greco, além de ser externalista, acolhe intuições que são caras ao internalismo e contempla, portanto, o ponto de vista do responsabilismo da virtude – tornando-se por esta razão um critério de caráter externalista fraco. No entanto, embora ele tente resgatar a teoria do confiabilismo processual de seus impasses, o critério do confiabilismo do agente não parece estar livre de críticas. Procuraremos entender a motivação inicial de Greco ao propor um critério deste tipo em vez de seguir na direção da teoria do confiabilismo processual, e também entender como o confiabilismo do agente tenta contemplar intuições que são importantes ao internalismo.

Além de Roma, nenhuma cidade no Alto Império Romano foi mais analisada, caracterizada e criticada a partir de perspectivas externas do que Alexandria no Egito. As imagens produzidas pela literatura ajudaram a elaborar a representação da cidade que a historiografia contemporânea perpetuou: uma cidade enorme, linda, rica, turbulenta e polêmica. O objetivo desta tese de doutorado é discutir as diversas representações sobre Alexandria, reforçadas e divulgadas por autores antigos entre o século I a.C. e III d.C.. Acreditamos que tais representações, associadas à grandeza e prosperidade de Alexandria que a assemelhavam à capital do Império, ilustram uma percepção da cidade como um espelho de Roma e, também, uma ameaça à sua hegemonia. Todas as ênfases nas qualidades e realizações de Alexandria por um lado, e nos seus problemas e tendência à rebelião, por outro, não eram inocentes e são indicativas de uma mentalidade que vislumbrava a cidade como um local que demandava a atenção contínua por parte dos representantes do poder romano. A intenção desta pesquisa é analisar os motivos que geraram essa dualidade nas narrativas, por meio do mapeamento das temáticas e contextos mais tratados pela tradição clássica. / Apart from Rome, no city in the early Roman Empire was more analyzed, characterized and criticized by external perspectives than Alexandria in Egypt. The images produced by the literature helped create the representation of the city that the contemporary historiography has perpetuated: an enormous, beautiful, rich, turbulent and polemic city. The aim of this doctorate thesis is to discuss the several representations about Alexandria reinforced and divulged by ancient authors between the first century BC and third century AD. We believe that theses representations associated to Alexandrias greatness and prosperity that made it similar to the capital of the Empire illustrate a perception of the city as a mirror to Rome and a threat to its hegemony. All the emphasis on Alexandrias qualities and achievements on the one hand, and on its problems and rebellious tendency on the other, were not innocent, and indicate a mentality that understood the city as a place that demanded continuous attention by the representatives of Roman power. The objective of this research is to analyze the reasons that led to this duality in the narratives by means of listing the themes and contexts mostly dealt with by the classical tradition.

The thesis deals with the problematic around the fight against corruption in Europe. Specifically it focuses on two organizations: OLAF and GRECO. The aim of this thesis is to determine how intensively these two organizations have contributed in the fight against corruption in Europe. Historical description, analysis of institutional settings and comparative analysis were used as methods for the solution. The sub-questions, which focused on the organizational structure, the opportunity to influence the investigation, the possibility of setting up anti-corruption policies in Europe and the opportunity to influence the legislation in its Member States, helped to answer the main question. Carrying out this comparison, it was found that although OLAF can conduct its own investigation of financial fraud, it has not got the ability to set up anti-corruption policies in Europe, neither has it got the possibility to influence the legislation in its Member States. In contrast, GRECO does not investigate financial fraud, but it may, to some degree, have influence on setting up the anti-corruption policies in Europe. GRECO also has the power to influence the legislation of its Member States. The conclusion of this work delivers a report on the status and capability to fight against corruption in Europe (from an EU and European Council perspective). It also provides material about the work of OLAF and GRECO in the Czech language.

The full text will be made available at the end of the embargo period.

This thesis focuses on Paul’s view on freedom for believers in the context ofslavery. Paul’s understanding comes through in his metaphorical usage of slavelanguage in 1 Cor 7:20-24. In this thesis, a comparison between the teaching ofPaul and that of the Stoics Seneca, Musonius, and Epictetus will support myinterpretation of Paul’s opinion regarding slavery and freedom. I first explore howPaul and the three Stoics advocate for their understanding of freedom for slaves,and then I compare Paul’s theological interpretation with the moral values of thethree Stoics. There is no doubt that Paul, Seneca, Musonius and Epictetus wereaware of the cruel physical judgments and hardships, which slaves suffered in thecontext of slavery. Though neither Paul nor the three Stoics expressed an intentionto terminate the existing hierarchical social structure and slavery system, they alsodid not ignore the physical judgments and hardships placed upon slaves. Theteachings of Paul, Seneca, Musonius and Epictetus testify that they had a commonwill to end, or at least reduce, the exploitation and dehumanization of slaves. Theircommon interest is to promote the possibility of freedom, equal fairness and kindlytreatments for slaves. Both groups preferred freedom and dignity for human beingsby ignoring the social standards and social identification of the Roman society.However, they emphasized inner freedom rather than the social freedom of the slaves.Aim of thesis: To compare Paul’s attitude to slavery and his metaphoricallanguage of slavery and freedom with that of the Stoic philosophers, Seneca,Epictetus, and Musonius.

Previous researchers of Jewish history in the Roman Empire have imperfectly employed Greco-Roman sources to describe Roman perceptions of Jews and Judaism by relying on a handful of Greek and Latin written and visual components without attempting to quantify or comprehensively explore this abundant material. Utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, this dissertation analyzes the vast array of Greco-Roman written and visual sources about Jews and Judaism from the first century BCE to the end of the third century CE. While qualitative reviews of Greek and Latin texts help eliminate potential inconsistencies in the data, computational tools like text-mining analysis quantify the information into calculable results. The addition of visual source material into the framework helps further refine the quantified textual material. Reviews of this data reveal the general traits imperial leaders within the Roman Empire knew about the geography and history of Judaea, Jewish religious beliefs and cultural practices, and Jewish communities in general. Further reviews of the data note regional and, more importantly, temporal variations connecting them to changes both in imperial rule and Judaism. This process presents a more detailed and coherent conception of Roman knowledge of Jews and Judaism than scholars have previously recognized. In addition to highlighting imperial knowledge, this dissertation also demonstrates how Roman authorities drew on this information while ruling over Jewish communities. From this analysis, it is clear Roman imperial authorities formed a complex knowledge of ethnic and religious communities like Jews and applied this information to their rule over these populations.