Bakgrund: Audiologisk rehabilitering definieras som interventioner i form av instruktion, counseling, hörapparatutprovning och kommunikationsträning vilka används för att minska hörselnedsättningens påverkan på individens funktion, aktivitet, medverkan och livskvalitet. Audiologisk rehabilitering kan utföras såväl individuellt som i grupp. Grupprehabilitering kan vara kostnadseffektivt. Frågan är om audiologisk grupprehabilitering har några positiva effekter och om detta format kan anses likvärdigt med individuell rehabilitering. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva audiologisk grupprehabilitering och dess eventuella effekter. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes. Resultat: Litteraturen pekar på att audiologisk grupprehabilitering är kostnadseffektiv och bidrar med vissa positiva psykosociala effekter för individen och dennes anhöriga. Det har framkommit att det är positivt för individen att träffa andra i en liknande situation. Detta arbete har inte kunnat visa på något entydigt samband mellan de positiva effekterna och rehabiliteringens utförande. Slutsatser: Audiologisk grupprehabilitering kan, med stöd i vetenskaplig litteratur, erbjudas till patienter då denna håller samma kvalitet som individuell och medför vissa positiva psykosociala aspekter för patienten och dennes anhöriga samt är kostnadseffektiv.

The current study examined stereotype threat or lift (STL) in terms of various elements of social identity theory. STL occurs when a negative stereotype (or positive stereotype) about a group leads to a decrease (or increase) in performance on a task that the group identifies with. The primary focus was the relationship between STL and identifiability, whereby identifiability refers to whether one views one‟s self as an individual or as an anonymous part of a social group. The study examined STL in relation to humanities and science students‟ ability to recognise patterns using two short forms of the Raven‟s Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) which was developed. The students completed matrices under two conditions; anonymity and visibility to an audience (in-group, out-group and experimenter). When visible, participants performed significantly better than when anonymous, regardless of the STL condition. When examining in-group identification, participants with high in-group identification experienced traditional STL effects while participants with low in-group identification experienced a reversal in effects. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.

No description available.

Cette étude a pour objectif de comprendre les modalités et conditions du succès pratique d’une intervention auprès d’hommes auteurs de violence contre des femmes, dans la perspective de la promotion de l’équité de genre. MÉTHODE. Le processus de travail étudié est développé, au Brésil, par trois professionnels, hommes, qui organisent um groupe réflexif pour hommes interpellés pour infraction à la loi Maria da Penha. La recherche, qualitative, a été menée selon la méthode ethnographique, combinant observation participante, entretiens semi-directifs avec les trois organisateurs, et analyse de documents. Les résultats ont été analysés par contraste avec un cadre théorique articulant, entre autres, le ccadre de la vulnérabilité et des droits humains en santé, le concept de masculinité hégémonique, la perspective féministe du care, et l’abordage psychodynamique du travail. RÉSULTATS. Les résultats et leur discussion sont organisés en quatre axes. Premièrement, nous décrivons la manière dont le contexte social impacte le processus de travail, confrontant les professionnels à diverses demandes et obstacles. Deuxièmement, nous identifions et analysons trois formes de succès pratique rencontrées par les professionnels dans le cadre de leur travail en dialogue avec les hommes abordés. Troisièmement, nous analysons la dimension intersubjective du travail, afin de comprendre les difficultés inhérentes à la relation interpersonnelle entre les facilitateurs et les participants du groupe, et les stratégies mises en place pour y faire face. Enfin, nous présentons à partir des résultats de cette étude des suggestions pour penser la contribution spécifique de la santé dans la prévention de la violence envers les femmes et la promotion de l’équité de genre. CONCLUSION. Deux tendances contradictoires marquent la relation des professionnels étudiés à leur travail. D’un côté, leur sensibilisation préalable aux points de vue des femmes les conduit à se positionner comme alliés des mouvements féministes. Mobilisant leur propre socialisation masculine au service de la prévention de la violence contre les femmes, ils cherchent à dialoguer avec des hommes auteurs de violence. D’un autre côté, ce travail au cœur des « jeux de langage » typiques de la socialisation masculine exige une indifférence sélective aux points de vue des femmes, en particulier quand ils contredisent les projets de félicité masculins : ce clivage é nécessaire pour maintenir l’empathie avec les hommes, essentielle au succès du dialogue. Paradoxalement, cela produit une perte d’empathie des professionnels envers les femmes, qui contredit le sens politique – proféministe – de leur travail. Ainsi, par rapport au dialogue avec les hommes auteurs de violence contre des femmes, le proféminisme se présente simultanément comme un prérequis et comme un obstacle ou fardeau. Bien qu’ils ne se débarrassent jamais du paradoxe, les professionnels étudiés parviennent à le résoudre dans la pratique, atteignant ainsi des formes spécifiques de succès. Les stratégies qu’ils développent à cette fin peuvent inspirer de nouvelles pratiques auprès des auteurs de violence contre des femmes dans les services de santé. / This study aims to investigate the modalities and conditions of practical success in an intervention with male perpetrators of violence against women, within the perspective of gender equity promotion. METHODS. We study the work of three male professionals, who organize a reflexive group for sued male perpetrators. Following a qualitative approach, the ethnographic method was employed, combining participant observation, in-depth interviewing with the three facilitators, and document analysis. Results were analysed by contrast with a theoretical reference frame which articulated the frame of vulnerability and human rights in health, the concept of hegemonic masculinity, the feminist perspective on care, and psychodynamic approach of work. RESULTS. The results and its discussion were organized according to four axes of analysis: first, we analyze the social context and its impacts on the work process (opportunities and challenges); second, we describe and discuss forms of practical success identified within the professionals’ work; third, we focus on the subjective dimension of this work, analyzing problems encountered by the researcher and the group facilitators in interpersonal relationships with the group participants, and coping strategies developed by the facilitators; and finally, we expand the discussion of the results to understand possible contributions of health policies to the prevention of violence against women and the promotion of gender equity. CONCLUSION. Two contradictory tendencies pervade the relationship of these professionals to their work. On one side, their raised awareness of women’s viewpoints leads to their engagement as allies to feminist movements. They seek to dialogue with male perpetrators, putting their own masculine socialization at the service of the prevention of violence against women; yet on the other side, this work within masculine socialization’s typical “language games” demands a selective indifference to women’s viewpoints, especially when they don’t match male felicity projects: this cleavage is requested to maintain the empathy towards men requested to achieve successful dialogue. Paradoxically, this results in a loss of the professionals’ empathy towards women, which contradicts the (profeminist) political meaning of their work. Thus, regarding dialogue with male perpetrators of violence against women, profeminism stands simultaneously as a pre-requisite and a cumber. Although they never get rid of this paradox, the studied workers find solutions to it through their practice, hence achieving specific forms of success. The strategies developed for this purpose can inspire new care practices aimed at male perpetrators of violence against women within health services.

Orientador: Rita de Cássia Ietto Montilha / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T22:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros_CamilaFernandesde_M.pdf: 1795509 bytes, checksum: e10d2e53c1eea1eaf333742e5cce793b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A maioria dos cuidadores de pessoas com deficiência ainda permanece sem suporte e por isso precisam ser incluídas no planejamento e execução do cuidado dentro da instituição. A presente pesquisa objetivou caracterizar cuidadores de pessoas com deficiência atendidas em instituição filantrópica, conhecer suas percepções acerca do impacto da deficiência em suas vidas para assim elaborar e aplicar uma intervenção para estes mesmos cuidadores e, posteriormente, verificar suas opiniões a respeito do que foi realizado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação de abordagem qualitativa realizada com 8 cuidadores, todas mães, em uma instituição filantrópica da cidade de Pedralva/MG. Os sujeitos participaram inicialmente de uma entrevista aberta individual, em seguida de uma proposta de intervenção grupal composta de 16 encontros semanais e finalmente realizou-se uma nova entrevista aberta individual. A intervenção, elaborada com base nas entrevistas com os cuidadores, constituiu-se de oficinas de artesanato (pintura em madeira e confecção de tapetes) e encontros com 3 profissionais convidados: psicóloga, terapeuta ocupacional e assistente social. Observou-se, por meio dos resultados obtidos, que os cuidadores apresentam uma rotina sobrecarregada, isolamento social e carência de apoio e segurança em suas funções com seus filhos, características estas que convergem com a revisão da literatura. Além disso, os cuidadores se mostraram muito interessados e satisfeitos com as atividades desenvolvidas durante a intervenção, o que confirma a sua importância quando elaborada de acordo com as próprias necessidades dos cuidadores. Foi possível concluir que a presente pesquisa contribuiu para a melhoria das condições dos cuidadores, uma vez que ela possibilitou a troca de experiências, reestruturação de suas rotinas sobrecarregadas, novos aprendizados e mudanças positivas em suas vidas e na vida de seus filhos. Estes resultados apontam também, para a necessidade de estabelecer espaço de acolhimento e atendimento contextualizado, ou seja, de acordo com suas necessidades e expectativas, para cuidadores de pessoas com deficiência nas instituições onde estas são atendidas / Abstract: Most caregivers of disabled persons still remain unsupported and therefore in need of being included in care's planning and implementation within the institution. This study aimed to characterize caregivers of disabled persons cared by philanthropic institutions, learn about their perceptions over the impact of disability on their lives in order to develop and apply an intervention into these same caregivers and then verify their opinions about what was accomplished. This is an action-research of qualitative approach study with 8 caregivers, all mothers, in a philanthropic association in the city of Pedralva MG. The subjects initially participated in an open individual interview, followed by a collective intervention proposal composed by 16 weekly meetings and finally new individual open interviews were carried out. The intervention, based on interviews with the caregivers, consisted of handicraft workshops (wood painting and weaving carpets) and meetings with three visiting professionals: psychologist, occupational therapist and social worker. It was observed through the results, the overloaded routine, social isolation and lack of support and security that caregivers had in their roles with their children, characteristics that converge with the literature review. In addition, caregivers were very interested and pleased with the activities developed during the intervention, which confirms its importance when elaborated according to their own needs. It was feasible to conclude that this research contributed to improve the caregivers' conditions, since it allowed an exchange of experiences, the restructuring of their overburdened routine, new learning and positive changes in their lives and the lives of their children. These results also point to the need for establishing of space to host and assistance in a contextualized environment, that is to say, according to their needs and expectations, for caregivers of disabled persons in institutions where they are cared / Mestrado / Saude, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação / Mestre em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

The literature on depression is dominated by theories which focus on individualistic variables, including biological differences, personality, and individual cognition. Whilst the importance of social variables for depression risk and recovery has also been recognised, there has been a notable absence of a unifying theory explaining, how, when, and why they might impact on depression. In recent years, the Social Identity Approach (SIA) - a theoretical framework with roots in social psychology - has been used to provide a new understanding of the role of group processes in depression. The aim of this thesis was to add to a growing body of evidence in support of the SIA to depression by replicating previous findings using a sample, who on average, scored high on a measure of depression symptomology, and by identifying additional mediators of the relationship between social identity processes and depression. Specifically, it was theorised that optimism - a personality variable associated with depression, but traditionally conceptualised as a fixed trait - would vary along with group memberships and mediate the effect of social identity processes on depression. Participants who had experienced depression (N = 288) completed an online survey. It was found that in support of previous research, an increase in group involvement predicted lower depression scores. However, this relationship was mediated by increased optimism. Similarly, identifying more strongly with a specific group predicted depression indirectly through an increase in perceived social support, and increased optimism. For a sub-sample of participants with experience of psychological therapy (N = 135), the negative association between a good therapeutic alliance and depression was serially mediated by increased identification with the therapist, internalisation of the therapist identity between sessions, and increased optimism. The extent to which the therapist was perceived as prototypical of therapists in general also indirectly reduced depression via increased identification with the therapist category, and increased optimism. These findings are discussed in relation to the further development of the social identity approach to depression, with consideration of their implications for onset, maintenance and recovery.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur de mindre kommunala arbetsgrupperna samarbetar inom den kommunala omsorgen samt undersöka vilka metoder de använder sig av i sitt samarbete. I studien användes en kvalitativ metod, det genomfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer som utgick från en intervjuguide med respodenter från olika arbetsgrupper inom omsorgen. Det empiriska materialet bearbetades och olika teman utkristalliserades, underrubriker skapades. Det insamlade teoretiska materialet användes för att analysera och diskutera det empiriska materialet. Resultatet visar att arbetsgrupperna är i behov av att samarbetet fungerar och att det krävs utarbetade metoder för att samarbetet ska fungera. Resultatet visar vidare att arbetsgruppens medlemmar upplever att klimatet känslan mellan gruppmedlemmarna sättet att kommunicera utgör förutsättningen för samarbetet.

This phenomenological study explored a common essence of collective class actuation (CCA) among six seminary teachers in a Western state. CCA is an optimal learning state of a class collective. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and a focus group. Data analysis yielded themes, textural and structural descriptions, an overall essence, and a model explaining the processes of buy-in and actuation. Findings indicate that seminary teachers seek to actuate their classes by leading them toward agentic, collective buy-in. This requires management of two social environments: the internal social environment (the heart) and the external social environment. The internal social environment is comprised of a sense of collective relevancy and a sense of collective trust. If both of these collective beliefs are present, students may be more likely to buy into the purpose and activity of the class collective. The external social environment relates to classroom sociality, which can be too high (hypersocial) for learning, or too low (hyposocial) for learning. These teachers therefore describe seeking to keep their classes in the sweet zone of learning by simultaneously maintaining high engagement and high focus. Both social environments (internal and external) affect one another and influence buy-in and actuation for deep learning. Participants manage the complexities of both environments by maintaining a splendid mix of learning and enjoyment, thereby generating an optimal learning experience.

No description available.