Syftet med denna uppsats är att dels fastställa gällande rätt i fråga om tillståndsprövning för gruvverksamhet, dels utreda hur gällande rätt tillämpats vid tillståndsprövningen för gruvverksamheten i Kaunisvaara. Vid tillståndsprövningen ska miljöbalken, minerallagen samt andra relevanta lagar, förordningar och föreskrifter tillämpas. Mark- och miljödomstolen i Umeå delegerade tillståndsprövningen till Finsk-svenska gränsälvskommissionen som vid denna tid var behörig att pröva ärenden av denna karaktär under förutsättning att de var belägna inom gränsälvsområdet. Tillståndet som utfärdades av gränsälvskommissionen kom till i laga ordning men hade med fördel hade kunnat vara mer detaljrikt i fråga om villkor för verksamheten. Mer detaljerade villkor hade i högre grad kunnat innebära mindre risk för att människors hälsa eller miljön skadas samt underlättat tillsynsmyndighetens arbete. Northland Resources AB anmäldes för flera miljöbrott som följd av att de vid upprepade tillfällen brutit mot villkoren i tillståndet. Northland gick i konkurs 2014 och 2018 startade en ny aktör, Kaunis Iron AB, upp verksamheten. Kaunis Iron har övertagit Northlands bearbetningskoncession och bedriver verksamheten under Northlands tillstånd för miljöfarlig verksamhet. Invändningar mot detta har kommit från bland annat Naturvårdsverket som menar att verksamheten inte kan bedrivas på samma sätt som Northland, under samma tillstånd, eftersom Northlands verksamhet bröt mot det aktuella tillståndet. / This thesis surveys Swedish law governing mining operations in Sweden and then examines the application of Swedish law specifically to the mining industry in Kaunisvaara, Sweden. The standard procedure is for the Land and Environmental Court to review mining permits, but other legally and duly qualified government and non-government organisations may also be granted this authority. Such was the case in Kaunisvaara when in 2010 the Finnish-Swedish Border River Commission, a legally qualified non-government organisation, reviewed and granted a mining permit to Northland Resources AB. The permit did not contain detailed conditions on how the operations should be conducted in order to avoid environmental damage. In 2014 the County Administrative Board of Norrbotten (within whose jurisdictions Kaunisvaara lies) filed several police reports against Northland Resources for environmental infractions claiming that the company failed to abide by the conditions of their mining permit. Shortly thereafter Northland Resources declared bankrupcy. In 2018 a new mining company, Kaunis Iron AB, obtained mineral rights to the same mine in Kaunisvaara formerly operated by Northland Resources with the intent of conducting mining operations in the same manner as the previous owner and operating under the original permit granted to Northland Resoures. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency petitioned the Land and Environmental Court for a partial withdrawal of the original mining permit arguing that Northland Resources violated the original terms of the permit and that Kaunis Iron AB, by conducting mining operations in the same manner, would be similarily violating the terms of original permit.

Gruvrätten går långt tillbaka och har påverkat den enskilda äganderätten under lång tid. I detta arbete problematiseras och diskuteras skärningspunkten mellan det enskilda och det allmänna intresset genom dagens reglering med utgångspunkt i gruvrättens historia, minerallagens undersökningstillstånd, allemansrätten och egendomsskyddet i EKMR och regeringsformen. / Mining law in Sweden has a long history that has influenced private property rights over many centuries. In this thesis the relationship between the governments interest versus the interest for the privat property owner is discussed and issues lifted. This is done through the current legislation of exploration permits in the mining law, the ‘allemansrätt’ and the right to protection of property in ECHR and ‘regeringsformen’.

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The purpose of this essay is to examine and explain how the Swedish mining court of Stora Kopparberget (the Great Copper Mountain) implemented its judicial legislation between 1641-1682. Questions are asked about which counts of indictments the court tried, which sentences they handed out, in what quantities and how these results looks in comparison with other contemporary courts. The index cards of the court judicial protocols are the primary source of information. The methods are those of quantity- and comparative analysis.The results show that theft of copper ore was the most common crime ransacked by the court. Other common crimes were (in order): sin of omission, transgression of work directions, fights, slander and disdain, trade of stolen ore, failing appearance in court etc.Fines were by far the most common sentence followed by shorter imprisonments, gauntlets, loss of right to mine possession, twig beating, loss of work, penal servitude, banishment, “wooden horse riding” and finally military transcription. Even though previous re-search, in the field of Swedish specialized courts, is almost non existent evidence confirms great similarities between the Stora Kopparberget mining court and Sala mining court. This essay will, hopefully, enrich our knowledge of specialized courts, of 17th century mining industry and society and let us reach a broader understanding of the working conditions of the mountain.