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This dissertation examines how relatives of gun-violence victims, specifically Black women, move about their environments in the aftermath of sudden and tragic loss. I explore the following research questions: 1) How do Black women, who are co-victims of gun homicide, navigate spaces of trauma? 2) How does the experience of trauma extend into other spaces and spatialities of their lives? 3) What are the social, political, and health implications for Black women with limited mobility who are co-victims of gun homicide? This study draws on a literature synthesis on health geographies, geotrauma, and Black Feminist Geographies, as well as auto-methods, specifically a Black Feminist auto-ethnography (BFA). BFA involves analyzing your own experiences in relation to others in their family and community. My autoethnography of my lived experiences in the neighborhood I grew up in started with the observation of my mother in the aftermath of losing my brother to gun violence in 2012. My dissertation develops a research agenda to theorize how racism, poverty, and trauma compound and how Black women craft survival strategies as they navigate landscapes of trauma. I describe the ways that conventional approaches to understanding gun violence can overlook the layers of trauma and fail to capture the nuances or lived experience of being a co-victim of gun violence. I propose BFA to center and understand the lived experience of co-victims of gun violence and to bear witness to the ways we engage with the world around us while processing the trauma that is carried with us. My autoethnography uncovers key strategies my mother and I used to cope with our loss, especially in the face of institutional failures from the policy. This research points towards a need for better mental health resources for co-victims of gun violence as they process their grief. / Geography

Gun violence has increased significantly in Sweden in the past years. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate whether the number of shootings has an impact on the residents' sense of perceived security in Sweden's metropolitan areas, with the control variables of the socio-demographic characteristics gender, age and education level. Previous research has investigated the relationship between perceived security and general crime, where the results show higher insecurity in relation to crime. In addition, individuals living in a socially vulnerable area characterized by low informal control experience higher insecurity than those who do not live in these areas. The study is based on the theories of social disorganization theory and the theory of ontological security. A multiple regression analysis was used where the data consisted of statistics on the number of shootings in Sweden and data from the Samhälle, Opinion and Media (SOM) survey from the year 2021. The result showed, in the full model, that there is an association between the number of shootings and perceived security, when shootings increase, so does insecurity. Regarding the geographical classification, residents in the metropolitan areas showed lower perceived insecurity in comparison to the rest of Sweden in relation to the number of shootings. Women and the low educated experienced higher insecurity than men and the highly educated respectively, while older age only had a small impact on the insecurity in relation to crime. A conclusion that can be drawn based on the study's results is that the number of shootings affects the perceived security negatively when several explanatory variables are examined together. Moreover, there are socio-demographic characteristics that affect the experience of security. Thus, future research should continue to investigate how the number of shootings can affect perceived security.

Genom den rådande digitaliseringen påverkar nyhetskonsumtionen individers vardag och syn på brottslighet. I linje med ett ökat skjutvapenvåld i samhället är rädsla för skjutningar relaterat till nyhetskonsumtion ett relevant forskningsområde. Därmed var syftet med studien att undersöka om individens rädsla för skjutningar relaterat till gängkriminalitet har ett samband med nyhetskonsumtion och om det fanns en skillnad mellan män och kvinnor i deras rädsla för skjutningar relaterat till gängkriminalitet. Tidigare studier på området visade på att kvinnor är mer rädda för brott och skjutningar än män, samt att en ökad nyhetskonsumtion leder till större rädsla för skjutningar. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning genomfördes med ett urval som bestod av 119 personer (72 kvinnor och 47 män), mellan 19 och 71 år (M=27,7, SD=9,8). Resultatet visade inte några signifikanta samband mellan nyhetskonsumtion och rädsla för skjutningarna, inte heller några signifikanta skillnader i rädsla för skjutningar mellan män och kvinnor. Det kunde urskiljas en medelvärdesskillnad där kvinnor var mer rädda än män. Sammanfattningsvis har studiens resulterat till att belysa kunskapsgapet gällande rädsla för skjutningar specifikt och dess samband till individers nyhetskonsumtion, samt den bristande forskningen om män och kvinnors rädsla för skjutningar.

Gun violence in New Orleans has grown exponentially over the years. As a society we often forget to reflect on how gun violence effects the youth in our communities. Local members of the community in New Orleans have decided to come together to form organizations that can produce better outcomes for the youth in the New Orleans area, two of those organizations being Son of A Saint and the Youth Empowerment Project. Both of these organizations have started the journey to decreasing the amount of gun violence in the city.

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Purpose This study amied to explore how police officers perceived the crime prevention efforts taken against gun violence in Sweden. Of particularly interest was to examine how certain efforts were perceived by the police officers, to be more or less effective when it comes to prevent gun violence from occurring among criminal networks. In this study, I explored which perceived effect certain efforts included under the working methods of community policing and problem-oriented policing had, as well as other efforts undertaken by law enforcement. Method Police officers who either worked in Gothenburg or Malmö city were targeted by the study. In sum, I received responses from 99 participants, in an on-line based questionnaire. The participants were selected through convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics are offered, and bivariate analyses were employed to identify officers’ perception differences of policing efficacy in vulnerable areas compared to non-vulnerable areas, and efficacy of law enforcement. Results The analyzes in the study, showed that the police officers overall perceived that the method of community policing to be crime preventive. This was especially the case for the vulnerable areas and in relation to the effort of an increased local police presence. As for the other method, problem-oriented policing, the officers particularly perceived that the effort of secret data eavesdropping to have the strongest crime prevention effect in both areas. The effort was also perceived to have more of an effect then both efforts included under community policing. As for hot spot policing, the other effort included under problem-oriented policing, the effort was overall perceived to have less of an effect among the officers. This was the cases for both areas. As for the importance to particularly prevent criminal networks possessions and sales of illegal drugs and weapons, community policing and problem-oriented policing were not perceived to be effective enough. As for the effect of the efforts undertaken by the law enforcement, a tougher approach against crime was among the police officers perceived to have the most effect. Conclusion The results of the study show that there is a continued increased need for evaluations of crime prevention efforts. The study also showed that there is an increased need that we as researchers, needs to further collaborate with the police force in order to further develop the craft of policing. / <p>2022-09-16</p>

In recent years, lethal gang-related gun violence has increased in Sweden. The aim of this study is to investigate how young adults perceive and manage risks in society. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the media's influence on young adults' awareness of risks, with focus on the increased deadly gang-related gun violence. Since gang-shootings are a relatively new risk in Sweden, there is a lack of previous research on the subject and it is therefore relevant to research further, from a risk sociology perspective. Previous research therefore contains studies that investigate other social contexts than young adults in Sweden. The study's theoretical frame of reference is based on Gidden's (1996) theory of the consequences of modernity, Beck's (2000) theory of the risk society, Douglas' (2002) "subjective immunity" and Kaspersons et al. (1988) theory about social amplification of risk. This study uses qualitative interviews to investigate unique and in-depth stories from a limited number of individuals. The result shows that individuals do not seem to be afraid of being exposed to the risk themselves but are concerned that others may be exposed to it. The results display that expert knowledge from politicians is needed, however, young adults lack full confidence in politicians. The individuals in this study are overwhelmed by the information that the media spreads about the risk. Furthermore, the individuals perceive the risks as less dangerous than they appear in the media. Young adults also felt that gang-related gun violence affected them more if they were geographically close to the events. / Under de senaste åren har det dödliga gängkriminella skjutvapenvåldet ökat i Sverige. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur unga vuxna uppfattar och hanterar risker i samhället. Syftet är även att undersöka hur media påverkar unga vuxnas medvetenhet om risker. Detta görs med fokus på ökningen av det dödliga gängkriminella skjutvapenvåldet. Eftersom gängkriminella skjutningar är en relativt ny risk i Sverige saknas det tidigare forskning om ämnet och är därför relevant att undersöka vidare utifrån ett risksociologiskt perspektiv. Tidigare forskning har därför byggts upp utifrån studier som undersöker andra sociala kontexter än unga vuxna i Sverige. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgår från Giddens (1996) teori om modernitetens följder, Becks (2000) teori om risksamhället, Douglas (2002) begrepp “subjektiv immunitet” och Kaspersons et al. (1988) teori om social förstärkning av risker. Denna studie använder kvalitativa intervjuer för att undersöka unika och djupgående berättelser från ett mindre antal individer. Resultatet visar att individer inte verkar vara rädda för att själva bli utsatta för risken, men känner en oro över att andra kan utsättas för den. Resultatet visar på att expertkunskaper från politiker behövs, men att unga vuxna saknar fullt förtroende för politiker. Individerna i denna studie känner sig överväldigade av informationen som media sprider gällande risken. Detta verkar leda till en viss avtrubbning och får individerna att uppfatta risken som mindre än den framstår i media. På liknande sätt hanterar individer detta, genom att skapa distans till situationen. De unga vuxna upplevde även att gängskjutningar påverkade dem mer vid geografisk närhet till händelser.