A tríplice hélice, um modelo de sistema de inovação para o desenvolvimento regional, tem ganhado popularidade no meio acadêmico e em instâncias governamentais, sendo amplamente utilizado como referência para o estabelecimento de políticas públicas de incentivo às atividades de CT&I. Por outro lado, críticas surgem sobre o argumento de ser um modelo genérico, descritivo e insuficiente em razão da complexidade de contextos e ambientes específicos. Parques científicos e tecnológicos, por sua vez, são reconhecidos como ambientes que possuem alta concentração de atividades que envolvem interações entre universidade, governo e empresa. Particularidades e características do contexto local e de instituições envolvidas tornam-se determinantes para origem dos parques, que se constituem de maneiras diferentes, dificultando a possibilidade de replicar modelos válidos para novos empreendimentos. O Rio Grande do Sul, considerado um dos principais polos de inovação do Brasil, possui 15 parques credenciados no Programa Gaúcho de Parques Científicos e Tecnológicos (PGTEC), responsáveis por abrigar, aproximadamente, 400 empresas e gerar cerca de 19 mil empregos. Dois de seus parques conquistaram por quatro vezes o prêmio de melhor parque científico e tecnológico do Brasil pela Anprotec, em 2004, 2009, 2010 e 2014. A presente tese teve como objetivo analisar a trajetória de constituição dos parques científicos e tecnológicos consolidados no Rio Grande do Sul à luz da tríplice hélice. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foi utilizada abordagem qualitativa de cunho interpretativo, com delineamento descritivo e exploratório. O método utilizado, estudo de caso, e estratégia de pesquisa, história oral temática, contou com entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação não participante e análise de documentos como fontes de evidência. A técnica de análise de dados utilizada foi análise de conteúdo, com categorias definidas a posteriori, com o auxílio do software QSR NVivo versão 10. Como unidades de análises foram estudados o Tecnopuc, Tecnosinos, Valetec, UPF Parque, Tecnovates e Tecnounisc, e realizadas 25 entrevistas. Os principais resultados revelam uma série de elementos, eventos, que antecederam e influenciaram a constituição dos parques e que deram origem a diferentes modelos, com características próprias. Assim como proposto pelo modelo tríplice hélice, foi possível identificar e analisar o papel desempenhado pela universidade, governo e empresa, tratadas como categorias de análise. Também foi possível evidenciar um novo elemento como determinante na constituição dos parques, representado pela categoria liderança. Lideranças políticas, empresariais e universitárias que contribuíram para o surgimento dos parques por meio de um processo de liderança. Tratada nesta tese como uma nova dimensão de análise ao modelo tríplice, a liderança é considerada resultado de movimento empírico, espontâneo e endógeno de desenvolvimento, constituído num período de 20 anos, de 1994 a 2014, dos programas governamentais Porto Alegre Tecnópole e RS Tecnópole, e que encontrou na universidade comunitária um ambiente favorável para o fomento do empreendedorismo e da inovação, capaz de criar e desenvolver as condições necessárias para a implantação e consolidação dos parques científicos e tecnológicos analisados. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-07-25T12:56:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Fernando Fantoni Bencke.pdf: 3675411 bytes, checksum: 54091b6a1a21bc1d06e2b072a384c035 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T12:56:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Fernando Fantoni Bencke.pdf: 3675411 bytes, checksum: 54091b6a1a21bc1d06e2b072a384c035 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25 / The triple helix, a model of innovation system for the regional development, has become popular in the academic community and in governmental bodies; it has being widely used as reference for establishing public policies in order to foster CT&I activities. In contrast, it has arisen much criticism regarding the argument of it being a generic, descriptive and insufficient inadequate model, due to the complexity of contexts and specific environments. Scientific and technological parks, in turn, are acknowledged as environments which hold a high concentration of activities that involve interactions among university, government and company. Peculiarities and local context characteristics of institutions involved become determiners for the origin of parks, which constitute in different manners, hindering the possibility of replicating models to new enterprises. The State of Rio Grande do Sul, which is considered one of the main poles of innovation in Brazil, has fifteen (15) parks certified by the Programa Gaúcho de Parques Científicos e Tacnológicos (PGTEC) [Gaúcho* Program of Scientific and Technological Parks], it is responsible for hosting four hundred (400) companies and generating around nineteen thousand (19,000) jobs. Two of these parks have obtained four times the prize of best scientific and technologic park by Anaprotec, in 2004, 2009, 2010 and 2014. This thesis aimed to analyze the constitution trajectory of the scientific and technological parks of Rio Grande do Sul in the perspective of the triple helix. As methodological procedure, it was used the qualitative approach with interpretative character as well as descriptive and explanatory outlining. The method used, case study, and research strategy, oral history thematic, has counted on semi-structured interviews, non-participative observation and analysis of documents as evidence source. It was used the data analysis technique to analyze the content, categories defined a posteriori, with the help with assistance of the software QSR NVivo Version 10. Tecnopuc, Tecnosinos, Valetec, UPF Parque, Tecnovates, Tecnounisc and 25 interviews were used as analysis units. The main results reveal a number of elements, events, which preceded and influenced the constitution of the parks and originated different models with particular characteristics. As suggested by the triple helix model, it was possible to analyze the role played by the university, government and company, all of them treated as analysis categories. It was also possible to identify a new element as determiner in the constitution of parks, represented by the leadership category; political, corporate and university leaderships which have contributed to the emergence of the parks through a leadership process. Treated in this thesis as a new dimension of analysis to the triple model, leadership is considered the result of empirical, spontaneous, and endogen development (constituted in a period of twenty (20) years, from 1994 to 2014) of the governmental programs of the Tecnopoles of Porto Alegre and RS. And it was also found in the university community a favorable environment for fostering entrepreneurship and innovation, capable of creating and developing the necessary conditions to the deployment and consolidation of the scientific and technological parks which were analyzed.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma avaliação do comportamento de estacas hélice contínua quanto à capacidade de carga, ao recalque e à segurança e confiabilidade, a partir de um cenário de análise em que foi considerado um banco de dados de 58 provas de carga estáticas, realizadas em estacas hélice contínua de 13 obras distintas. Esta pesquisa está focada principalmente no comportamento carga-recalque e confiabilidade de fundações em estacas hélice contínua. Nesta análise foi também verificada a aplicabilidade do método proposto por Aoki (1989) para determinação da curva carga-recalque destas provas de carga. Os valores de capacidade de carga medidos foram comparados com os previstos pelos método Aoki & Velloso (1975), o método Decourt & Quaresma (1978), o método de Cabral (1996), e o método Alonso (1996). Estes métodos também foram utilizados para previsão de transferência de carga nas estacas, necessária para a previsão da curva carga-recalque pelos método de Aoki (1989). Adicionalmente, com os resultados das provas de carga foram estimadas para cada obra a probabilidade de ruína da fundação, e de ocorrência de recalques superiores a um valor limite. / This dissertation presents an evaluation of the behavior of continuous flight auger piles on ultimate capacity, settlments, safety and reliability, from a scenario analysis in which we considered a database of 58 static load tests, performed on piles of 13 distinct sites. However, this research is focused on the loaddisplacement behavior and reliability of this type of foundation. This analysis also verified the applicability of the method proposed by Aoki (1989) to determine the load-displacement curve of these pile load tests. The values of measured pile capacity were compared with those provided by the method Aoki & Velloso (1975), the method Decourt & Quaresma (1978), the method Cabral (1996), and the method Alonso (1996). These methods were also used to predict the load transfer along the piles, necessary to predict the load-displacement curve by the method of Aoki (1989). Additionally, the results of these load tests were used to estimate the probability of failure of the foundations tested, and the occurrence of settlements exceeding a threshold value.

Submitted by Cassiane Jaroszewski (cassiane.brazil@gmail.com) on 2018-05-30T14:00:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCRJ_maio2018a.pdf: 2407404 bytes, checksum: fb577104c2622ea18c505f299487d9b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-05-30T14:02:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCRJ_maio2018a.pdf: 2407404 bytes, checksum: fb577104c2622ea18c505f299487d9b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-05-30T15:35:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCRJ_maio2018a.pdf: 2407404 bytes, checksum: fb577104c2622ea18c505f299487d9b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-30T15:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCRJ_maio2018a.pdf: 2407404 bytes, checksum: fb577104c2622ea18c505f299487d9b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-04 / Esta tese de doutoramento se propõe a discutir qual o papel do governo na formulação e implementação da política pública de inovação tecnológica e os novos formatos organizacionais criados pela interação entre universidades, empresas e governo. A partir do referencial teórico da Hélice Tríplice é possível conceber a inovação tecnológica enquanto resultado da interação entre as hélices universidade, empresa e governo. Dessa interação resultam alterações no funcionamento de cada hélice e a criação de organizações híbridas no ponto de interseção trilateral. Foram estabelecidas três categorias empíricas para compreender o papel do governo na política de inovação: 1. Capacidade do governo de constituir-se como um Espaço de Consenso, 2. Análise dos programas estaduais para interação universidade-empresa e 3. Atuação de três tipos de organizações híbridas: Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica, incubadoras e parques tecnológicos. A pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória e de estudo de caso, com as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, observações e entrevistas. As políticas de inovação de três estados foram analisadas em profundidade: Amazonas, Pernambuco e Santa Catarina. O resultado indica que os governos avançaram na inclusão da temática da inovação nas agendas estaduais enquanto tema central para o desenvolvimento econômico e social, mas que esse avanço não se reverteu em maior envolvimento dos órgãos públicos sendo uma agenda quase totalmente conduzida pelas Secretarias Estaduais de Ciência e Tecnologia e Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa. O governo age como Espaço de Consenso, tendo sua legitimidade para coordenar e implementar ações reconhecida pelos outros stakeholders afetos à temática da inovação, contudo falta clareza quanto a quais são os objetivos e setores prioritários da política. Em relação aos programas de fomento à inovação, os governos adotam estratégias de estímulo ao empreendedorismo como forma de contornar a dificuldade de interação com as empresas existentes. Já os programas para promoção de interação entre universidades e empresas esbarram em barreiras culturais e institucionais que o governo não consegue romper sem mudança de mentalidade dos representantes das outras hélices acerca da relevância dessas parcerias. / This doctoral thesis addresses the role of government in formulating and implementing technological innovation public policy, as well as new organizational formats generated from the interaction between universities, companies and government. According to the Triple Helix theory, technological innovation results from the interaction between helixes represented by universities, companies and government. This interaction causes changes to each helix’s functioning and the creation of hybrid organizations at their trilateral intersection point. Three empirical categories were established to understand the role of government in innovation policy: 1. The government's capacity to establish itself as a Space for Consensus; 2. State programs for university-company interaction; and 3. Performance of three types of hybrid organizations: technology transfer offices, incubators and science and technology parks. This is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory case study research, using techniques of bibliographic and documentation research, observation and interviews. The innovation policies of three states were the subject of in-depth analysis: Amazonas, Pernambuco and Santa Catarina. The results indicate that while these states have moved forward with including innovation in their public agenda, as key to economic and social development, these advances have not entailed greater involvement of multiple public departments, with the agenda remaining mostly in the hands of the states’ Science and Technology Departments and public Research Support Foundations. The government acts as a Space for Consensus, with its legitimacy to coordinate and implement actions recognized by other stakeholders related to innovation; there remains, however, lack of clarity as to the policy’s goals and priority sectors. In relation to innovation-promoting programs, governments adopt strategies to bolster entrepreneurship as a way of dodging the difficult interaction with existing companies. On the other hand, programs developed to promote interaction between universities and companies face cultural and institutional barriers that the government cannot surpass without a shift in mindset from representatives of other helixes as to the relevance of these partnerships.

A tríplice hélice, um modelo de sistema de inovação para o desenvolvimento regional, tem ganhado popularidade no meio acadêmico e em instâncias governamentais, sendo amplamente utilizado como referência para o estabelecimento de políticas públicas de incentivo às atividades de CT&I. Por outro lado, críticas surgem sobre o argumento de ser um modelo genérico, descritivo e insuficiente em razão da complexidade de contextos e ambientes específicos. Parques científicos e tecnológicos, por sua vez, são reconhecidos como ambientes que possuem alta concentração de atividades que envolvem interações entre universidade, governo e empresa. Particularidades e características do contexto local e de instituições envolvidas tornam-se determinantes para origem dos parques, que se constituem de maneiras diferentes, dificultando a possibilidade de replicar modelos válidos para novos empreendimentos. O Rio Grande do Sul, considerado um dos principais polos de inovação do Brasil, possui 15 parques credenciados no Programa Gaúcho de Parques Científicos e Tecnológicos (PGTEC), responsáveis por abrigar, aproximadamente, 400 empresas e gerar cerca de 19 mil empregos. Dois de seus parques conquistaram por quatro vezes o prêmio de melhor parque científico e tecnológico do Brasil pela Anprotec, em 2004, 2009, 2010 e 2014. A presente tese teve como objetivo analisar a trajetória de constituição dos parques científicos e tecnológicos consolidados no Rio Grande do Sul à luz da tríplice hélice. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foi utilizada abordagem qualitativa de cunho interpretativo, com delineamento descritivo e exploratório. O método utilizado, estudo de caso, e estratégia de pesquisa, história oral temática, contou com entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação não participante e análise de documentos como fontes de evidência. A técnica de análise de dados utilizada foi análise de conteúdo, com categorias definidas a posteriori, com o auxílio do software QSR NVivo versão 10. Como unidades de análises foram estudados o Tecnopuc, Tecnosinos, Valetec, UPF Parque, Tecnovates e Tecnounisc, e realizadas 25 entrevistas. Os principais resultados revelam uma série de elementos, eventos, que antecederam e influenciaram a constituição dos parques e que deram origem a diferentes modelos, com características próprias. Assim como proposto pelo modelo tríplice hélice, foi possível identificar e analisar o papel desempenhado pela universidade, governo e empresa, tratadas como categorias de análise. Também foi possível evidenciar um novo elemento como determinante na constituição dos parques, representado pela categoria liderança. Lideranças políticas, empresariais e universitárias que contribuíram para o surgimento dos parques por meio de um processo de liderança. Tratada nesta tese como uma nova dimensão de análise ao modelo tríplice, a liderança é considerada resultado de movimento empírico, espontâneo e endógeno de desenvolvimento, constituído num período de 20 anos, de 1994 a 2014, dos programas governamentais Porto Alegre Tecnópole e RS Tecnópole, e que encontrou na universidade comunitária um ambiente favorável para o fomento do empreendedorismo e da inovação, capaz de criar e desenvolver as condições necessárias para a implantação e consolidação dos parques científicos e tecnológicos analisados. / The triple helix, a model of innovation system for the regional development, has become popular in the academic community and in governmental bodies; it has being widely used as reference for establishing public policies in order to foster CT&I activities. In contrast, it has arisen much criticism regarding the argument of it being a generic, descriptive and insufficient inadequate model, due to the complexity of contexts and specific environments. Scientific and technological parks, in turn, are acknowledged as environments which hold a high concentration of activities that involve interactions among university, government and company. Peculiarities and local context characteristics of institutions involved become determiners for the origin of parks, which constitute in different manners, hindering the possibility of replicating models to new enterprises. The State of Rio Grande do Sul, which is considered one of the main poles of innovation in Brazil, has fifteen (15) parks certified by the Programa Gaúcho de Parques Científicos e Tacnológicos (PGTEC) [Gaúcho* Program of Scientific and Technological Parks], it is responsible for hosting four hundred (400) companies and generating around nineteen thousand (19,000) jobs. Two of these parks have obtained four times the prize of best scientific and technologic park by Anaprotec, in 2004, 2009, 2010 and 2014. This thesis aimed to analyze the constitution trajectory of the scientific and technological parks of Rio Grande do Sul in the perspective of the triple helix. As methodological procedure, it was used the qualitative approach with interpretative character as well as descriptive and explanatory outlining. The method used, case study, and research strategy, oral history thematic, has counted on semi-structured interviews, non-participative observation and analysis of documents as evidence source. It was used the data analysis technique to analyze the content, categories defined a posteriori, with the help with assistance of the software QSR NVivo Version 10. Tecnopuc, Tecnosinos, Valetec, UPF Parque, Tecnovates, Tecnounisc and 25 interviews were used as analysis units. The main results reveal a number of elements, events, which preceded and influenced the constitution of the parks and originated different models with particular characteristics. As suggested by the triple helix model, it was possible to analyze the role played by the university, government and company, all of them treated as analysis categories. It was also possible to identify a new element as determiner in the constitution of parks, represented by the leadership category; political, corporate and university leaderships which have contributed to the emergence of the parks through a leadership process. Treated in this thesis as a new dimension of analysis to the triple model, leadership is considered the result of empirical, spontaneous, and endogen development (constituted in a period of twenty (20) years, from 1994 to 2014) of the governmental programs of the Tecnopoles of Porto Alegre and RS. And it was also found in the university community a favorable environment for fostering entrepreneurship and innovation, capable of creating and developing the necessary conditions to the deployment and consolidation of the scientific and technological parks which were analyzed.

Submitted by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-10-03T19:08:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Tatiana.pdf: 3167847 bytes, checksum: 39b8b6462347fef6134d38b462a84531 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-10-04T16:22:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Tatiana.pdf: 3167847 bytes, checksum: 39b8b6462347fef6134d38b462a84531 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Tatiana.pdf: 3167847 bytes, checksum: 39b8b6462347fef6134d38b462a84531 (MD5) / CAPES / Com o propósito de ampliar o horizonte de análise da relação universidade-empresa-governo para além dos pressupostos teóricos da Hélice Tríplice, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como ocorre a governança colaborativa nesta relação. De modo a suportar os diferentes focos de análise, o referencial teórico foi composto das abordagens do New Public Management, da Universidade Empreendedora e da Tríplice Hélice no âmbito macrossociológico. Foram exploradas também as abordagens da governança pública e da governança colaborativa, com ênfase no modelo de Ansell e Gash (2008), para subsidiar a análise no nível microssociológico da relação. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso, tendo como unidade de análise a experiência da parceria para a concepção e execução do Programa de Cooperação Educacional, para a transferência de conhecimento em tecnologia naval, que envolveu o governo do Estado do Espírito Santo, uma subsidiária de Estaleiro, um Instituto Federal de Ensino e um Instituto Politécnico Internacional. Os dados relativos ao caso foram obtidos pela pesquisa documental e entrevistas. Uma vez coletados, os dados foram organizados e examinados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, cuja categorização dos dados se deu a priori e a posteriori. Como resultado das análises realizadas foi possível atestar que a governança colaborativa ocorre de maneira satisfatória, mas fragmentada por estar concentrada na alta gestão. Isso ocorreu em função do baixo reconhecimento da interdependência e do grau de confiança oscilar devido às falhas de comunicação apontadas e da não inclusão participativa dos professores acarretarem, de certa forma, o distanciamento do compromisso com o processo. Por outro lado, percebeu-se que os resultados intermediários alcançados ao longo da parceria conferiram uma maior aproximação entre os gestores do Instituto Federal de Ensino e da Subsidiária do Estaleiro, dessa forma os laços estabelecidos fortaleceram a relação de confiança e o entendimento de que os problemas identificados nesse programa estão servindo de lições para outras colaborações. / With the purpose of expanding the horizon analysis of the university-industry-government relationship on top of the theoretical assumptions of the Triple Helix, this study aimed at analyzing how collaborative governance occurs within such relationship. So as to support the different analysis focuses, its theoretical background consisted of the New Public Management (NPM) approaches, the Entrepreneurial University and the Triple Helix in its macro sociological scope. The public and collaborative governance approaches have also been explored, with an emphasis on Ansell and Gash’s model (2008), in order to subsidize the analysis in the micro sociological level of that relationship. The adopted methodology has been the case study, having as its analysis unit the experience of partnership to the conception and execution of the Educational Cooperation Program, towards the transfer of knowledge in marine technology, which involved the state government of Espírito Santo, a shipyard subsidiary, a Federal Institute of Education and an International Polytechnic Institute. The data related to this case were obtained through desk research and interviews. Once these data were collected, they were then organized and examined under the content analysis technique, whose data categorization was given a priori and a posteriori. As a result of the carried out analyses it has been possible to certify that collaborative governance occurs in a satisfactory way, however fragmented since it focused in the upper management. That occurred due to low recognition of its interdependence and to an oscillation on its confidence degree due to communication breakdowns that were pointed out and to the non-inclusion of teachers’ participation, thus causing their distancing from commitment to the process in a certain way. On the other hand, one has realized that the intermediate results reached throughout this partnership have conceded a greater approach between managers of the Federal Institute of Education and those of the shipyard subsidiary, therefore these durable links have strengthened their trust relationship and the understanding that problems identified in such program have been serving as lessons for further collaborations.

Les constructeurs aéronautiques envisagent les systèmes de propulsion à hélices contra rotatives comme une alternative aux turboréacteurs, afin de réduire la consommation de carburant et les émissions des gaz à effet de serre. En raison de l’absence de carénage, la réduction du bruit engendrée par de tels systèmes représente un enjeu majeur pour les industriels. En particulier, le bruit de raies dû à l’impact des sillages de l’hélice amont sur l’hélice aval constitue une part significative de l’émission acoustique. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a abouti à une méthode semi-analytique de prédiction de ce bruit d’interaction, intégrant de façon relativement réaliste les effets tridimensionnels des sillages de l’hélice amont et de la géométrie des pales de l’hélice aval. L’espace balayé par une pale est décomposé en tranches annulaires, déroulées pour décrire localement l’interaction en coordonnées cartésiennes. Le segment de pale obtenu est approché par un trapèze plat de forme et d’orientation quelconques. Une double stratégie est proposée pour la description du sillage. Premièrement, il peut être décrit par un modèle analytique tenant compte du vrillage et de l’expansion avec la distance au bord de fuite. Deuxièmement, il peut être post-traité à partir des calculs numériques. Ensuite, dans chaque tranche le déficit de vitesse ressenti par le segment de pale fait l’objet d’une décomposition de Fourier à deux nombres d’onde. Le calcul de la réponse aérodynamique instationnaire du segment est fait dans le domaine fréquentiel. Il étend des solutions analytiques existantes valables pour un segment rectangulaire, et prend en compte la compressibilité du fluide et la non-compacité des pales. On restitue ainsi les effets de la flèche, du vrillage et de la variation de la corde en envergure. Les fluctuations de portance induites sur les différents segments, obtenues par le calcul, sont utilisées pour construire une répartition de sources acoustiques équivalentes sur la surface réelle des pales, au sens de l’analogie acoustique. Le bruit en champ lointain est alors calculé en utilisant le formalisme de Ffowcs Williams & Hawkings, adapté au cas d’un dipôle tournant dans un écoulement uniforme. La méthodologie proposée a été implémentée dans l’outil ORION et évaluée avec des résultats numériques et des mesures en soufflerie. / Counter-rotating open rotors are seen as a possible alternative to turbofan engines for future subsonic aircraft propulsion, essentially for their higher fuel-efficiency. This technology leads to fuel saving sand to reduced green-house gas emissions. However, these benefits are balanced by some inherent draw-backs, as the increased noise radiation. Particularly, the tonal noise produced by the impingement of the wakes issuing from the front rotor onto the rear-rotor blades is recognized as a major contributor to the emitted noise. The research presented in this thesis led to a semi-analytical methodology to predict the rotor-rotor interaction tonal noise, including three-dimensional features of both rear-rotor blades and front-rotor wakes. The space is cut into annular regions, subsequently unwrapped for formulating the problem in equivalent Cartesian coordinates. Also, the obtained blade segments are assimilated as a set of flat trapezoids with arbitrary orientation, accounting for blade sweep and chord variations in the span wise direction. A double strategy is proposed for the description of front-rotor wakes. First, an analytical model is proposed in which wake direction and diffusion are deduced from the blade stagger angle and axial distance between the rotors. Secondly, a strategy for post-processing numerical wakes is presented. In both cases, the oncoming excitation is expanded in a series of sinusoidal gusts with two aerodynamic wavenumber components. Using this information the unsteady loading on the rear-rotor blades is obtained, in the frequency domain, from an extension of Amiet’s theory for gust-air foil interaction to account for air foil sweep and chord variations, flow compressibility and source non-compactness. The obtained noise source is back-projected on the blade mean-camber surface. An extended far-field formulation is then used to predict the noise. This theory is derived in detail from Ffowcs Williams &Hawkings’ formalism adapted for acoustic dipoles rotating in a uniformly moving atmosphere. The pro-posed methodology has been implemented in the tool ORION and assessed by comparing its results with numerical simulations and wind-tunnel measurements.

Dans le cadre du projet européen Clean Sky, Snecma construit un démonstrateur de Contra Rotating Open Rotor (CROR). La conception du système de régulation du moteur nécessite d'avoir connaissance du comportement aérodynamique de chacune des hélices du doublet. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont dans un premier temps de comprendre les interactions entre les différents éléments constitutifs d'un CROR ayant un effet sur les performances des hélices, d'isoler leurs contributions respectives et dans un deuxième temps de développer un modèle prédictif des performances individuelles des hélices d'un CROR intégrable dans un environnement de calcul de cycles thermodynamiques. Pour cela, le comportement des hélices en doublet est rapproché de celui d'hélices isolées dont les effets macroscopiques sont bien connus. Des calculs Euler et NS3D ont servi de base pour proposer un couplage entre les hélices isolées permettant de retrouver le champ de vitesses induits entre les hélices d'un calcul doublet. Pour respecter les exigences de rapidité d'exécution et de robustesse numérique imposées par l’environnement de calcul de cycles thermodynamiques, les performances individuelles des hélices du doublet sont calculées à partir de champs hélice isolée. Une approche monodimensionnelle permet de calculer les vitesses induites propres des hélices à partir de la traction et de la puissance absorbée et une méthode pour estimer les vitesses induites mutuelles à partir des vitesses induites propres est donnée. Le calcul des performances individuelles des hélices d'un doublet contrarotatif est itératif. Cette méthode estime les performances avec une erreur relative inférieure à 5%. Elle est utilisée dans le développement du système de régulation du démonstrateur CROR SAGE2. / Within the scope of the European research project Clean Sky, Snecma builds a ground demonstrator of the concept engine Contra Rotating Open Rotor (CROR). Engine control system design requires knowing how each propeller will behave aerodynamically under the interaction of each other. The aim of this work is to design a predictive model of contra rotating propeller individual performance fitting in a thermodynamic cycle calculation environment. A coupling is proposed in order to represent the dual propellers thanks to isolated propeller behavior. It has been shown that by matching the isolated propellers thrust and torque to the doublet values, the good values of mutual induced velocities can be found. Hence contra rotating propellers individual performance can be reached with a good variation in parameters. In addition to that, in order to meet withthermodynamic cycle calculation environment requirements of rapidity and numerical robustness, performance is calculated from pre-generated propeller maps. One-dimensional approach is used to calculate mutual induced velocities from propellers thrust and torque. Contra rotating propellers individual performance calculation is an iterative process. The method developed gives the performance within a 5% relative error margin and is currently used for the design of the ground demonstrator control system.

La technologie RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) prend une place de plus en plus importante dans la société d'aujourd'hui notamment dans des domaines aussi variés que la santé, la sécurité, la logistique... Le développement de cette technologie met en évidence de nouvelles contraintes comme la réduction des zones de lecture et la géo-localisation pour le stockage et le suivi de marchandises. Dans ce contexte, la thèse s'est focalisée sur le développement d'antennes pour lecteur RFID dans le cadre du projet SPINNAKER piloté par TAGSYS RFID et soutenu par OSEO. L'objectif de cette étude est de concevoir des antennes compactes et directives à polarisation circulaire en bande UHF et SHF. L'antenne hélice présente toutes ces caractéristiques à l'exception de la hauteur, très importante dès que l'on souhaite obtenir des performances élevées surtout en gain. Dans ce manuscrit, trois solutions sont proposées pour réduire la hauteur de l'antenne hélice tout en répondant aux cahiers des charges. La première solution consiste à utiliser un réflecteur de forme cylindrique ou conique qui permet de réduire la hauteur d'une antenne hélice classique d'un facteur quatre pour atteindre 0,9λ. La réduction de la hauteur se traduit par une augmentation de la surface autour de l'antenne avec une dimension latérale de 2,3λ. La seconde solution consiste à utiliser l'antenne hélice avec une cavité Fabry-pérot. La hauteur du système antennaire obtenue est de 0,5λ avec un diamètre de 2λ. La dernière solution développée dans la thèse introduit une surface CMA à la solution précédente qui permet de réduire la hauteur à 0,25λ. Toutes les solutions proposées ont été validées expérimentalement. / Over the past 20 years, the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is having a huge expansion. Nowadays, it is frequently used in different areas as the health, the security and the logistic. A lot of researches are ongoing on this topic, especially in order to reduce the reading zone of the readers and to locate the tags. This thesis focuses on the development of new antennas for Readers RFID devices and is part of the SPINNAKER project supported by OSEO. The antennas requirements are circular polarization, high directivity and gain with low profile. The helix antennas meet all these requirements except the axial length. In this manuscript, we propose three solutions to reduce the helix antenna axial length. The first one uses a cylindrical or conical optimal reflector to reduce the length by four. This reduction affects directly the surface witch increases up to 2.3λ. The second solution uses the helix antenna as a circular polarization feed for a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity. The final antenna presents a cavity height of 0.5λ and a 2λ diameter. The last solution conserves the FP cavity in which we include an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) to reduce the cavity height to 0.25λ. All these solutions are validated by measurements.

Le travail décrit dans ce manuscrit est consacré à la synthèse et à la caractérisation structurale d'une nouvelle famille de γ-amino acides hétérocycliques contraints, les ATCs (acides 4-Amino-(méthyl)-1,3-Thiazole-5-Carboxyliques). Ces monomères sont construits autour d'un noyau thiazole inséré entre les carbones Cα-Cβ permettant de limiter la valeur de l'angle dièdre ζ à 0°. La présence de deux points de substitution, sur le carbone γ asymétrique et en position 2 du noyau aromatique, autorise une large diversification structurale des ATCs. Des séries d'oligomères, i.e. dimères, tétramères et hexamères solubles dans les solvants organiques halogénés, dans les alcools et dans l'eau ont été synthétisées par couplages peptidiques. La conformation adoptée par ces séquences a été déterminée en solution par RMN 1D et 2D associées à des techniques de modélisation sous contraintes RMN. Nous avons montré que les oligomères d'ATCs s'arrangeaient en hélices 39 droites, présentant un pas de 11,8 Å. La conformation hélicoïdale est stabilisée par un réseau de liaisons hydrogène de type CO(i)…NH(i+2) s'établissant tout au long de la séquence, faisant entrer les oligomères d'ATCs dans le monde des foldamères. Des mesures de dichroïsme circulaire ont permis d'apprécier la stabilité conformationnelle des édifices et l'analyse à l'état solide par diffraction des rayons X a confirmé l'arrangement observé par RMN. Dans une seconde partie nous avons étudié le rôle structurant d'un motif ATC placé au sein d'une petite séquence peptidique. Nous montrons au travers d'expériences RMN et de calculs théoriques que la configuration du monomère d'ATC conditionne la conformation de peptides hybrides αγαα en solution. En termes d'application nous décrivons l'utilisation du motif ATC comme mime de coude pour concevoir un analogue fonctionnel de la gramicidine S, un cyclodécapeptide symétrique antibactérien. La dernière partie de ce travail concerne nos efforts pour développer, à partir des connaissances acquises quant à la structure tridimensionnelle des oligomères d'ATCs, des inhibiteurs de l'interaction protéine-protéine STAT6-NCoA-1. / The work described herein is devoted to the synthesis and the structural characterization of a new family of heterocyclic constrained γ-amino acids, named ATCs (4-Amino-(methyl)-1,3-Thiazole-5-Carboxylic acids). These building-blocks are built around a thiazole ring inserted between the Cα-Cβ carbons allowing the limitation of the ζ dihedral angle value to 0°. The presence of two diversification points both on the γ asymmetric carbon and on the position 2 of the aromatic ring, allows a large structural diversification of the ATCs. Series of oligomers consisting in dimers, tetramers and hexamers soluble in halogenated solvents, alcools and water have been synthesized according to peptide chemistry. The conformations of the sequences have been studied by various NMR experiments associated to modelling studies led under NMR constraints. The ATC oligomers adopt a right 39 helical shape, owning a pitch of 11.8 Å which has been confirmed by crystallography. The helix is stabilized by a conserved hydrogen bond pattern between CO(i)…NH(i+2) occurring all along the sequence axis. Circular dichroism measures have been done to check the conformational stability of the architectures. In the second part of the manuscript, we demonstrate by NMR and theoretical computing that when included in a short peptide sequence, ATCs could act as turns. The derived application consists in optimizing the biological behaviour of the ATC moiety as a turn mimetic thanks to the design and the antibacterial evaluation of a gramicidin S analogue. Based on our knowledge about the three-dimensional structure of ATC oligomers, the last part of this work deals with our efforts to develop inhibitors of protein-protein interaction STAT6-NCoA-1.

Le virus de la mosaïque jaune du navet (TYMV) possède un génome monopartite constitué d’ARN de polarité positive codant pour trois protéines, dont seule la polyprotéine 206K est indispensable à la réplication virale.Elle subit une maturation protéolytique, générant les protéines 140K et 66K, localisées au niveau de l’enveloppe des chloroplastes, siège de la réplication virale.Adressée aux chloroplastes, la protéine 140K y recrute la 66K et se comporte comme une protéine intégrale membranaire.Le domaine d’adressage aux chloroplastes (DAC) de la protéine 140K a été défini grâce à la transfection et à des protoplastes d’Arabidopsis thaliana par différentes constructions codantpour des versions délétées de la protéine fusionnées à l’EGFP, et à leur observation en microscopie confocale. Le DAC comprend deux hélices alpha amphipathiques dont la présence a été attestée par dichroïsme circulaire. Leur nécessité pour la localisation aux chloroplastes, l’association aux membranes et la réplication virale, a été étudiée. Différents patterns de distribution subcellulaire de la protéine 140K ont été observés. Ils sont corrélés au taux d’expression de la protéine. Sa dimérisation a également été démontrée.L’implication d’autres résidus du DAC dans la localisation subcellulaire, la dimérisation et la réplication virale, a également été recherchée. / Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus. Among the three ORFs encoded by the TYMV genome, 206K is the only protein required for viral replication. It is cleaved into 140K and 66K, which are both present at the chloroplast envelope membrane, where viral replication takes place.The 140K protein is targeted to chloroplasts, where it recruits 66K, and behaves as an integral membrane protein. The chloroplast targeting domain (DAC) of the 140K protein was defined using Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts transfected by various constructs encoding deleted versions of 140Kfused to EGFP and subsequent confocal microscopy. The DAC comprises two amphipathic alpha helices, as confirmed by circular dichroism. Their involvement in chloroplast localisation and membrane association has been assessed, as well as their contribution to viral replication.We observed different subcellular distribution patterns of 140K protein, which correlate with the expression level of the protein. Its capability to dimerize has also been demonstrated.The involvement of other DAC residues in subcellular localisation, dimerization and viral replication has been studied.