Human rights violations and exploitation of migrant workers in Qatar is something which has been extensively researched during recent years. However, a lot of these studies are focusing on specific rights violations; the functioning of the kafala-system; responsibility of actions; or economic gains of Qatar. To a lesser extent, focus have been pointed towards the structural pillars of the Qatari society and how the government is using these structures as means of controlling, and thereby exploiting, migrant workers. Thus, this thesis is striving to fill this research gap by analyzing how different structural facets have been utilized by the state of Qatar in order to control and manipulate these people. The study is working with a qualitative content analysis and is utilizing a specific branch of social harm theory deemed as work-based harm. As such, different angles of structural control are examined and how this control is implicit in worker exploitation. It is concluded that extensive control mechanisms within both political, legal, cultural and economic pillars have been used by the state of Qatar as means of exploitation.

Any form of self harm can be triggering and hard for most people to be confronted with. Sexually risky behaviour and sex as self-injury among young people is no exception. This study aims to explore and analyse how social workers in the field of psychiatric care for young people in Sweden work with this group. For this study four interviews were conducted and analysed with systems theory.  To further deepen the studies result, a variation of literature has been included. The result of the study showed how dedicated social workers worked in interprofessional teams as well as with the youths families, in ordr to provide the youth with care suitable for their needs. The results from both the interviews as well as the literature reviewshow that although there is currently a need for more structured and evidence-based guidelines and work methods, it is a field where forward-looking research and great development are constantly present.

The subject of this paper is the civil law aspects of health protection. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the relevant law concerning the topic and compare it to regulation suggested in the new civil code. Considering the breadth of the topic, the thesis does not deal with all aspects of this issue but just focuses on some of the most debatable questions. Not only the current law and related literature is considered, but a particular emphasis is also put on related case law. In some parts the paper also takes into consideration the fundamental masterpiece of European tort doctrine - Principles of European Tort Law (PETL). The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the topic. Chapter One provides an outline of relevant Czech and international law. Chapter Two analyses the concept of right to health protection as a part of personality protection and deals with its object, content and subjects. Chapter three is devoted to the unlawful infringement of the right to health protection and its consequences. Chapter Four focuses on civil law responsibility for unlawful infringement and on the circumstances which are necessary for the responsibility for injury to health to arise and also on the subjects to this responsibilty. This chapter also includes problems...

The thesis deals with the issue of care of drug addicts in the in the Czech Republic, particularly the Harm Reduction. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the above-mentioned working procedures with clients, the legislative framework of the services and the current situation on the drug scene in the Czech Republic. The practical part uses a qualitative form of research. The information was collected by means of structured interviews with open questions. The respondents were eleven workers of contact centres in the Central Bohemian region which has five such facilities. I cooperated with four of them for the purposes of the thesis. The objective of the thesis was to demonstrate that the Harm Reduction services are important and beneficial from the viewpoint of workers of contact centres and to find out whether the contact workers have any suggestions about how to improve the Harm Reduction services in the Czech Republic.

Bakgrund: Kvinnor med självskadebeteende skadar sig inte för att de vill ta livet av sig, utan för att lindra den psykiska smärtan och för att få kontroll över ångesten. Det är viktigt att vårdpersonalen ser hela människan och inte bara beteendet, kvinnor med självskadebeteende vill bli sedda och behandlade som alla andra patienter.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av vården vid självskadebeteende. Metod: En kvalitativ studie gjordes utifrån en innebördsanalys. Fem självbiografier analyserades och bildade resultatet. Resultat: De fyra teman som återfinns i resultatet; att uppleva betydelsen av mötet mellan personal och kvinnor, att uppleva behandlingen som vårdande eller skadande, att uppleva betydelsen av att få bekräftelse vid vårdandet och att uppleva betydelsen av olika känslor vid vårdandet. Dessa teman visar att kvinnor med självskadebeteende vill bli sedda samt kunna känna en tillit till sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal. Tid för samtal upplevs vara viktigt för att kvinnor ska få en bra vård. Slutsats: Kvinnors upplevelser är både positiva och negativa. Delaktighet och förklaringar kring självskadebeteendet och vårdandet upplevs vara viktigt för att få en god hälsa och en god vårdtid. / Background: Women with self-harm don’t cut themselves because they want to die, they do it to ease the psychic pain, and they get control over their angst. It is important that the nurses see the big picture in the person behind the self-harming behavior. Women with this behavior wants to be seen and treated like the other patients. Aim: Women’s experiences of health care in regards to self-harm. Methods: The study, was made with a qualitative meaning analysis. Five self-biographies where analyzed and became the results. Results: The four themes in the results; to experience the significance of the meeting between staff and women, to experience treatment as caring or damaged, to experience the importance of getting confirmation by caring and to experience the role of emotions in caring. These themes shows that the women wants to be seen and feel trust to the nurses and other professionals. Time and places for conversations are the women`s needs for having good treatment and care. Conclusion: Women’s experiences is positive and negative. Participation and explanation about their disease and treatment experience the woman as an important part of being able to feel good and to health care should be a good experience.

The drug treatment staff attitude towards needle exchange is what investigates in this study. The aim of this study is to see what’s affecting the standpoints in the needle exchange issue and also to investigate if the needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy. The study has a qualitative approach and it’s based on eight semi-structured interviews with drug treatment staff. To analyze the empirical material we’ve used Berger and Luckmanns social construction theory, the theoretical concept profession socialization and the four ethical principles: autonomy principle, goodness maximization principle, harm minimization principle and the principle of justice. The result of this study shows that drug treatment staffs are negative to needle exchange efficacy. They don’t believe that needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy which strives for a drug free society. The drug treatment staffs are worried about that harm reduction interventions, such as needle exchange, will lead to a liberalized drug policy and that drug use will be legitimized. They fear that the drug policy will be weakened with harm reduction. The results illustrate that there are numerous factors that influence staff attitudes towards needle exchange, these are profession socialization, workplace, organization, context, the current drug policy as well as knowledgeable of the needle exchange. Keywords: Needle exchange, Injection drug users, Drug treatment staff, Harm reduction and Swedish drug policy.

The aim of this study was to examine how professionals, in the field of social work, perceive and describes the phenomenon sex as a way to self-harm. By taking note of how professionals describes the meaning of the phenomenon and its function and examine their beliefs about gender differences, we wish to, with the help of selected theories, seek understanding of the phenomenon.   In our research for previous studies, we noticed the lack of scientific research, which made us curious about the phenomenon and wanted to seek for a better understanding. The study was conducted through a qualitative method based on a survey constituted by open questions. The survey was filled by different professionals that are working in the field of social work.   The conclusion of our study shows that the phenomenon is very complex and there are many different causes and aims to self-harm by using sex. The study also showed that the professionals that participated in this study had some beliefs about gender differences linked to the phenomenon.

<p>The drug treatment staff attitude towards needle exchange is what investigates in this study. The aim of this study is to see what’s affecting the standpoints in the needle exchange issue and also to investigate if the needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy. The study has a qualitative approach and it’s based on eight semi-structured interviews with drug treatment staff. To analyze the empirical material we’ve used Berger and Luckmanns social construction theory, the theoretical concept profession socialization and the four ethical principles: autonomy principle, goodness maximization principle, harm minimization principle and the principle of justice.</p><p>The result of this study shows that drug treatment staffs are negative to needle exchange efficacy. They don’t believe that needle exchange is compatible with Swedish drug policy which strives for a drug free society. The drug treatment staffs are worried about that harm reduction interventions, such as needle exchange, will lead to a liberalized drug policy and that drug use will be legitimized. They fear that the drug policy will be weakened with harm reduction. The results illustrate that there are numerous factors that influence staff attitudes towards needle exchange, these are profession socialization, workplace, organization, context, the current drug policy as well as knowledgeable of the needle exchange.</p><p>Keywords: Needle exchange, Injection drug users, Drug treatment staff, Harm reduction and Swedish drug policy.</p>

This study sought to hear the narratives of individuals that have recovered from self-harming, with the intention of bearing witness to both the narratives and remaining scars in order to better understand and inform clinical practice. A purposive sample of seven individuals was recruited. Participants were asked to photograph their scars and bring them to an interview. Narratives were generated and explored through a relatively unstructured individual interview. Both the images and narratives were analysed using a narrative approach exploring content, performance and structural aspects, emphasising researcher reflexivity throughout. Findings were understood through psychoanalytic theory and highlighted a theme of validation and ‘being seen’, evidenced in stories of past invalidation that had been internalised into the self-structure and defended against by presenting a ‘defended’ self. Self-harm enabled this ‘unseen self’ to be expressed, validated and contained. Recovery was storied in terms of internalising experiences of validation, which enabled integration of the invalidated parts of the self. Many of the participants highlighted how their scars told a story of discovery; of becoming, coping and surviving. In the healing of scars this recovery is evident, but they may also continue to convey the unseen and unspoken experiences of pain, incoherence and invalidation. Self-harm and remaining scars may be understood as connecting, containing and re-embodying the internalised invalidation and ‘unseen’ aspects of the self. These findings are discussed with reference to the clinical implications, strengths and limitations of the methodology and directions for future research.

Background: Injection drug use is a popular and concurrently a very hazardous manner of application. In the Czech Republic there are approximately 45 thousand of problem drug users from which 43 thousand are injection users (Mravčík et al., 2014). There are known and mostly in detail described addictive substances which are mostly preferred by these users and it is also described how these substances work in human organism. However, it is a question how they affect the particular behaviour of the user within the injection application. In 2013 in the Czech Republic there were distributed 6,2 million syringes (Mravčík et al., 2014). Aim: The main goal was to ascertain the frequency of the injection application of drugs in case of the problem users and to estimate the general (annual) consumption of the injection material (according to the prevalence estimate for the given area) depending on the typology of the users (type of used drugs, pattern of usage). Sample: The research bracket was formed by 117 respondents form Prague field programme and low-threshold contact centre. Methods: The chosen method of the data collection was the questionnaire which was developed for the purpose of the thesis and which was realized with the administration of the researcher. Data were processed by descriptive...