FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Esta dissertaÃÃo tem por objeto de estudo os aspectos do herÃi nas obras regionalistas O Sertanejo (1875) e O GaÃcho (1870), de Josà de Alencar. AtravÃs de indivÃduos heroicos, como Arnaldo e Manuel Canho, o escritor cearense desenvolve protagonistas representativos das diversas regiÃes brasileiras, baseando assim suas obras em seu projeto de valorizaÃÃo da cor local e afirmaÃÃo da identidade nacional. Orientando-nos por aspectos do herÃi, dentro do movimento RomÃntico, discutiremos algumas caracterÃsticas relevantes para a diferenciaÃÃo e aproximaÃÃo do protagonista alencarino diante do herÃi representado em outros perÃodos literÃrios. Para tanto, traÃaremos um breve panorama da importÃncia do mito nas sociedades, assim como a origem e desenvolvimento do mitologema do herÃi. AtravÃs de um estudo minucioso do herÃi alencarino, pretendemos mostrar como o autor faz uso de aspectos heroicos tradicionalmente encontrados nas epopeias e tragÃdia gregas, reforÃando a influÃncia de narrativas homÃricas na cultura ocidental. Todavia, o herÃi do romance, assim como o prÃprio gÃnero ao qual pertence, tem por essÃncia a contradiÃÃo, a busca pela efetivaÃÃo da sua subjetividade em um mundo objetivo. Com efeito, o herÃi responsÃvel por representar o romance personifica o desajuste ao tentar adaptar-se à sociedade em que vive e a sua incapacidade de realizar os anseios da alma em um mundo incapaz de concretizÃ-los. Este trabalho terà como apoio teÃrico os pensadores Mircea Eliade (1972), AfrÃnio Coutinho (1995, 1999), LukÃcs (2000), Araripe JÃnior (1980), dentre outros estudiosos da Ãrea / The objects of study in this dissertation are the aspects of the hero in the regionalist works O Sertanejo (1875) and O GaÃcho (1870), by Josà de Alencar. Through heroic characters, like Arnaldo and Manuel Canho, the writer from Cearà develops protagonists who represent the different regions of Brazil, thus basing his works on his project valuing the âlocal colorâ and the affirmation of a national identity. Guided by the aspects of the hero within the Romantic Movement, we will discuss some relevant features that can both differentiate and approach the characters to the heroes represented in other literary periods. To do so, we will draw a brief overview of the importance of the myth in archaic societies, as well as the origin and development of the mythologem of the hero. Through a detailed study of the hero from Alencarâs point of view, we intend to show how the author makes use of heroic aspects traditionally found in the Greek epopees and tragedies, strengthening the influence of the Homeric narrative in Western culture. However, the hero of the novel, as well as the own genre to which it belongs, has at its core the contradiction, the quest for the realization of their subjectivity in an objective world. Indeed, the hero, responsible for representing the novel, embodies the misfit in adapting to the society they live in and their inability to carry out the desires of the soul in a world unable to achieve them. This dissertation is based on the Works of Mircea Eliade (1972), AfrÃnio Coutinho (1995, 1999), LukÃcs (2000), Araripe JÃnior (1980), among other researchers

Compreender criando – eis o percurso. Servindo-se da teoria dos arquétipos da psicologia analítica de Carl G. Jung e dos estudos do imaginário, a pesquisa pretende estabelecer relações entre os procedimentos de criação do ator e os conceitos de mitopoese, símbolo e arquétipo, a fim de encontrar possíveis vínculos entre o processo criativo e os aspectos que caracterizam a manifestação da imagem arquetípica do herói. As mitologias fundadas a partir desse arquétipo expressam a busca de uma relação criativa com a potência das imagens inconscientes, uma jornada de formação, um modelo processual. Esse trajeto se direciona à experiência da totalidade do ser, ao ato de integração do self denominado pela psicologia analítica junguiana como individuação. Conforme as concepções de Grotowski, o trabalho criativo, a partir da busca de uma técnica pessoal, envolve experiências semelhantes de autoconhecimento e de totalidade. Caberia entendê-lo como processo de individuação? Propondo-se a revisitar e reconstruir o itinerário de criação do espetáculo A mulher de Putifar para investigar sua articulação às questões levantadas pela pesquisa e visando problematizar o trabalho sobre si e a dramaturgia de ator, este estudo interroga a possibilidade de presentificar na imagem cênica o percurso do herói. Fazendo-se jornada mitopoética, o processo de criação encontra no relacionamento com as imagens um conhecimento ativo, no qual a emergência da consciência torna-se um “dramaturgir-se” para “ler-se”. / Understand through creating – behold the path. Making use of the archetypes theory of Carl G. Jung’s analytical psychology and the studies of the imaginary, the research intends to establish relations between the procedures for creation of the actor and the concepts of mitopoese, symbol and archetype, in order to find possible links between the creative process and the aspects that characterize the manifestation of the archetypal image of the hero. The mythologies founded from that archetype express the search of a creative relationship with the power of unconscious images, a formative journey, a procedural model. This path is directed to the experience of the totality of being, the act of integrating the self designated by jungian analytical psychology as individuation. According to Grotowski’s conceptions, the creation process involves similar experiences of self-knowledge and totality. Could it be understood as a process of individuation? Proposing to revisit and rebuild the creative journey of the theatrical performance A mulher de Putifar to investigate its relationship to issues raised by the survey and to problematize the work on oneself and the dramaturgy of actor, this study examines the possibility to make scenic image of the journey of the hero. Becoming mythopoetic journey, the creation process finds in the relationship with images an active knowledge, in which the emergence of consciousness becomes a dramaturgy on oneself with the intention of reading oneself.

Esta pesquisa pretende discutir a forma com que Dioniso foi transformado em herói épico nas Dionisíacas de Nono de Panópolis, uma epopeia em quarenta e oito cantos sobre o ciclo de Dioniso, desde a fundação de Tebas e o estabelecimento de seus antepassados à apoteose olímpica do deus. A análise será baseada nas características de Dioniso no campo de batalha e em oposição aos três principais adversários no poema, Licurgo, Deríades e Penteu. Para uma melhor compreensão da construção de Dioniso como herói, é necessária uma análise sobre o contexto social e cultural em que Nono compõe sua obra, assim como a relação do poeta com Homero, o principal poeta épico grego. Em anexo encontram-se os cantos XXXIX e XL das Dionisíacas em original grego e na tradução feita por mim. / This research intend to discuss the way Dionysus was transformed into epic hero in Nonnus Dionysiaca, an epic in forty-eight chants concerning the Dionysian Cycle, from the foundation of Thebes and the establishment of their ancestors to the Olympic apotheosis of the god. The analysis will be based on Dionysos features on the battlefield in opposition to the three main opponents in the poem, Lycurgus, Deríades and Pentheus. For a better understanding of the construction of Dionysus as a hero, an analysis is needed on the social and cultural context in which Nono composes his poem, as well as the poet\'s relationship with Homer, the Greek main epic poet. Attached are the chants XXXIX and XL of Dionysiaca in original greek and the translation made by me.

Este trabalho pretende discutir de que forma a noção de heroísmo foi abordada nas Argonáuticas de Apolônio de Rodes em oposição ao conceito de herói presente nos poemas homéricos. A análise se baseará na distinção entre as personagens Jasão e Héracles como exemplos de modos de atuação díspares e conflitantes no poema. A tradução dos livros I e n das Argonáuticas complementa o estudo. / This work intends to discuss the notion of heroism present in Apollonius Rhodius\' Argonautica in opposition to the concept of hero in Homeric poems. The analysis is based on the distinction between the characters Jason and Heracles as examples of different and conflicting ways of action. The translation of Argonautica books I and n complements the study.

A orfandade é um tema bastante recorrente na literatura infantil e juvenil. Desde as antigas narrativas orais, como os contos de fadas, por exemplo, o arquétipo do órfão é revisitado regularmente na construção de diferentes personagens, sendo mantida, porém, uma estrutura básica predominante, principalmente no que concerne à sua trajetória. Investigar a recorrência dessa temática, partindo da análise de alguns contos populares até alcançar as mais recentes obras voltadas para o público jovem, foi um dos objetivos desta pesquisa. Uma outra meta foi estabelecer paralelos e divergências entre as figuras secundárias que compõem essas narrativas, como as madrinhas, as madrastas, os irmãos, os amigos, os seres mágicos, entre outros, e focalizar o papel que elas desempenham na trajetória do órfão, agindo ora como \"desvios\", ora como \"atalhos\" em seu caminho. Um terceiro propósito da dissertação foi estudar a circulação da personagem órfã contemporânea entre a literatura e outras mídias, como as histórias em quadrinhos (HQ) e o cinema. Para isso, tomamos três personagens da ficção criadas originalmente para três diferentes suportes - Harry Potter (literatura), Peter Parker (HQ) e Luke Skywalker (cinema) - e procuramos estabelecer similaridades e divergências em três momentos de seus percursos: partida, iniciação e retorno. Ao compararmos as trajetórias desses três heróis órfãos, podemos perceber as visíveis intersecções entre elas e somos levados a crer que, mesmo modificadas pelos estilos literários e pelas mídias que lhes servem de suporte, essas personagens solitárias conservam, contudo, a essência das características de seu remoto substrato popular, proveniente da oralidade. / Orphanhood is quite a common theme in Children\'s Literature. From the old oral stories, as the fairy tales, for instance, the orphan archetype is regularly used in order to build different characters, keeping, however, a predominant basic structure, chiefly with regard to his path. Investigating the frequency of such a theme starting from the analysis of some popular tales and finally reaching the most recent works, offered to young people, was one of the purposes of this research. Another aim was to establish parallels and divergences ocurring to secondary characters that take part in those narratives, as the godmothers, stepmothers, brothers and sisters, magic creatures, among others, and focusing the role they play in the development of the orphan course, acting sometimes as \"sidetracks\", sometimes as \"shortcuts\" in his way. A third goal of this work was to study the circulation of the contemporary orphan character both in literature and other mass media, as comics and movies. For this purpose we chose three fiction characters, created originally for three different supports - Harry Potter (literature), Peter Parker (comics) and Luke Skywlaker (movies) - and tried to show similarities and differences in three moments of their route: start, initiation and return. Comparing the footsteps of those three orphan heroes, we may note the visible intersections among them and take into account that, even changed by literary style and mass media which support them, those solitary characters keep, nevertheless, the essence of the characteristics of their ancient popular substractum, coming from orality.

L’angoisse joue un rôle primordial dans l’œuvre de Léon Tolstoï, principe structurant de son système narratif et aiguillon de sa quête personnelle – littéraire, philosophique et religieuse. Trois grandes familles peuvent être distinguées parmi les personnages tolstoïens : ceux du « on », les « hommes de la société », constituant la masse des personnages secondaires ; ceux du « je », « je » qui émerge dans et par l’expérience de l’angoisse, « héros mobiles » auxquels il est donné d’évoluer ; et ceux du « nous », figures de la communauté des « hommes de la nature », détenteurs du savoir auquel aspirent les héros. L’intrigue se construit autour de la destinée de ces héros, dont l’évolution constitue une forme de parcours initiatique procédant par ruptures. Les étapes de ce parcours s’articulent autour de la crise, de la réaction à celle-ci et de sa résolution dans la révélation. Si les héros aspirent au salut de l’angoisse dans le dépassement de l’être individuel et la communion universelle, cette aspiration se traduit chez Tolstoï par un rapport complexe au moi se révélant à travers ses différentes pratiques d’écriture et par l’élaboration d’un projet éthique et esthétique devant permettre cette communion universelle. L’angoisse de Tolstoï lui-même semble devoir en outre être considérée dans le contexte du tournant du siècle, qui représente un tournant dans la culture et en particulier dans la littérature russe. L’utilisation, dans les textes où Tolstoï fait le récit de sa propre conversion, des schémas narratifs et procédés d’écriture élaborés dans les œuvres littéraires semble suggérer la possible « fictionnalité » de la résolution de sa crise personnelle. / Angst plays a primordial role in Leo Tolstoy’s writing, being the structuring principle of his narrative system and the heart of his personal – literary, philosophical, and religious – quest. Three categories can be distinguished among tolstoyan characters: the “men of society”, who constitute the mass of the secondary characters; the “mobile heroes”, whose individuality emerges in and from the angst experience; and the figures of the “men of nature”, holders of the knowledge heroes aspire to. The plot is built on these heroes’ destiny, whose evolution represents a form of initiatory path proceeding by ruptures. The steps of this course are articulated around the crisis, the response to it, and its resolution as revelation. While heroes aspire to escape from angst by going beyond the individual “I” and by the universal communion, this desire shows itself in the Tolstoy’s complex relation to the “I”, revealing itself through his various writing practices and by the development of an ethic and aesthetic project that should ensure this universal communion. Tolstoy’s personal Angst should be considered in the context of the century’s turn, representing a turning point in culture and in particular in Russian literature. The use, in the texts in which Tolstoy tells the story of his own conversion, of narrative patterns and writing devices developed in his literary works seems to suggest the possible “fictionality” of his personal crisis’s resolution.

Reklamfilmen “Fler borde göra donken” publicerades 2017 som en del i McDonalds reklamkampanj “Gör donken”. Den uppstår i svallvågorna av att allmän värnplikt återinförs i Sverige och flyktingkrisen 2015. Myten om hjältesoldaten identifieras som en central aspekt i reklamfilmen och syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur myten kring hjältesoldaten framställs samt diskutera hur reklamfilmen relaterar till övergripande kontext och rådande ideologier. Analysen utförs med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som möjliggör för djupgående reflektioner. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk inkluderar semiotik med fem valda teoribegrepp samt stort fokus på myter. Vidare används David Machins teori som behandlar sociala aktörers framställning. Slutligen inkluderas retoriken med sex valda teoribegrepp. Resultatet från analysen visar på att myten kring hjältesoldaten existerar och verkar inom reklamfilmen genom visuella, auditiva och språkliga tecken samt de sociala aktörerna. Myten byggs upp genom kopplingar till ett flertal karakteristiska teman som hämtas från hjältesoldatens framställning. Vidare tyder analysen på att myten är förankrad i den övergripande framtoningen som McDonalds framställer. Det finns även en förankring till den omkringliggande samhälleliga kontexten där återinförandet av värnplikten i Sverige och flyktingkrisen 2015 är de centrala kopplingarna. Dock återfinns även en brytning med myten samt med rådande ideologi i samhället. Avslutningsvis brukar reklamfilmen de positiva konnotationerna tillhörande myten kring hjältesoldaten, medan de negativa konnotationerna förblir dolda. Detta kräver att konsumenter anammar ett kritiskt synsätt för att tydliggöra dem och således kunna ta ställningen till reklamfilmens fulla innebörd. / The advertisement “Fler borde göra donken” was published in 2017 as part of the McDonald’s campaign “Gör donken”. The campaign surfaces in the aftermath of the reintroduction of military draft in Sweden and the refugee crisis in 2015. The myth concerning the hero soldier is identified as a central aspect in the advertisement and the purpose of this study is to analyze how the myth concerning the hero soldier is portrayed as well as what possible implications can arise from it. The analysis is conducted with a qualitative content analysis which enables deeper reflection. The study’s theoretical framework includes semiotics with five chosen theoretical concepts and focus on myths. David Machin’s theory concerning social actors and their portrayal is also used in the theoretical framework. Finally, rhetoric is included in the framework with six chosen theoretical concepts. The result from the analysis reveals that the myth concerning the hero soldier exists within the advertisement through both visual, auditive and linguistic signs as well as the social actors. The myth is created through connections to several characteristic themes which are found in the general portrayal of the hero soldier. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the myth is anchored in the general image portrayed by McDonalds. There is also rootedness to the surrounding societal context where the reintroduction of military drafting and the refugee crisis of 2015 are the central connections. On the other hand, there is also a disconnect with the myth as well with an ideology in the society. Finally, the advertisement utilizes the positive connotations belonging to the myth concerning the hero soldier while the negative connotations remain hidden. This requires that consumers adopt a critical way of thinking to elucidate the hidden connotations to be aware of all aspects of the advertisement.

The aim of this postgraduate dissertation, entitled Depiction of Existentially Tense Life Situations in Selected Works of Children's and Youth Literature and Their Didactic Analysis, is to draw attention to two books for children and youth containing subject matter of a very delicate variety (domestic violence and parents' death) and to point out the possibility of using these literary works in literature or civics class. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to domestic violence and its portrayal in The Book of Everything. The second part deals with the death of a loved one and how it is portrayed in the book A Monster Calls. Chapters are further divided into several subchapters. In the first subchapter, the literature on the topic is reviewed. In the second one, the manifestations of the respective issues in the books are discussed, followed by a subchapter consisting of character analysis. Each final subchapter deals with the didactic potential of the selected extract. The product of the dissertation are two annotated handouts, as well as a summary of my experience with their realization in an elementary school setting. KEYWORDS children, death, domestic violence, hero, analysis, literature, civics

This thesis deals with the projects of ThePlayersTribune.com and its younger Czech equivalent Bezfrazi.cz. Both websites were created in recent years and their ambition is to change the stereotypical view of athletes brought by traditional media. These platforms give athletes the space to present themselves in their own words and also to be a part of the editing process. Athletes on the websites share their life stories, which are very inspiring and often contains overlap beyond the sports environment. Thus, readers can infiltrate to the lives of famous or less-known athletes, and also, thanks to the first-person storytelling, perceive situations from their perspective. No thesis has dealt with this topic, yet, and so this diploma thesis is conceived as a case study, the aim of which was to introduce, describe the functioning and compare both projects. It deals with their significance for sports journalism, the role of the journalist in mediating stories, verifying the facts in stories and the popularity of stories from the sports environment in general. The diploma thesis also includes own classification of typologically identical stories published on the platforms The Players' Tribune and Bez frází. The stories are qualitatively analyzed. The attention is paid mainly to the narrative structure...

Marcela Navrátilová, The Transformation of the Heroism of Labour in the Era of Socialism Abstract: The term of heroism of labour, purpose of which, originally, was to praise the value of labour to the country, became over the time a mere phrase of political manipulation. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the discourse of the term as presented to the wide public by the daily newspaper Rude Pravo during the era of socialism. The framework of the study is based on comparison of four stages significant to the development of the socialism in Czechoslovakia: first of all, the early years of 1950's - the era of Stalinism and initial years of building the state-socialism, the second half of 1960's - also known as the period of the Thaw, thirdly, the normalization years of the 1970's and lastly, the second half of 1980's - the final years of the Communist era in Czechoslovakia. These four periods were used as a platform for comparing the change and the development of heroism of labour. The thesis constitutes of methodological preface introducing the method used in my research and a theoretical introduction explaining the key terms of labour and the discourse of socialism, and also, explaining the role of Rude Pravo in Czechoslovakia between the years 1948 - 1989. These two parts are followed by the analytical...