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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

The Roles of Two Different Pathways in Hypoxia: p53/HDM2 and PERK/GCN2/eIF2α

Liu, Yan 21 September 2009 (has links)
No description available.
32

Atividade anti-angiogênica e modulação das proteínas envolvidas na neoformação vascular por compostos bioativos da própolis / Anti-angiogenic activity and modulation of protein-involved in new vases formation by propolis bioactive compounds

Daleprane, Julio Beltrame 22 July 2011 (has links)
Rica em compostos bioativos, a própolis é amplamente utilizada na medicina alternativa como agente preventivo e/ou terapêutico. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o impacto de frações ricas em polifenóis de diferentes própolis no processo de angiogênese na aterosclerose. Foram utilizadas as seguintes amostras de própolis: Red (vermelho, Alagoas-Brasil), Green (verde, Minas Gerais-Brasil) e Brown (marrom, Temuco-Chile), com concentrações semelhantes de polifenóis totais (~32%), porém com diferentes perfis de compostos fenólicos. A suplementação (250 mg/Kg/dia) de camundongos knockout para o receptor de LDL (LDLr-/-) com os polifenóis demonstrou que no protocolo de lesão inicial (LI) os grupos suplementados apresentaram menor (p<0,05) área de lesão (Green, 726&#181;m2; Red, 519&#181;m2; Brown, 698&#181;m2) em relação ao controle (GC, 1184&#181;m2). Em contraste, no protocolo de lesão avançada (LA) apenas o grupo Red (1082&#181;m2) apresentou menor (p<0,05) área de lesão em relação ao GC (1598&#181;m2). Em ambos os protocolos (LI e LA) observou-se redução (p<0,05) na expressão de importantes genes envolvidos no processo de angiogênese (VEGF, MMP9, PDGF e PECAM). No entanto, apenas o grupo tratado com a própolis Red foi capaz de aumentar (p<0,05) a expressão de TIMP-1 no protocolo de LI. Todos os tratamentos inibiram (p<0,05), em cerca de 45%, a migração de células endoteliais (CE), bem como cerca de 55% do brotamento de tubos de anéis de aorta, em relação ao controle e ao redor de 50% da formação de novos vasos na membrana corioalantóica de embrião de galinha (CAM). Ao investigar o mecanismo de ação dos polifenóis, observamos que os polifenóis da própolis Red (PRP) mostraram-se mais eficazes em modular a expressão do Fator induzido por Hipóxia-1 alfa (HIF-1&#945;), de modo dose/tempo dependente em células endoteliais. Adicionalmente, os polifenóis da própolis Red (PRP) reduziram a expressão de genes alvos regulados por HIF-1&#945; como GLUT-1 e ADM, além de inibir a expressão gênica e a secreção de VEGF em meio de cultura. Em presença dos PRP, a degradação de HIF-1&#945; foi exarcebada e, utilizando-se células RCC4/pVHL (células de carcinoma renal com VHL reintroduzido), observou-se que PRP induzem a desestabilização de HIF-1&#945; acelerando sua degradação dependente de pVHL. Em células endoteliais, pVHL foi superexpresso devido à inibição de Cdc42, um repressor de pVHL. Conclui-se que os polifenóis oriundos das própolis Green, Red e Brown possuem potencial anti-aterogênico através da inibição da expressão de moléculas inflamatórias e angiogênicas, principalmente quando suplementados ao início do desenvolvimento da lesão aterosclerótica. Além disso, os polifenóis da própolis Red inibem o processo de angiogênese, aumentando a desestabilização de HIF-1&#945; pelo aumento da degradação via pVHL e induzindo sua expressão em função da repressão de Cdc42. / Propolis is rich in bioactive compounds and widely used in alternative medicine as a preventive agent and/or in therapy. We evaluate the impact of polyphenol-rich fractions of propolis from different origins and types in the angiogenesis process in atherosclerotic lesions. The following samples of propolis were used: Red (red, Alagoas, Brazil), Green (green, Minas Gerais, Brazil) and Brown (brown, Temuco, Chile), with similar concentrations of total polyphenols (~ 32%) but with different profiles of phenolic compounds. Supplementation (250 mg / kg / day) of knockout mice for the LDL receptor (LDLr-/ -) with polyphenols showed that in the initial lesion (LI) protocol supplemented groups had lower (p<0.05) lesion area (Green, 726&#181;m2; Red, 519&#181;m2; Brown 698&#181;m2) compared to control (GC, 1184&#181;m2). In contrast, in the advanced lesions (LA) protocol only the Red group (1082&#181;m2) had smaller lesion area (p<0.05) compared to GC (1598&#181;m2). In both protocols (LI and LA) a reduction (p<0.05 of important genes expression involved in angiogenesis (VEGF, MMP9, PDGF and PECAM) was observed. However, only the group treated with Red propolis was able to increase (p <0.05) the expression of TIMP-1 in the LI protocol. The treatments with all types of propolis inhibited (p<0.05), about 45% the migration of endothelial cells (EC), approximately 55% of tubes formation in aortic rings and almost 50% of formation of new vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo (CAM) compared to the control. While investigating the mechanism of polyphenols action, it was found that polyphenols from Red propolis (PRP) were more effective in modulating the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (HIF-1&#945;) in a dose/time dependent way in EC. Additionally, the polyphenols from red propolis (PRP) reduced the expression of target genes regulated by HIF-11&#945; as GLUT-1, ADM, VEGF besides the VEGF protein secretion in the EC culture medium. In the presence of PRP, the degradation of HIF-11&#945; was exacerbated in RCC4/pVHL cells (renal cell carcinoma with VHL reintroduced); moreover, PRP induced destabilization of HIF-11&#945; accelerating the degradation of this transcription factor by a pVHL-dependent patway. In EC, pVHL was over expressed by inhibition of Cdc42, a repressor of pVHL. We conclude that the polyphenols from Green, Red and Brown propolis have anti-atherogenic potential by inhibiting the expression of angiogenic and inflammatory genes, especially when supplemented at an early stage of the atherosclerotic lesion development. In addition, the polyphenols from Red propolis inhibit the angiogenesis process by increasing the destabilization of HIF-11&#945; via over expression of pVHL-degradation induced by repressed Cdc42 function.
33

Produção de VEGF e HIF-1? em pacientes com carcinoma de mama localmente avançado submetidas à quimioterapia neoadjuvante. / Production of VEGF and HIF-1? in patients with locally advanced breast cancer primarily submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Garieri, Alexandre Pavan 09 May 2008 (has links)
Determinar o valor prognóstico e preditivo do VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) e do HIF-1? (Hypoxia-inducible factor-1) em relação à sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) e sobrevida global (SG) em pacientes com carcinoma de mama localmente avançado (CMLA) tratadas primariamente pela quimioterapia neoadjuvante. MATERIAIS E METODOS: VEGF e HIF foram quantificados consecutivamente em plasma de 36 pacientes com CMLA pelo método de ELISA (enzyme labeling immunoassay absorbant) para o VEGF165 e o HIF-1?. O tratamento neoadjuvante foi realizado em todas as pacientes com docetaxel e epirrubicina. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 56 meses. RESULTADOS: Uma análise univariada demonstrou que o HIF-1? está significantemente relacionado à SLD (P =.0238) e à SG (P = .0121) com as pacientes HER-2 positivas. Não houve diferença significante para a SLD ou SG no que diz respeito aos receptores de hormônio, comprometimento axilar ou grau tumoral. Os valores de VEGF foram maiores no grupo de pacientes RE+ do que no grupo RE negativo (P =.01). Inversamente os valores de HIF-1? foram menores no grupo RE+ comparados ao grupo RE - (P =.02). Pacientes com recorrência óssea apresentaram uma tendência a apresentarem valores de VEGF menores (media, 175.7 pg/ml) do que aquelas com recorrência visceral (441 pg/ml). Uma análise multivariada demonstrou o comprometimento axilar (P =.0004), receptores de estrógeno (ER) (P < .0001), e tamanho do tumor (P = .0085) como fatores independentes de SLD. O HIF-1? foi tido como um fator independente preditivo de SG (P =.0180). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores plasmáticos de HIF-1? ou VEGF nos períodos pré e pós quimioterapia. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que o nível plasmático do HIF-1? é preditivo de SLD e SG nas pacientes com CMLA apresentando uma sobreposição as pacientes HER-2 positivas. As dosagens de VEGF podem ser preditivas de resposta e prognóstico no tratamento neoadjuvante, mas são necessários novos estudos prospectivos comparados ao HIF-1? para conclusões mais consistentes. / To determine the predictive and prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1?) for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) primarily submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VEGF and HIF were quantitatively measured in plasma sample from 36 consecutive patients with LABC using an enzyme immunoassay for human VEGF165 and HIF-1?. Neoadjuvant treatment was given to all patients as docetaxel and epirrubicin. The follow-up median time was 56 months. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that HIF-1? is a significant predictor of RFS ( P = .0238) and OS (P = 0121) in HER-2 positive patients. No significant difference was seen in RFS or OS related to hormonal receptor, axillary status or tumoral grade. The VEGF level was higher in the group of patients who ER was positive than ER negative (P = .01). On the other hand, the HIF-1? level is higher in ER negative patients than ER positive ( P=.02). Patients with bone recurrences tended to have lower VEGF plasma level (median, 175.7 pg/ml) than patients with visceral metastasis (441 pg/ml). Multivariate analysis showed nodal status (P = .0004), estrogen receptor (ER) status (P < .0001), and tumor size (P = .0085) to be independent predictors of RFS. HIF-1? was found to be an independent predictor of OS (P = .0180). No statistically differences were observed related to pre and post chemotherapy period in HIF-1? or VEGF measurements. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that high level of plasma HIF-1? is associated to HER-2 over expression and they are major predictive factors of RFS and OS in LABC. VEGF content might also predict outcome after neoadjuvant treatment, however further studies in a prospective setting with HIF-1? homologous treatments are required.
34

Atividade anti-angiogênica e modulação das proteínas envolvidas na neoformação vascular por compostos bioativos da própolis / Anti-angiogenic activity and modulation of protein-involved in new vases formation by propolis bioactive compounds

Julio Beltrame Daleprane 22 July 2011 (has links)
Rica em compostos bioativos, a própolis é amplamente utilizada na medicina alternativa como agente preventivo e/ou terapêutico. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o impacto de frações ricas em polifenóis de diferentes própolis no processo de angiogênese na aterosclerose. Foram utilizadas as seguintes amostras de própolis: Red (vermelho, Alagoas-Brasil), Green (verde, Minas Gerais-Brasil) e Brown (marrom, Temuco-Chile), com concentrações semelhantes de polifenóis totais (~32%), porém com diferentes perfis de compostos fenólicos. A suplementação (250 mg/Kg/dia) de camundongos knockout para o receptor de LDL (LDLr-/-) com os polifenóis demonstrou que no protocolo de lesão inicial (LI) os grupos suplementados apresentaram menor (p<0,05) área de lesão (Green, 726&#181;m2; Red, 519&#181;m2; Brown, 698&#181;m2) em relação ao controle (GC, 1184&#181;m2). Em contraste, no protocolo de lesão avançada (LA) apenas o grupo Red (1082&#181;m2) apresentou menor (p<0,05) área de lesão em relação ao GC (1598&#181;m2). Em ambos os protocolos (LI e LA) observou-se redução (p<0,05) na expressão de importantes genes envolvidos no processo de angiogênese (VEGF, MMP9, PDGF e PECAM). No entanto, apenas o grupo tratado com a própolis Red foi capaz de aumentar (p<0,05) a expressão de TIMP-1 no protocolo de LI. Todos os tratamentos inibiram (p<0,05), em cerca de 45%, a migração de células endoteliais (CE), bem como cerca de 55% do brotamento de tubos de anéis de aorta, em relação ao controle e ao redor de 50% da formação de novos vasos na membrana corioalantóica de embrião de galinha (CAM). Ao investigar o mecanismo de ação dos polifenóis, observamos que os polifenóis da própolis Red (PRP) mostraram-se mais eficazes em modular a expressão do Fator induzido por Hipóxia-1 alfa (HIF-1&#945;), de modo dose/tempo dependente em células endoteliais. Adicionalmente, os polifenóis da própolis Red (PRP) reduziram a expressão de genes alvos regulados por HIF-1&#945; como GLUT-1 e ADM, além de inibir a expressão gênica e a secreção de VEGF em meio de cultura. Em presença dos PRP, a degradação de HIF-1&#945; foi exarcebada e, utilizando-se células RCC4/pVHL (células de carcinoma renal com VHL reintroduzido), observou-se que PRP induzem a desestabilização de HIF-1&#945; acelerando sua degradação dependente de pVHL. Em células endoteliais, pVHL foi superexpresso devido à inibição de Cdc42, um repressor de pVHL. Conclui-se que os polifenóis oriundos das própolis Green, Red e Brown possuem potencial anti-aterogênico através da inibição da expressão de moléculas inflamatórias e angiogênicas, principalmente quando suplementados ao início do desenvolvimento da lesão aterosclerótica. Além disso, os polifenóis da própolis Red inibem o processo de angiogênese, aumentando a desestabilização de HIF-1&#945; pelo aumento da degradação via pVHL e induzindo sua expressão em função da repressão de Cdc42. / Propolis is rich in bioactive compounds and widely used in alternative medicine as a preventive agent and/or in therapy. We evaluate the impact of polyphenol-rich fractions of propolis from different origins and types in the angiogenesis process in atherosclerotic lesions. The following samples of propolis were used: Red (red, Alagoas, Brazil), Green (green, Minas Gerais, Brazil) and Brown (brown, Temuco, Chile), with similar concentrations of total polyphenols (~ 32%) but with different profiles of phenolic compounds. Supplementation (250 mg / kg / day) of knockout mice for the LDL receptor (LDLr-/ -) with polyphenols showed that in the initial lesion (LI) protocol supplemented groups had lower (p<0.05) lesion area (Green, 726&#181;m2; Red, 519&#181;m2; Brown 698&#181;m2) compared to control (GC, 1184&#181;m2). In contrast, in the advanced lesions (LA) protocol only the Red group (1082&#181;m2) had smaller lesion area (p<0.05) compared to GC (1598&#181;m2). In both protocols (LI and LA) a reduction (p<0.05 of important genes expression involved in angiogenesis (VEGF, MMP9, PDGF and PECAM) was observed. However, only the group treated with Red propolis was able to increase (p <0.05) the expression of TIMP-1 in the LI protocol. The treatments with all types of propolis inhibited (p<0.05), about 45% the migration of endothelial cells (EC), approximately 55% of tubes formation in aortic rings and almost 50% of formation of new vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo (CAM) compared to the control. While investigating the mechanism of polyphenols action, it was found that polyphenols from Red propolis (PRP) were more effective in modulating the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (HIF-1&#945;) in a dose/time dependent way in EC. Additionally, the polyphenols from red propolis (PRP) reduced the expression of target genes regulated by HIF-11&#945; as GLUT-1, ADM, VEGF besides the VEGF protein secretion in the EC culture medium. In the presence of PRP, the degradation of HIF-11&#945; was exacerbated in RCC4/pVHL cells (renal cell carcinoma with VHL reintroduced); moreover, PRP induced destabilization of HIF-11&#945; accelerating the degradation of this transcription factor by a pVHL-dependent patway. In EC, pVHL was over expressed by inhibition of Cdc42, a repressor of pVHL. We conclude that the polyphenols from Green, Red and Brown propolis have anti-atherogenic potential by inhibiting the expression of angiogenic and inflammatory genes, especially when supplemented at an early stage of the atherosclerotic lesion development. In addition, the polyphenols from Red propolis inhibit the angiogenesis process by increasing the destabilization of HIF-11&#945; via over expression of pVHL-degradation induced by repressed Cdc42 function.
35

Produção de VEGF e HIF-1? em pacientes com carcinoma de mama localmente avançado submetidas à quimioterapia neoadjuvante. / Production of VEGF and HIF-1? in patients with locally advanced breast cancer primarily submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Alexandre Pavan Garieri 09 May 2008 (has links)
Determinar o valor prognóstico e preditivo do VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) e do HIF-1? (Hypoxia-inducible factor-1) em relação à sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) e sobrevida global (SG) em pacientes com carcinoma de mama localmente avançado (CMLA) tratadas primariamente pela quimioterapia neoadjuvante. MATERIAIS E METODOS: VEGF e HIF foram quantificados consecutivamente em plasma de 36 pacientes com CMLA pelo método de ELISA (enzyme labeling immunoassay absorbant) para o VEGF165 e o HIF-1?. O tratamento neoadjuvante foi realizado em todas as pacientes com docetaxel e epirrubicina. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 56 meses. RESULTADOS: Uma análise univariada demonstrou que o HIF-1? está significantemente relacionado à SLD (P =.0238) e à SG (P = .0121) com as pacientes HER-2 positivas. Não houve diferença significante para a SLD ou SG no que diz respeito aos receptores de hormônio, comprometimento axilar ou grau tumoral. Os valores de VEGF foram maiores no grupo de pacientes RE+ do que no grupo RE negativo (P =.01). Inversamente os valores de HIF-1? foram menores no grupo RE+ comparados ao grupo RE - (P =.02). Pacientes com recorrência óssea apresentaram uma tendência a apresentarem valores de VEGF menores (media, 175.7 pg/ml) do que aquelas com recorrência visceral (441 pg/ml). Uma análise multivariada demonstrou o comprometimento axilar (P =.0004), receptores de estrógeno (ER) (P < .0001), e tamanho do tumor (P = .0085) como fatores independentes de SLD. O HIF-1? foi tido como um fator independente preditivo de SG (P =.0180). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores plasmáticos de HIF-1? ou VEGF nos períodos pré e pós quimioterapia. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que o nível plasmático do HIF-1? é preditivo de SLD e SG nas pacientes com CMLA apresentando uma sobreposição as pacientes HER-2 positivas. As dosagens de VEGF podem ser preditivas de resposta e prognóstico no tratamento neoadjuvante, mas são necessários novos estudos prospectivos comparados ao HIF-1? para conclusões mais consistentes. / To determine the predictive and prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1?) for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) primarily submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VEGF and HIF were quantitatively measured in plasma sample from 36 consecutive patients with LABC using an enzyme immunoassay for human VEGF165 and HIF-1?. Neoadjuvant treatment was given to all patients as docetaxel and epirrubicin. The follow-up median time was 56 months. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that HIF-1? is a significant predictor of RFS ( P = .0238) and OS (P = 0121) in HER-2 positive patients. No significant difference was seen in RFS or OS related to hormonal receptor, axillary status or tumoral grade. The VEGF level was higher in the group of patients who ER was positive than ER negative (P = .01). On the other hand, the HIF-1? level is higher in ER negative patients than ER positive ( P=.02). Patients with bone recurrences tended to have lower VEGF plasma level (median, 175.7 pg/ml) than patients with visceral metastasis (441 pg/ml). Multivariate analysis showed nodal status (P = .0004), estrogen receptor (ER) status (P < .0001), and tumor size (P = .0085) to be independent predictors of RFS. HIF-1? was found to be an independent predictor of OS (P = .0180). No statistically differences were observed related to pre and post chemotherapy period in HIF-1? or VEGF measurements. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that high level of plasma HIF-1? is associated to HER-2 over expression and they are major predictive factors of RFS and OS in LABC. VEGF content might also predict outcome after neoadjuvant treatment, however further studies in a prospective setting with HIF-1? homologous treatments are required.
36

Expressão imunohistoquímica do fator indutor de hipóxia 1-alfa (HIF-1?) em pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado / Immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha in locally advanced breast cancer patients

Brito, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira 15 July 2010 (has links)
Objetivos: Determinar a expressão imunohistoquímica do fator indutor de hipóxia 1-alfa (HIF-1-alfa) e suas variáveis associadas em pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado. Pacientes e método: Vinte e sete mulheres foram biopsiadas para diagnóstico histopatológico do carcinoma mamário e submetidas a tratamento quimioterápico pré-cirúrgico. Analisou-se a associação do HIF-1-alfa com idade, tamanho tumoral, grau histológico, estadio clínico, status hormonal e axilar, resposta clínica e patológica após tratamento quimioterápico, expressão do receptor de estrogênio, progesterona e cerbB2. Resultados: A expressão de HIF-1-alfa foi presente em 66,7% das pacientes. O único fator associado à sua presença foi o status axilar positivo (p=0,02), tendo permanecido durante a análise univariada. As demais variáveis não apresentaram associação estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: Existe uma associação estatisticamente significante entre o acometimento linfonodal e a presença de HIF-1-alfa em pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado. / Objectives: To assess the expression of HIF-1 and its associated variables with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. Methods: Twenty-seven women were submitted to incisional biopsy for histopathological diagnosis of breast carcinoma and undertaken to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). It was studied the association of HIF-1 with age, tumoral size, histological grade, clinical stage, hormonal and axillary status, clinical and pathological response after NACT, expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as the presence of cerbB2 antigen. Results: HIF-1-alpha expression was found in 66.7% of patients. Only axillary status was the associated factor with its presence (p=0.02), and remained after univariate analysis. The others did not present any significant statistically difference. Conclusion: There is a significant statistically association between axillary status and HIF-1-alpha expression in LABC patients.
37

Mecanismos reguladores da resposta inflamatória aguda sitêmica produzida pela isquemia e reperfusão intestinal em camundongos geneticamente selecionados para alta ou baixa reatividade inflamatória. / Regulatory mechanisms of systemic acute inflammation produced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in mice genetically selected for high or low inflammatory reactivity.

Suppa, Alessandra Paes 19 June 2015 (has links)
Alterações no mecanismo de transporte de oxigênio (O2) frequentes em inflamações, infecções, tumores, transplantes e isquemia, levam a hipóxia tecidual. Espécies reativas do O2 são produzidas e citocinas inflamatórias são liberadas engatilhando uma série de eventos, os quais são amplificados após a restituição do fluxo sanguíneo resultando em inflamação sistêmica. No presente estudo, caracterizamos a regulação da Resposta Inflamatória Aguda (AIR) após indução de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal (I/Ri) e a participação do HIF-1&alpha; neste fenótipo. Camundongos selecionados para alta (AIRmax) e baixa (AIRmin) AIR foram submetidos a I/Ri e avaliados em diferentes períodos de reperfusão (0, 1, 4 e 24h). Nossos resultados demonstraram maior sensibilidade da linhagem AIRmax frente a I/Ri, confirmada por: 1) maior mobilização de neutrófilos para circulação periférica; 2) maior adesão celular e aumento da migração granulocítica no intestino e pulmão; 3) aumento da expressão de genes de citocinas e daqueles expressos em hipóxia (Tnfa, Il1, Il6 e Hif1a); 4) Translocação Bacteriana (TB); 5) maior expressão pulmonar da proteína HIF-1&alpha; e de proteínas envolvidas em processos inflamatórios tais como S100A9, Anexina 1, Profilina 1, Tropomiosina. Por outro lado, a linhagem AIRmin foi considerada pouco responsiva aos efeitos da I/Ri. Diante do exposto, nós concluímos que a sensibilidade dos camundongos AIRmax à injuria após indução de IRi está associada ao agravamento da inflamação sistemica, a qual foi determinada pela indução de HIF-1&alpha; atrelada à expressão de proteínas pró- inflamatórias e TB, indicando o compartilhamento ou a co- segregação entre os genes envolvidos na AIR e na hipóxia. / Changes in oxygen transport mechanism (O2) frequent in inflammation, infection, tumors, transplantation and ischemia, lead to tissue hypoxia. Reactive species of O2 are produced and inflammatory cytokines are released triggering a series of events, which are amplified after blood flow refund resulting in systemic inflammation. In the present study, we characterized the regulation of Acute Inflammatory Response (AIR) after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/Ri) induction and the involvement of HIF-1&alpha; in this phenotype. Mice selected for high (AIRmax) and low (AIRmin) AIR were subjected to I/Ri and evaluated in different periods of reperfusion (0, 1, 4 and 24h). Our results show sensitivity of AIRmax front line I/Ri, confirmed by: 1) higher neutrophils mobilization to peripheral circulation; 2) increase in cell adhesion and granulocyte migration in lung and intestine; 3) higher expression of cytokine genes and those expressed in hypoxia (TNFa, IL-1, IL-6 and HIF1a); 4) Bacterial Translocation (BT), 5) increase in HIF-1&alpha; pulmonary protein expression and those involved in inflammatory processes such as S100A9, Annexin 1, profilin 1 Tropomyosin. On the other hand, the AIRmin line was considered unresponsive to effects of I/Ri. We concluded that the I/Ri sensitivity of the AIRmax mice were associated with worsening of systemic inflammation, which was determined by HIF-1&alpha; induction linked to the expression of pro- inflammatory proteins and TB, indicating the share and/or co-segregation of the genes involved in AIR.
38

Etudes pharmacologiques d'un modèle cellulaire 2D/3D dans le cancer hépato-pancréatique / Pharmacological studies of a 2D / 3D cellular model in hepato-pancreatic cancer

Hassan, Sarah 05 July 2018 (has links)
Les cancers du foie et du pancréas sont classés parmi les cancers les plus fréquents et agressifs à travers le monde et présentent une résistance à la chimiothérapie. L'efficacité des médicaments anticancéreux est affectée par les activités des enzymes métaboliques, transporteurs membranaires et par l’environnement tumoral. Le but de notre thèse est 1) de développer un modèle cellulaire hépatique et caractériser les mécanismes sous-jacents de la modulation de l’expression et de la fonctionnalité des transporteurs membranaires et des enzymes clés qui régissent le métabolisme des médicaments et 2) d’évaluer in vitro, dans différents modèles cellulaires (hépatique et pancréatique) en 2D et 3D, l’effet apoptotique de médicaments anticancéreux associés à des polyphénols en vue d’optimiser leur activité. Dans une première partie, nous avons mis en place une nouvelle lignée cellulaire hépatique humaine dérivée des HepG2, stable, exprimant suffisamment et significativement les enzymes CYP450 et les transporteurs hépatiques (MRP2, MDR1 et OATP1B1). Ce modèle pourrait être un outil de choix pour des études précliniques de métabolisme et de prédiction d’hépatotoxicité. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons pu voir que les cellules pancréatiques et hépatiques dans un environnement 3D sont plus prédictives d’une tumeur in vivo et peuvent être un modèle de choix pour des études pharmacologiques de criblage de nouveaux médicaments anticancéreux ou des stratégies de combinaisons de molécules (avec des PP). Ainsi, nous avons montré que la quercétine, dans les cellules 3D, était capable d’augmenter l’activité de la gemcitabine et de la doxorubicine, en augmentant le taux des cellules mortes jusqu’à 60 %, par modulation des protéines MDR1 et par diminution significative du facteur HIF-1 alpha dans les cellules cancéreuses. En conclusion, les polyphénols peuvent être des molécules d’intérêt en combinaison avec des médicaments anticancéreux pour diminuer la résistance à ces traitements et servir d’outil pharmacologique pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes de résistance des cellules tumorales. / Liver and pancreatic cancers are among the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide that are resistant to chemotherapy. The efficacy of anticancer drugs is affected by the activities of metabolic enzymes, transporters and the tumor environment. The aim of my thesis was based on to main objectives: 1) developement of a hepatic cellular model and characterize the underlying mechanisms of modulation of the expression and functionality of transporters and key enzymes involved in the regulation of drug metabolism 2) study the effect of new strategies in vitro by combining anti-cancer drugs with polyphenols in these processes in order to optimize their activities on different cellular models (hepatic and pancreatic) in 2D and 3D cultures. Our results showed that we have developed a new human hepatic cell line derived from HepG2 cells. The novel cell line is a good in vitro model with a capacity of predicting hepatotoxicity of novel drugs with significant differences for chromosomes 5, 17 and 20 and high expression level of CYP450 and transporters (MRP2, MDR1 and OATP1B1). Secondly, our results indicate that the combination of anticancer drugs and polyphenols increased the rate of apoptosis in cancer cells by up regulation of the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and the regulator of apoptosis p53. Moreover, our results demonstrated that polyphenols inhibit the efflux activity of MDR1. In addition, our results indicate that the combination of anti-cancer drugs and quercetin down regulated the expression of HIF-1α and increased the expression levels of the cleaved caspase-3 and p53 on human pancreatic and liver cell line cultured in 3D culture. In conclusion, polyphenols may be promising agents for novel combination therapy since they potentialize the cytotoxic activity of anticancer drugs to eradicate cancer and therefore the cellular resistance.
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Chemoresistenz als Folge einer Inhibition der zellulären Sauerstoffsensoren (Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase-Domäne) / Increased chemoresistance induced by inhibition of HIF-prolyl-hydroxylase domain enzymes.

Brökers, Nils 13 December 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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AMPK, signalisation hypoxique et métabolisme tumoral / AMPK, hypoxic signaling and tumor metabolism

Pelletier, Joffrey 01 July 2014 (has links)
Les tumeurs solides sont souvent confrontées à un environnement déficient en oxygène, dit hypoxique. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF1) est le facteur de transcription clé de l’adaptation cellulaire à l’hypoxie, régulant de nombreux gènes impliqués dans l’angiogenèse, le métabolisme cellulaire ou la régulation du pH. Ma thèse s’articule en trois axes autour de HIF1 et de la reprogrammation métabolique hypoxique. J’ai d’abord étudié Factor-Inhibiting HIF1 (FIH), l’un des deux senseurs d’oxygène régulant HIF1. Nous avons montré que FIH est essentiel dans le développement tumoral en inhibant à la fois l’activité transcriptionnelle de HIF1 et la voie p53-p21. J’ai ensuite étudié le « shift » du métabolisme cellulaire vers la glycolyse induit par HIF1, générant une addiction pour le glucose. Nos travaux ont montré que paradoxalement, les cellules hypoxiques synthétisent du glycogène via HIF1 constituant ainsi une réserve de glucose intracellulaire. Le glycogène confère alors une résistance accrue des cellules tumorales suite à une carence en glucose. Enfin, j’ai pu montrer que l’AMPK, « gardien de la balance énergétique », n’est pas nécessaire au maintien d’un niveau viable d’ATP suite à l’inhibition de la glycolyse, via le blocage de l’export de lactate, mais exerce, un effet protecteur en absence de glucose. Cependant, l’inhibition conjointe du transporteur de lactate, MCT4, et de l’AMPK réduit fortement le développement tumoral dans un modèle de xénogreffes chez la souris, suggérant un rôle crucial de ces deux acteurs dans ce contexte. L’ensemble de ces travaux a permis d’identifier plusieurs cibles potentielles impliquées dans la plasticité métabolique en hypoxie. / Cells of solid tumors are often exposed to an environment deficient in oxygen, i.e. hypoxic. The Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is the major transcription factor involved in cellular adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-1 regulates a wide array of genes involved in angiogenesis, cellular metabolism or pH regulation. My thesis is organized into three axes around HIF-1 and metabolic reprogramming in hypoxia. I first studied Factor-Inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH), one of two oxygen sensors regulating HIF-1. We showed that FIH is essential for tumor development through inhibition of the HIF-1 transcriptional activity as well as through the suppression of the p53-p21 axis. I then studied the HIF-1-induced « shift » in cellular metabolism toward glycolysis, which generates a type of “glucose addiction”. We showed that paradoxically, tumor cells store glycogen in hypoxia through a HIF-1 dependant mechanism. Glycogen served as a reservoir of intracellular glucose, which allows hypoxic cells to survive periods of glucose starvation. Finally, I studied AMPK «the guardian of energy », and showed that surprisingly, this kinase is not necessary in maintaining a viable level of ATP when glycolysis is inhibited (by blockade of lactate export). However, as expected, AMPK protected cells during glucose starvation. Moreover, combined inhibition of the lactate transporter MCT4 and of AMPK reduced dramatically tumor development in a xenograft model, suggesting a crucial role for these two actors in the context of growth of tumor cells in a hostile environment. Taken together these results identified several potential drug targets involved in the metabolic plasticity of hypoxic cells.

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