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The Cadastral authority has requested students who can help them to investigate the impact on price formation for chattel houses and the leasehold's opportunity to form an independent property. The aim of this study was to form a template that shows the price difference between Chattel houses that can form an independent property and those which cannot. The observed Chattel houses within this study has been delimited to be located inside Gävleborg´s county. A literature study followed by a qualitative and quantitative research method was used in order to investigate whether template can be established. The qualitative research method consisted of interviews with three different occupational categories, cadastral surveyors, property appraisers and banks. The objects of interest in this study were objects where the building and the land are owned by different owners, referred to as, Chattel house. Therefore the quantitative research method was used to analyze statistics of transferred Chattel houses for the period 2017-2019. To support the statistical analysis three hypotheses formulated for which factors that influences the price of Chattel houses. The results contains compiled answers from the interviews with the occupational categories followed by statistics and a local price analysis of the statistics. The study shows that there is a difference in price between Chattel houses that can form an independent property and Chattel houses that cannot. It also appears that the difference between the Chattel houses, that has been analyzed in this study, can be attributed to the geographical location of the objects. However, the size of the building does not have a direct impact on an increased transfer price

The work is devoted to The Memorial of Master John Hus as his presupposed birthplace. The first part deals with the history of this monument, it brings the summary of proprietary relations and maps the care about this historical object and the looks of Hus{\crq}s house. It also deals with the honour to the personality of Master John Hus and its forms through the historical periods. There are the oldest mentions about this respect, some legends, celebrations and other forms of respect in various periods. The second part deals with contemporary effort of professional public which is aimed to preparation of a new expozition in the Memorial of Master john Hus in Husinec. This preparation started in 2004 - 2005 by means of professional lectures. Finally the work introduces the project The Restoration of the Birthplace of Master John Hus which reakts on professional discussions from previous years and which is the alternative solution of current renewal of actual expozition installed in 1975. There is also pictured enclosure prezenting previous and current looks of Hus{\crq}s birthplace.

År 1966 påbörjades bygget av Utvandrarnas Hus. Avsett att rymma Svenska Emigrantinstitutets arkiv, bibliotek och utställningar. Ursprungligen utformades byggnaden av arkitekten Bent Jörgen Jörgensen. Huset har byggts om och byggts till i flera omgångar för att anpassas till rådande omständigheter. Utvandrarnas Hus har många möjligheter men också problem i sin utformning. I denna rapport struderas hur funktionell den befintliga planlösningen är för de verksamheter som nyttjar lokalerna och vilka svårigheter som uppstår i användandet. Identifieringen av problemen sker genom samtal och intervjuer med de som arbetar i och med byggnaden. Som komplement utförs en personlig platsstudie med egna iakttagelser för att försöka förstå arkitekturens funktioner. Målet är att identifiera problem i husets planlösning och ge förslag på hur dessa kan åtgärdas genom att presentera olika gestaltningslösningar.

Havets Hus i Lysekil bedriver en anläggning med ett flertal havsvattenakvarium som innehåller fiskar och havsdjur från svenska havsvatten. Till anläggningen tas det kontinuerligt in nytt havsvatten från Gullmarsfjorden, till några av akva-rierna kyls det inkommande havsvattnet med hjälp av en kylmaskin. I dagsläget är kylmaskinen luftkyld, vilket är ineffek-tivt. Havets Hus vill undersöka möjligheten att effektivisera kylprocessen genom att kyla maskinen mer effektivt, undersö-ka om det går att ta vara på värmeenergin som annars släpps ut i luften eller på något annat sätt göra kylprocessen mer effektiv.Sex alternativ för effektivare kylning har tagits fram. Det finns två inriktningar på alternativen, antingen att förbättra den befintliga installationen genom att till exempel kyla dess kondensor mer effektivt med hjälp utav havsvatten eller att installera nya maskiner. Det finns också ett kompletteringsalternativ som går att kombinera med alla de andra alternativen och går ut på att installera en värmeväxlare mellan ingående havsvatten som ska kylas och utgående havsvatten från de kylda akvarierna. Alternativet som ger störst ekonomisk sparpotential går ut på att installera två nya kylmaskiner. En som är dimensionerad efter Havets Hus varmvattenbehov och som tar värme från det inkommande havsvattnet och en som fyller upp det resterande kylbehovet. De nya maskinerna fyller det totala kylbehovet på Havets Hus, det vill säga både kylbehovet för det inkommande havsvattnet och för ventilationssystemet. Alternativet kan spara Havets Hus ca 184 000-199 000 kr/år och tillsammans med en värmeväxlare kan det spara ca 202 000-223 000 kr/år.

The work offers a comprehensive preview of opinion streams on the theme of eschatology, final things or also the end of time , in various stages of the development of human society, whether Jewish or Christian, with an emphasis on the medieval period in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. Iťs based on the biblical texts of the Old and New Testaments, particularly on the New T estament text of the Book of Revelations. It deals with religious situation in the Middle Ages and simultaneously also with political, cultural and social factors. It reveals certain sources of heretical teachings, especially the Vaudois Church, from which eminent theologists' opinions crystallized and mentions the status of heretics in medieval society. It also covers the teachings of John Wycliffe. The work is divided into six parts, in which eschatological moods and vision that reigned i n contemporary societies are substantiated. It analyses them, and literary woeks document the main ideas and opinions of eminent reformátory scholars, such as for example Milíč of Kroměříž, Matěj of Janov, Master Jan Hus and Petr Chelčický. The work presen ts the teachings of these theological and philosophical personalities in the way that they are linked to one another in the issue of eschatology. The individual parts of the work present and...

My dissertation deals with personality of Jan Sádlo of Smilkov, who was a noble man in king's sevices and who lived at he turned of 13th and 14th century. Dissertation tries to express elemental aspects of his life, which determined his life and this dissertation also tries to complete missing information about his family, property and also tries to find in which community he could be found and with whom he kept in touch with and how can these persons influence his personality. Dissertation also deals with his career, mainly his activity in king's Václav IV. court, where he became a influential person, who became involved in political situation in country during the beginning of hussite revolution. In dissertation is also covered his political downfall and his death. Life of Jan Sádlo of Smilkov was in my dissertation shown as an exapmle of low nobleman who could due to political situation become influential person and who could become involved in political development. . Keywords gentry, court of Václav IV., holding, followers of Jan Hus, administrator of ro

Laborativa inslag har en central del i biologi och de naturvetenskapliga ämnenas undervisning. Ett syfte med laborativa inslag är att utbilda elever om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt. Studien har genomförts i Stockholms län, eleverna studerar på en skola gymnasieskola i en förort i Stockholm. I studien har gymnasieelever i årskurs 3 kunskaper om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt undersökts. Studien har även undersökt elevernas uppfattning om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt som innehåll i det naturvetenskapsprogrammet och under ett besök i en informell lärmiljö, Vetenskapens Hus. Intresset för laborativa inslag i informella lärmiljöer växer och attraherar varje år många elever. Elevernas kunskaper om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt har undersökts med hjälp av frågeformuläret Views of Scientific Inquiry (VASI). VASI-testet undersöker 8 olika aspekter av kunskap om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt. För att undersöka elevernas uppfattning om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt som innehåll i det naturvetenskapsprogrammet och under ett besök i en informell lärmiljö genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer enskilt. Intervjuerna analyserades med metoderna meningskoncentrering och meningstolkning. Studiens resultat visade på att gymnasieelevernas kunskaper om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt i hög utsträckning är naiv. Eleverna uppfattade att deras undervisning om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt har bestått av endast en introduktionslektion till det naturvetenskapsprogrammet och därefter undervisas i hög utsträckning implicit. Elevernas uppfattade inte att de lärde sig något om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt under besöket på Vetenskapens Hus. Elevernas resultat i VASI-testen sammanvävt med elevernas uppfattning om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt som innehåll i det naturvetenskapsprogrammet visar ett behov av undervisning om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt. Undervisningen bör lägga mer fokus och explicit undervisa eleverna om naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt i ordinarie undervisning och i laborativa inslag.

Les toxines Shiga (Stx) sont produites par Shigella dysenteriae et certaines espèces d’E. coli transmisent aux humains par la consommation d'aliments contaminés et causant des maladies graves. La toxine Stx est libérée par les bactéries dans l'intestin et par la suite, traverse les vaisseaux sanguins en aval pour atteindre leurs principaux organes cibles, notamment les reins. Les dommages causés aux reins peuvent entraîner des complications graves notamment Le syndrome hémolytique urémique (SHU). A ce jour, il n’existe aucun traitement disponible contre le SHU. Les toxines Stx usent du transport rétrograde intracellulaire pour infester les cellules endothéliales rénales et atteindre leur cible cytosolique, l'ARN ribosomal 28S. Via un screening à haut débit, il a été démontré que le composé Rétro-2 bloque le trafic rétrograde de Stx à l'interface Endosome-TGN, sans affecter la morphologie des organites cellulaires et le trafic des protéines endogènes. Au cours de cette thèse, une analyse des relations structure fonction du composé Retro-2 nous a permis d’identifier les régions de l'inhibiteur qui sont critiques pour l'activité de protection. Nous avons identifié un dérivé dihydroquinazolinone nommé Rétro-2.1 qui est à ce jour l'inhibiteur le plus puissant contre les toxines Stx. Afin d’identifier la cible moléculaire de Retro-2.1, nous avons développé des sondes photo-activables bio-actives. En outre, les données de diffraction des rayons X ont révélé que de l'activité antitoxine réside principalement dans l’énantiomère S. (S) -Retro-2.1 est 500 fois plus puissant contre Stx (50 nM) que la molécule initiale. Cette étude peut donner lieu à un nouveau concept thérapeutique ciblant la voie de transport rétrograde de la toxine à l'intérieur de la cellule hôte. Une telle stratégie thérapeutique pourrait donc être étendue à d'autres agents pathogènes qui usent également du trafic rétrograde pour une intoxication des cellules hôtes. Ce nouveau concept thérapeutique qui permet de cibler les cellules hôtes et non l'agent pathogène représente une véritable percée dans la découverte de médicaments à large spectre et réduit le risque de développement d’une résistance chez l’agent pathogène. / Shiga toxins (Stx) are produced by Shigella dysenteriae and certain species of E. coli that can be transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated foods and may cause severe disease. Stx is released by the bacteria in the intestine and subsequently, could cross the downstream blood vessels to reach their main target organs such as kidney. Damage to the kidney can result in serious life-threatening complication hemolytic uremic syndrome, for which there is no proven safe treatment available other than supportive care. Stx invades renal endothelial cells in a retrograde manner from cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum in order to gain access to its cytosolic target, 28S rRNA. By using HTS, it was previously demonstrated that the compound Retro-2 blocks retrograde trafficking of Stx at the early endosome-TGN interface, without affecting the morphology of cellular organelles and trafficking of other endogenous proteins. In this work, different regions of the lead inhibitor Retro-2 that are critical for the protective activity have been determined by systematic structure-activity relationship studies. It allowed us to identify a dihydroquinazolinone derivative, named Retro-2.1 that is the most potent inhibitor of Stx to date and also to develop bio-active photo-activatable probes with the aim of identifying the molecular target of Retro-2 derivatives. Further, crystal X-ray diffraction data revealed that the antitoxin activity resides mainly in the S-enantiomer. (S)-Retro-2.1 has displayed 500 fold more potency (50 nM) than parent molecule against Stx cytotoxicity. This study may result in a new therapeutic concept - targeting the retrograde transport route of toxin inside host cell - for the treatment of Stx-producing E. coli infections and could therefore be extended to other pathogens that also traffic via the retrograde transport. Such a new therapeutic concept that target the host cells and not the pathogen itself would represent a real breakthrough in drug discovery leading to broad spectrum drugs.

Infecções associadas a cepas da Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), podem causar manifestações clínicas sendo a Síndrome Hemolítica Urêmica (SHU), a complicação mais severa. SHU está relacionada a presença da toxina de Shiga do tipo 2 (Stx2) e até o momento não se dispõe de uma vacina ou tratamentos efetivos para uso em humanos. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver uma vacina baseada no derivado atóxico contendo a subunidade B e a porção A2 da subunidade A denominado Stx2ΔAB. Após expressão em linhagens de E.coli e tentativas iniciais de purificação, resultaram na formação de agregados proteicos. Ajustes nas condições de cultivo e purificação permitiram obter a proteína na forma de monômero da subunidade B, mas sem a presença da porção A2. O antígeno foi incorporado a lipossomas multilamelares (MLVs), combinados ao lipídio A e administrados por via subcutânea a camundongos. Animais imunizados desenvolveram anticorpos sistêmicos específicos contra Stx2 capazes de neutralizar a toxina in vitro e conferir proteção parcial a animais desafiados com dose letal da toxina. Em conclusão, o trabalho confirmou o potencial vacinal do antígeno e validou a estratégia baseada na incorporação do antígeno às MLVs como estratégia de imunização. / Infections associated with strains of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), can cause clinical manifestations are the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the most severe complication. HUS is related to the presence of Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) and yet do not have a vaccine or effective treatments for use in humans. This work aimed to develop a vaccine based on non-toxic derivative containing the B subunit and the A2 portion of the subunit called Stx2ΔAB. After expression in E. coli strains and initial purification attempts resulted in the formation of protein aggregates. Adjustments in the cultivation and purification conditions have enabled the protein as the monomer subunit B but without the presence of the A2 portion. The antigen was incorporated into multilamellar liposomes (MLVs), the combined lipid A and administered subcutaneously to mice. immunized animals develop systemic antibodies specific against Stx2 able to neutralize toxin in vitro and to confer partial protection when challenged with a lethal dose of toxin. In conclusion, the study confirmed the potential vaccine antigen and validated strategy based on antigen incorporation into MLVs as immunization strategy.