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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Mayanny Carla de Carvalho Lima - 2014.pdf: 1796303 bytes, checksum: c0641cf70a66e7b2a235ae25a90eadf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Knowing fish embryonic and larval development is essential to understand species biology, supply chain development and studies of breeding and reproduction of fish technology. This study aimed was to describe Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and its hybrid tambatinga (♀C. Macropomum x ♂ P. brachypomus). embryonic and larval development. The experiment was conducted in Buritizal Fish Farm, located in Palmeiras de Goiás district. It was used three Tambaqui females, three pirapitinga females, five males tambaqui and five pirapitinga in reproductive age. Reproduction was performed by hormonal induction. Eggs were incubated in vertical incubators of 200L water capacity. Sampling took place at pre-determined time from the moment of extrusion of oocytes to 84 hours after fertilization. Samples were fixed in formalin buffered saline to 10% immediately after collection, and examined under a stereomicroscope. Tambaqui and pirapitinga females produced spherical, non-adhesive, translucent oocytes. During embryonic development stage of the zygote, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula, organogenesis and hatching were observed. The vegetative pole remained undivided throughout embryonic development, characterizing segmentation type meroblastic discoidal, typical egg yolk with large amounts. Pirapitinga and tambaqui eggs hatched 15 hours or 422 hours-degree after fertilization, tambatinga hybrid eggs hatched 14 hours or 394 hours-degree after fertilization, at an average temperature of 28.13 ± 0,06ºC. Parental species and hybrid under study showed characteristic embryonic and larval of telolecithal fish with eggs, wherein the newly hatched larvae, has not yet fully formed, all organic systems, limited to a few organs, and depending on the yolk for nourishment . No morphological difference in embryonic and larval development of hybrid tambatinga regarding parental species was observed. / O conhecimento do desenvolvimento embrionário e larval dos peixes é essencial para o entendimento da biologia das espécies, desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva e estudos de melhoramento genético e de tecnologia da reprodução de peixes. Assim, objetivou-se descrever o desenvolvimento embrionário e larval do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) e do seu híbrido tambatinga (♀C. macropomum x ♂ P. brachypomus). O experimento foi realizado na Piscicultura Buritizal, localizada no município de Palmeiras de Goiás. Foram utilizados três fêmeas tambaqui, três fêmeas pirapitinga, cinco machos tambaqui e cinco machos pirapitinga em idade reprodutiva. A reprodução foi realizada através de indução hormonal. Os ovos foram incubados em incubadoras verticais, com capacidade para 200L d’água. As amostragens ocorreram em tempos pré-determinados, desde o momento da extrusão dos ovócitos até 84 horas após a fertilização. As amostras foram fixadas em solução formol salina tamponada a 10% imediatamente após a coleta e analisadas em estereomicróscopio. As fêmeas de tambaqui e pirapitinga produziram ovócitos esféricos, não adesivos e translúcidos. Durante o período de desenvolvimento embrionário foram observadas as fases de zigoto, clivagem, mórula, blástula, gástrula, organogênese e eclosão. O polo vegetativo permaneceu indivisível durante todo o desenvolvimento embrionário, caracterizando o tipo de segmentação meroblástica discoidal, típica de ovos com grandes quantidades de vitelo. Os ovos de tambaqui e pirapitinga eclodiram 15 horas ou 422 horas-grau após a fertilização, já os ovos do híbrido tambatinga eclodiram 14 horas ou 394 horas-grau após a fertilização, à temperatura média de 28,13±0,06ºC. As espécies parentais e o híbrido em estudo apresentaram desenvolvimento embrionário e larval característico dos peixes com ovos telolécitos, na qual a larva recém eclodida, ainda não apresenta todos os sistemas orgânicos completamente formados, limitada a poucos órgãos, e ainda dependente do vitelo para sua nutrição. Não foi observado nenhuma diferença morfológica no desenvolvimento embrionário e larval do híbrido tambatinga em relação as espécies parentais.

Abstract Atlantic salmon is one of the most widely known migratory fish species whose populations have declined because of hydropower installations. Attempts have been made to preserve salmon stocks in regulated rivers by building fishways for adult fish migrating upstream, but downstream migration of salmon smolts has been almost totally ignored. Instead, captive breeding programmes and extensive stocking of hatchery-reared salmon smolts have been initiated to compensate for highly reduced natural production and to maintain salmon yields. In recent decades, demands to reduce the environmental effects of hydropower production, together with public awareness of decreasing recapture rate and yield of stocked salmon, have increased calls for rebuilding wild salmon stocks in rivers modified for hydropower production. As a consequence, survival of salmon smolts during downstream migration and the effects of hatchery rearing and stocking methods are now research topics of high importance. This thesis examined the need for modifications to the current standard hatchery rearing and release methods, determined the effects of commonly used tagging methods and investigated the impacts of river regulation on the survival and behaviour of downstream migrating smolts by applying telemetry techniques. Modifications made to the standard rearing processes noticeably affected the physiology, behaviour and survival of salmon smolts. In addition, the timing of release was shown to be a key factor for the survival of released smolts. Therefore, comprehensive rearing of smolts, and improving current release methods, especially to match the timing of release to the migration window of wild smolts, are high priorities. Observations in semi-natural environments indicated that commonly used tagging methods had only slight effects on the survival of smolts, so they can be freely used to examine smolt performance. However, more information on rearing and stocking processes and tagging methods is still needed to fully verify the present findings in field conditions. Finally, increasing smolt survival during their downstream migration in regulated rivers is an urgent issue, as survival of smolts was found to be six-fold lower within a river section with five hydropower dams than in a corresponding section of a free-flowing river. In future salmon stock rebuilding actions in regulated rivers, safeguarding downstream migration of smolts should be considered as an equally important issue to safeguarding upstream migration of spawners. / Tiivistelmä Lohen kannat ovat taantuneet jokien vesivoimarakentamisen seurauksena. Rakennettujen jokien katkenneita vaellusyhteyksiä on pyritty avaamaan rakentamalla kalateitä ylävirtaan vaeltavia aikuisia lohia varten, mutta alavirtaan vaeltavat kalat ovat jääneet lähes huomiotta. Samanaikaisesti kalankasvatus ja massiiviset poikasistutukset ovat olleet suuressa roolissa lohikantojen ylläpitämisessä. Viime vuosikymmeninä istutustulosten heikkeneminen ja toisaalta yleisemminkin lisääntynyt kiinnostus ympäristöasioita kohtaan ovat lisänneet halukkuutta palauttaa lohikantojen luontaista lisääntymistä rakennettuihin jokiin. Tämän seurauksena kasvatus- ja istutusmenetelmien vaikutukset lohen poikasiin sekä vaelluksen onnistuminen rakennetuilla joilla ovatkin nousseet tärkeiksi tutkimusaiheiksi. Väitöskirjani tavoitteena oli selvittää telemetriatekniikoiden avulla nykyisin käytössä olevien kasvatus- ja istutusmenetelmien, yleisesti käytössä olevien kalamerkintätapojen sekä joen patoamisen vaikutusta lohen vaelluspoikasten jokivaelluksen onnistumiseen. Poikaskasvatuksen aikaiset muutokset vaikuttivat vaelluspoikasten kokoon, fysiologiaan ja käyttäytymiseen. Lisäksi kasvatuskäytäntöjä muuttamalla saatiin tuotettua enemmän luonnonpoikasia muistuttavia istukkaita kuin perinteisellä kasvatusmenetelmällä. Istutusajankohta osoittautui myös tärkeäksi selittäjäksi vaelluspoikasten eloonjäännissä. Kasvatusmenetelmien muuttaminen paremmin luonnonolosuhteita vastaaviksi ja istutusajankohdan sovittaminen luonnonpoikasten luonnolliseen vaellusaikaan olisivat tarpeellisia muutoksia nykyisiin kasvatus- ja istutuskäytäntöihin. Yleisesti käytössä olevat kalamerkintätavat soveltuvat vaelluspoikastutkimuksiin, sillä eri merkintämenetelmien vaikutukset vaelluspoikasten kasvuun ja käyttäytymiseen olivat vähäisiä kokeellisissa olosuhteissa tehdyssä tutkimuksessa. Lisää tietoa kuitenkin tarvitaan kasvatus- ja istutusmenetelmien sekä merkintätapojen vaikutuksista luonnonolosuhteissa. Lohen vaelluspoikasten selviytymistä alasvaelluksesta rakennetuilla joilla tulee parantaa merkittävästi, sillä vapaasti virtaavassa joessa vaelluspoikasten selviytymisen havaittiin olevan kuusinkertainen rakennettuun jokeen verrattuna. Lohikantojen palauttamishankkeissa on palaavien aikuislohien kutuvaelluksen rinnalla kiinnitettävä erityistä huomiota myös vaelluspoikasten jokivaelluksen onnistumiseen.

Com o aumento, a cada ano, dos alojamentos na cadeia de produção avícola, a disseminação de doenças ficou facilitada. Nos lotes de aves, a fase inicial tem principal importância no que tange à contaminação por Salmonella Enteritidis, devido a maior sensibilidade às infecções pela ausência de uma flora intestinal completa e a imaturidade do sistema imune. Avaliaram-se, neste estudo, os benefícios na progênie do uso de uma vacina inativada em adjuvante oleoso para Salmonella Enteritidis, em matrizes pesadas, através de coleta de ovos bicados e pintos natimortos no incubatório, bem como suabes de arrasto nos aviários de frangos de corte. Observou-se que a imunização das matrizes conferiu uma proteção para suas progênies, tanto em ovos bicados, pintos natimortos coletados no incubatório no dia do nascimento, bem como em granjas de frango de corte, onde foram coletados suabes de arrasto entre 21 e 30 dias. Em ovos bicados foram analisadas 850 amostras, sendo que nos lotes vacinados tiveram 10 amostras (1,18%) positivas, e, nos lotes não vacinados tiveram 288 amostras (33,88%) positivas. Em pintos natimortos foram analisados 850 amostras, sendo os lotes vacinados tiveram 16 amostras (1,88%) positivas e nos lotes não vacinados tiveram 210 amostras positivas (24,70%). Em suabe de arrasto, nas granjas de frangos de corte, foram analisadas 502 amostras para lotes não vacinados; sendo 22 amostras positivas (4,38%). Nos lotes vacinados foram analisados 475 amostras, sendo 6 amostras positivas (1,26%). Os resultados obtidos nos levam a concluir que a vacina de Salmonella Enteritidis inativada em adjuvante oleoso, propicia uma imunidade passiva para as progênies das matrizes de corte que foram vacinadas, proporcionando uma redução significativa a infecções precoces pela bactéria. / With the increase of households in the poultry production chain each year, the spread of diseases was facilitated. In lots of birds, the initial phase has primary importance regarding to contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis, due to a bigger sensitivity to the infections by the absence of a complete gut and the immaturity of the immune system. In this study it was evaluated, the benefits of using the progeny of an inactivated vaccine in oil adjuvant for Salmonella Enteritidis in the main weighted broilers, through collection of eggs pecked and hatchery stillbirth chicks, as well as drag swabs on poultry broiler. It was observed that immunization of matrices gave a protection to their progeny, both egg pecked, hatchery stillborn chicks collected on the day of birth, and in broiler farms, where the drag swabs were collected between 21 and 30 days. In pecked eggs were analyzed 850 samples, being that in the vaccinated lots 10 samples (1.18%) were positive and in non-vaccinated lots 288 samples (33.88%) were positive. In stillbirths chicks were analyzed 850 samples, and in the vaccinated lots were 16 samples (1.88%) positive and in the unvaccinated lots, 210 were positives samples (24.70%). In the drag swab in broiler farms, 502 samples were analyzed for non-vaccinated lots, with 22 positive samples (4.38%). In the vaccinated lots were analyzed 475 samples and six positive samples (1.26%). The results lead us to conclude that the Salmonella Enteritidis inactivated vaccine in oil adjuvant, provides passive immunity to the progeny of broiler breeder flocks were vaccinated, providing a significant reduction in early infections by bacteria.

<p>Many salmonid populations are supported through captive breeding programs in which hatchery production supplies fish for reintroduction or supplementation efforts. In Lake Champlain, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are the subject of a reintroduction effort that is complicated by the occurrence of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in adult salmon returning to spawn. This deficiency results in high offspring mortality rates that must be mitigated by hatchery interventions (reviewed in Chapter 1). I used an experimental transcriptomics approach coupled with survival analyses to assess genetic variation in thiamine deficiency outcomes (i.e., survival at the family level) and identified candidate genes that may comprise a putatively adaptive response to selection imposed by thiamine deficiency (Chapter 2). Using sequence data from this study, I next compared patterns of genetic variation in the Lake Champlain population against two other populations to identify signatures of selection associated with hatchery rearing environment and differences in life history strategies (Chapter 3). Finally, I surveyed salmonid populations for density-dependent effects of adult spawning density on per capita fitness and found that in many cases, hatchery releases can contribute to decreased individual fitness. Using genotype data for returning adults in multiple populations, I also tested for reductions in effective population size (Ne) associated with hatchery supplementation and describe how increasing hatchery contribution to a population decreases Ne (Chapter 4). Together, my results demonstrate the powerful influences of hatchery supplementation on salmonid populations and suggest that specific modifications to hatchery practices can limit negative impacts of captive breeding on population genetic and demographic characteristics.</p>

Play is a behavior mainly observed in young individuals that can differ greatly between species in both function and appearance. Presence of play indicates positive experiences in animals, making play a useful assessment tool for animal welfare. Commercial hatcheries expose chicks to several stressors that can affect both behavior and welfare. Unfortunately, our understanding of play behavior in chickens is still limited as only a few studies have been conducted.Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the ontogeny of various play behaviors in modern laying hens and to investigate how stress affects play behavior in chicks. A total of 80 chicks were used whereas 40 were hatched at a hatchery and 40 were hatched under controlled conditions. The chicks were tested in groups of four in enriched test arenas twice a week during five weeks. Each test lasted 30 minutes and novel objects were placed inside the arena after 10 and 20 minutes. Behaviors were noted while analyzing videos from the experiment using one–zero sampling and later divided into the categories of solitary, social, and total play. A linear mixed model with repeated measures was used to investigate how treatment, age, and the interaction treatment*age affect play behavior. Chicks played more during certain ages and all forms of play showed a similar change with age over both treatments. The amount of play did not differ significantly between treatments but there was a numerical (non-significant) tendency for hatchery chicks to play more, which may indicate compensatory play.

Effects of exercise and the relative condition of exercised fish were viii evaluated for two strains of rainbow trout. Circular tanks fitted with a paddle were used to continuously exercise the fish and a stamina tunnel was used to evaluate the condition of exercised trout. Trout were exercised continuously at one fish-length per second and one-half fish length per second. Serum LDH activity in Shephard-of-the-Hills (Missouri) rainbow trout acclimated to 10 C increased two fold during the first four days of exercise. Serum LDH activity returned to control levels by the tenth day of exercise. Serum LDH activity in Shephard-of-the-Hills rainbow trout exercised at one-half length per second did not increase significantly. Serum LDH activity in Fish Lake stock acclimated to 17 C did not increase significantly. Shephard-of-the-Hills and Fish Lake rainbow trout exercised at one length per second were better conditioned to water velocities of two lengths per second than were controls.

The mechanisms of mortality during critical life stages of fish are not well-understood and, for many species, it is not clear if the mechanisms are similar for naturally and artificially propagated individuals. For Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), natural fish potentially face negative interactions, such as competition, and survival disadvantages, such as smaller size, that may limit survival when in association with hatchery fish. To better understand the mechanisms of mortality for hatchery and natural Chinook salmon during the critical early marine residence stage, I: (1) developed a model to discriminate between hatchery and natural juveniles using otolith structure; (2) directly compared migratory patterns of hatchery and natural juveniles; and (3) determined if there was evidence for selective mortality during early marine residence. I followed two cohorts through space and time by collecting juveniles from May-September in the Columbia River estuary and off the coast in September of 2010 and 2011. I compared attributes of those juveniles when they firstentered marine waters with those of survivors after their first summer at sea. I used a combination of genetic stock identification, otolith chemistry and structure, and physical tags to determine stock of origin, size at and timing of freshwater emigration, marine growth, and production type (hatchery or natural). I focused on the subyearling life history of a federally managed genetic stock group (upper Columbia River summer and fall Chinook salmon, UCR Su/F) because: 1) it is an abundant stock group; 2) subyearlings may be more vulnerable to size-selective mortality than yearlings; and 3) it is currently impossible to assess impacts of hatchery production due to low rates of marking the hatchery fish within this stock group. The classification model included two metrics, the presence or absence of a previously unreported transfer check associated with hatchery rearing and variability in otolith increment width, and predicted production type with a 92% jack-knifed accuracy. Overall, timing of marine entry was similar for hatchery and natural UCR Su/F juveniles, which entered marine waters from May-September with a peak in July and August in both years. Estuarine residence times were brief: 80% of the individuals captured in the estuary had resided in saline waters for < 3 days and mean estuarine residence was significantly greater (7 ± 1.3 d) in 2010 than 2011 (1 ± 0.3 d). The only clear difference was that natural individuals captured in the estuary in 2011 migrated to saline waters earlier (July 13th ± 4 d) than hatchery conspecifics (August 10th ± 6 d). However, the timing of marine entry was similar (July 27th ± 1 d) between hatchery and natural fish collected later in the ocean. This observation could be due to differential survival related to the timing of marine entry. Alternatively, estuarine collections may not have adequately represented the emigrating population due to rapid emigration. I documented clear spatial overlap between production types during early marine residence but no difference in median size at marine entry (100 ± 3.5 mm), size at capture (152 ± 4.0 mm), or marine growth (0.94 ± 0.1 %b l d-1). There were also no significant differences in size at marine entry between estuary and ocean collections, which indicates that size-selective mortality had not occurred. Based on both external tags and the otolith classification model, the mean percentage of natural fish in ocean collections was 17% (± 4.8) greater than in the Columbia River estuary; this finding may indicate that estuarine collections are biased to hatchery fish or, more likely, that natural fish survived at higher rates than hatchery fish. Increased survival of natural fish may be related to greater selection pressure during freshwater rearing and prior experience with predators. This study provides the first direct stock-specific comparison of juvenile migratory behavior in natural and hatchery juvenile Columbia River Chinook salmon during early marine residence. Further research is needed to determine if natural fish consistently survive better than hatchery conspecifics and, if so, determine the specific traits and behaviors that afford a survival advantage. / Graduation date: 2013

O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as condições microclimáticas da sala de pintos de um incubatório comercial e suas interações com os diferentes tempos de espera, e a influência da etapa pré-porteira sobre o desempenho inicial de frangos de corte. Para isso, realizou-se um experimento dividido em duas fases: incubatório e granja de criação. Na primeira fase foram pesados e selecionados 1440 ovos férteis, todos provenientes de mesma granja matrizeira, divididos em três lotes iguais, referentes às idades de matrizes de 46(A), 54(B) e 64(C) semanas, da linhagem Cobb 500. Todos os ovos foram estocados e incubados sob as mesmas condições. Após o nascimento, seleção e sexagem, o total de 882 pintos foi dividido em 18 tratamentos. Cada tratamento continha em média 50 animais, referentes ao sexo (S), idade da matriz (M) e tempo de espera (E) no incubatório (0h, 14h e 28h). Adotou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), num esquema fatorial (2x3x3) para S, M e E. As variáveis respostas foram mortalidade (Mo), refugagem (R), peso (P), temperatura cloacal (TC), temperatura superficial média (TSM) e frequência respiratória (FR). Os dados foram submetidos à análise da variância e comparação múltipla de médias por meio do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Uma caracterização microclimática da sala de pintos foi realizada por meio de perfil térmico de temperatura e umidade relativa. A segunda fase ocorreu em um aviário comercial climatizado, do tipo dark-house, com ventilação em sistema de pressão negativa, localizado no município de Cerquilho, estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados os 882 pintos provenientes da primeira fase. Ao chegarem do incubatório à granja, os pintos foram imediatamente alojados e separados em 18 boxes, de acordo com os tratamentos. Consumiram ração e água ad libitum, e foram submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos de manejo, dietas nutricionais e condições microclimáticas durante todo o período experimental. Foi realizada uma caracterização microclimática da granja por meio do perfil térmico de temperatura e umidade relativa. As aves foram pesadas ao 7°, 14° e 21° dias. Adotou-se um DIC, num esquema fatorial (2x3x3), para S, M e E. Os dados de P foram submetidos à análise da variância e comparações múltiplas de médias por meio do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Para as variáveis respostas Mo, R, mortalidade total (MT), ganho médio de peso diário (GPD), conversão alimentar (CA) e índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP), foi realizada uma análise descritiva. As condições microclimáticas, a matriz (M), o sexo (S) e o tempo de espera (E) influenciaram a qualidade de pintos de um dia. Considerando-se P como o parâmetro de avaliação, o tempo de E de 0h foi o melhor. Pintos oriundos da matriz C apresentaram menores perdas de peso. As condições climáticas, a idade das matrizes, o sexo e o tempo de espera, influenciaram no desempenho dos frangos aos 21 dias. Para frangos de corte aos 21 dias, os pintos da matriz B e o tempo de E de 14h, apresentaram os melhores resultados de IEP. / The main objective of this research was to evaluate microclimatic conditions of chicks room from a commercial hatchery and its interactions with different lairage times, and the influence of post-hatching phase under the performance in the starter phase of broiler chickens. Thereunto, an experiment divided in two distinct phases was done: in the hatchery and in the poultry house. In the first phase 1440 fertile eggs were weighted and selected, from the same poultry farm, divided in three equals groups, related to breeders age of 46(A), 54(B) and 64(C) weeks, from Cobb 500 strain. All eggs were stocked and incubated under the same conditions. After birth, chicks were selected and sexed, and the total of 822 one-day-old chickens was divided in 18 treatments. Each treatment had an average of 50 animals, relative to gender (G), breeders age (B) and lairage time (L) in the hatchery (0h, 14h and 28h). A completely randomized design (CRD) was adopted, in a factorial scheme (2x3x3), to G, B and L. answer variables were mortality (Mo), waste (Wa), weight (We), cloacal temperature (CT), mean surface temperature (MST) and respiration rate (RR). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and multiple comparison of means by Tukeys test (p<0,05). A microclimatic characterization of chicks room was done through thermal profile of temperature and relative humidity. The second phase was performed in an acclimatized dark-house poultry house, with ventilation in a negative pressure system, located in the city of Cerquilho, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The same 822 one-day-old chickens from the first phase were studied in this phase. After the transportation from hatchery to the farm, chicks were immediately housed and divided in 18 pens, in accordance to the treatments. Animals consumed diet and water ad libitum, and were submitted to the same handling procedures, nutritional diets and microclimatic conditions through experimental period. A microclimatic characterization of the poultry house was done through temperature and relative humidity thermal profile. Birds were weighted at 7th, 14th and 21st days of life. Was adopted a CRD, in a factorial scheme (2x3x3), to G, B and L. We data were submitted to analysis of variance and multiple comparison of means by Tukeys test (p<0,05). To answer variables Mo, Wa, total mortality (TM), average daily weight gain (DWG), feed: weight gain ratio (FWGR) and productive efficiency index (PEI), a descriptive analysis was done. Microclimatic conditions, breeder (B), gender (G), and lairage time (L) influenced the quality of one-day-old chickens. Considering We as evaluation parameter, lairage time of 0h was considered the better one. Chicks from breeder C presented the lower losses of weight. Climatic conditions, breeders age, gender, and lairage time, influenced performance of broilers at 21 days of age. Considering PEI to broilers at 21 days, one-day-old chickens from breeder B and L time of 14h, presented better results.

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T15:13:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Fernanda_Souza.pdf: 933831 bytes, checksum: 43c42fb14ee5a88d9333bab1201bcb35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T17:53:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Fernanda_Souza.pdf: 933831 bytes, checksum: 43c42fb14ee5a88d9333bab1201bcb35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-03T17:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Fernanda_Souza.pdf: 933831 bytes, checksum: 43c42fb14ee5a88d9333bab1201bcb35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Sem bolsa / O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor e segundo maior exportador mundial de carne de perus. Mesmo com todo o prestígio e importância dessa cadeia produtiva, existem poucos trabalhos científicos voltados para ela, principalmente quando se trata de incubação de ovos. O manejo das matrizes no campo é de extrema importância para os resultados de uma empresa, assim como o manejo dos ovos e dos peruzinhos de um dia nos incubatórios. Esta dissertação trata do processo de incubação de ovos férteis de matrizes de perus visando obterem-se melhores resultados para incubatórios industriais. No experimento realizado foi avaliada a influência de três tratamentos (controle, 3 horas e 12 horas) de pré-aquecimento de ovos antes da estocagem, técnica que surge como alternativa para suprimir os efeitos negativos de uma estocagem prolongada. Paralelamente foram avaliados dois períodos de estocagem (5 e 12 dias) de ovos, cuja prática é cada vez mais utilizada em incubatórios por questões de fluxo de produção e padronização de lotes. As variáveis analisadas foram eclosão total, perda de peso do ovo até o momento da transferência (PPOT), relação peso do ovo e peso do peruzinho (RPO/RPP), peruzinhos eliminados, mortalidade embrionária por período de incubação e mortalidade total. Entre os tratamentos de pré-aquecimento, observou-se que o de 12 horas apresentou maior percentual de eclosão, menor percentual de peruzinhos eliminados e menor mortalidade da terceira e quarta semana de incubação. Em relação ao período de estocagem, o de 5 dias de duração proporcionou ganhos significativos para as variáveis de porcentagem de eclosão, mortalidade na fase final e mortalidade total quando comparado ao estoque de 12 dias. As variáveis PPOT e RPO/RPP mantiveram seus resultados dentro do percentual desejado pela indústria, demonstrando que não foram influenciadas negativamente por nenhum dos tratamentos de pré-aquecimento, nem pelos períodos de estocagem. / This dissertation Brazil is the third largest producer and second largest exporter of turkey meat. Even with all the prestige and importance of the supply chain, there are few scientific studies related to it, especially when it comes to egg incubation. The management of arrays in the field is of utmost importance to the results of a company, as well as the handling of eggs and poults a day in hatcheries. This paper deals with the incubation process fertile eggs from turkeys matrices order to obtain the best results for industrial hatcheries. In the experiment carried out to study the effect of three treatments (control,3 hours and 12 hours) preheating eggs before storage technique which is an alternative to suppress the negative effects of prolonged storage. In parallel we were evaluated two periods of storage (5 and 12 days) eggs, which practice is ever more utilized in hatcheries for production and standardization issues flow of lots. The variables analyzed were all hatching egg weight loss until the time of transfer (PPOT), egg weight ratio and weight poults (RPO/RPP), eliminated poults, embryonic mortality incubation period and total mortality. Among the preheat treatment, it was observed that the 12 hours had a higher percentage hatching, a lower percentage of poults eliminated and reduced mortality of the third and fourth week of incubation. Regarding the storage period, the 5 day period provided significant gains for hatching percentage of variables, mortality in the final phase and total mortality when compared to the stock of 12 days. The pPot and RPO / RPP results variables maintained within the industry desired percentage, showing that they were not negatively affected by any of the preheat treatment, or by storage periods.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-16T13:06:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Antonio Cerqueira.pdf: 307415 bytes, checksum: a0c882402c940a3ff2dd4c74fe826638 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T13:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Antonio Cerqueira.pdf: 307415 bytes, checksum: a0c882402c940a3ff2dd4c74fe826638 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-17 / The Tambaqui fish Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) , is a typical species from the amazon state, which the cultive to find oneself in ascendance, mainly with the increase of the post-larval production. This work has as objetive to determine the effect of the colors in the post-larval survival to the tambaqui fish during the incubation phases. The experiment was realized with the support a hatchery with the 60L of capacity, in the pisciculture station of Balbina, Amazon State, Brazil. The experiment was formed with four conditions and five replies to each. In the three conditions the hatcheries were envolved with cellophane sheets with differents colors and the last conditions the hatchery wasn’t envolved. Each condition was represented by a color : A- blue; M- brown; P- black and T- translucent (environmental light). To the experiments was obtained any effect of the colors on the fertilization (F(3;16) = 0,53, p > 0,05). However, the larval eclosion was influenceated by the colors: the “T” and “A” conditions presented the better performance (F(3;16) = 4,65, p < 0,05). The rate of the post-larval prodution was influenced by the colors too: the “T” and “M” conditons presente better income (F(3;16) = 4,76, p < 0,05). Thus is possible to suggest that in some phases of the fish reprodution was influenceated by the colors. / O tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) é uma espécie nativa de região Amazônica, cuja criação encontra-se em ascendência principalmente com o aumento da produção de pós-larvas, o que justifica o desenvolvimento de pesquisa visando otimizar a produção deste insumo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito da cor na sobrevivência de pós-larvas de tambaqui durante a incubação. O experimento foi realizado em incubadoras de 60L na estação de piscicultura de Balbina e constou de quatro condições, com cinco réplicas cada. Em três delas, as incubadoras foram envoltas com papel celofane de diferentes cores e na quarta condição (controle) as incubadoras não foram cobertas por papel. Cada uma delas representou uma condição: A - azul; M - marrom, P - preta e T - translúcida (cor natural). Não ocorreu efeito da cor sobre fertilização dos ovos (F(3;16) = 0,53, p > 0,05) cujas taxas variaram de 46,95%, na condição P a 56,95%, na condição T. No entanto, houve influência da cor na eclosão de larvas: as condições T, com taxa de 43,76% e A, com taxa de 30%, apresentaram melhor sobrevivência que as demais (F(3;16) = 4,65, p < 0,05). A taxa de produção de pós-larvas também foi influenciada pelas cores: as condições T, com taxa de 18,26% e M com taxa de 10,36%, apresentaram melhor sobrevivência (F(3;16) = 4,76, p < 0,05) do que as demais. Assim, é possível sugerir que as cores podem influenciar algumas fases da reprodução de peixes.