Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1628055 bytes, checksum: 5fbea21bd6abc49c7e677b65f48ff968 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Tuberculosis (TB) is still a great challenge for public health in Brazil and in the world, being the use of health services the center of functioning of the health systems. In this aspect, the form of organization of TB care should be a guaranteeing factor in the access to the early diagnosis of TB in the cities of Brazil. The time of TB diagnosis corresponds to the period between the beginning of the signs and symptoms and the closing of diagnosis, however the access to the diagnosis in the primary care seems to be hampered by several obstacles that need to be elucidated. The present study aimed to analyze, in the perception of the diseased, the use of health services in the Attention to TB diagnosis identifying the first health service sought by the diseased when they began to present signs and symptoms; the health services that made the diagnosis and the time elapsed between the search of the diseased for the health service and the diagnosis of TB and the association between components of accessibility and the type of service sought by the diseased. The execution of this research occurred by means of a sectional epidemiological inquiry of quantitative approach. The scenery of this investigation was the city of João Pessoa, in the state of Paraíba. The population of the study was composed by the diseased with TB (in treatment, older than 18 years, resident of the studied city), being the sample constituted of 101 patients. The data were collected by means of primary sources (interview with the diseased) and secondary sources (charts) digitalized and stored in electronic spreadsheet of Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and transferred to the Table of Data Entry of Software Statistica 9.0 of Statsoft for the application of Pearson s chi-square test. In the use of the association test, statistical significance, p<0.05, was evidenced between the first health service sought by the diseased and the localization of diagnosis, where the Family Health Strategy (FHS) was the first health service most sought by the diseased with 46.5% and the Tuberculosis Control Program (TCP) was the service that most made TB diagnosis with 54.4% of the cases. In regard to the time for the diagnosis of TB 84 (83.2%) of the diseased were diagnosed in the time interval less than or equal to 30 days. However, despite the existence of a decentralization of Health the FHS is still not efficient in what regards the guarantee of access to TB diagnosis, where the TCP continues to centralize the actions regarding TB diagnosis being characterized as main entryway of TB cases in the city of João Pessoa. Therefore efforts must be undertaken to transform this reality and make FHS the entryway for the access to TB diagnoses through more resolving health services make, articulated and structured to act in the control of TB. / A tuberculose (TB) ainda é um grande desafio para saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, sendo a utilização dos serviços de saúde o centro do funcionamento dos sistemas de saúde. Nesse aspecto, a forma de organização da atenção a TB deveria ser um fator de garantia do acesso ao diagnóstico precoce da TB nos municípios do Brasil. O tempo do diagnóstico da TB corresponde ao período entre o início dos sinais e sintomas e o fechamento do diagnóstico, contudo o acesso ao diagnóstico na atenção básica parece estar obstaculizado por várias barreiras que precisam ser elucidadas. O presente estudo visou avaliar, na perspectiva do doente, a utilização dos serviços de saúde na Atenção ao diagnóstico da TB identificando o primeiro serviço de saúde procurado pelo doente quando começou a apresentar os sinais e sintomas; os serviços de saúde que realizaram o diagnóstico, o tempo decorrido entre a procura do doente pelo serviço de saúde e o diagnóstico da TB e a associação entre componentes da acessibilidade e o tipo de serviço procurado pelo doente. A realização dessa pesquisa ocorreu por meio de um inquérito epidemiológico seccional de abordagem quantitativa. O cenário desta investigação foi o município de João Pessoa, no estado da Paraíba. A população do estudo foi composta pelos doentes de TB (em tratamento, maiores de 18 anos, residentes no município de estudo), sendo a amostra constituída por 101 pacientes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de fontes primárias (entrevistas com doentes) e secundárias (prontuários) digitados e armazenados em planilha eletrônica do Microsoft Office Excel 2003 e transferidos para a Tabela de Entrada de Dados do Software Statistica 9.0 da Statsoft para aplicação do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. No uso do teste de associação, evidenciou-se significância estatística p<0,05 entre o primeiro serviço de saúde procurado pelo doente e o local do diagnóstico, onde a Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) foi o primeiro serviço de saúde mais procurado pelo doente com 46,5% e o Programa de Controle da Tuberculose (PCT) foi o serviço que mais realizou o diagnóstico de TB com 54,4% dos casos. Com relação ao tempo para o diagnóstico da TB 84 (83,2%) dos doentes foram diagnosticados no intervalo de tempo menor ou igual a 30 dias. No entanto, apesar da existência de uma política de descentralização da Saúde a ESF ainda não se tornou eficiente no que diz respeito à garantia do acesso ao diagnóstico da TB, onde o PCT continua centralizando as ações relacionadas ao diagnóstico da TB sendo caracterizado como principal porta de entrada dos casos de TB no município de João Pessoa. Portanto, esforços precisam ser empreendidos para transformar essa realidade e tornar a ESF a porta de entrada para o acesso ao diagnóstico da TB por meio de serviços de saúde mais resolutivos, articulados e estruturados para atuar no controle da TB.

This study is, in part, a product of the efforts of the Kitimat-Stikine Regional District Health Care Research Project (1975). During the course of this project interviews with representatives of local health care organizations were held in order to inventory the kinds and numbers of health care services in the Kitimat-Stikine Regional District. In assessing the roles of health care organizations in Kitimat and Terrace, British Columbia it became apparent that a number of community mental health organizations in these two centres were experiencing varying degrees of success and/or frustrations in attempting to meet their organizational goals. In attempting to analyse these experiences it became evident that they were frequently described in terms of the activities and decisions of other organizations. It was also considered that individual organizations had unique characteristics of an internal nature which were also seen to affect the relative success they had in meeting their goals. The question then arose as to the possibility of analysing community mental health services in Kitimat and Terrace in terms of the interrelationships of the organizations which were providing these services. This was seen to be a reasonable approach to the problem of analysis in that the specific intent of the research project from which this study emanated was to provide an inventory of local health care services. In considering the methodology for the analysis of these inter-organizational relationships a review of the literature showed that there had been three basic approaches to organizational research used to analyse organizational behaviour. These approaches were, in order of their development, analysis of an organization as a single unit in terms of its internal characteristics; analysis of an organization in terms of its relationships with other organizations and, analysis, as a unit, of a group of organizations which have recurrent interactions with one another. It was determined that each of these forms of analysis could be utilized in the context of the community mental health organizations located in Kitimat and Terrace. This approach has important implications from a planning point of view in that it affords analyses of benefit to planners and administrators of individual organizations within the context of their own organization's internal framework and within the context of the overall activities of other organizations with which they interact. Further more, it provides an advantageous perspective to authorities in central planning organizations as they attempt to coordinate activities of organizations under their jurisdiction. Five specific variables were selected to facilitate the analysis of inter-organizational relationships at each of the three levels. These variables were: resources; power, organizational autonomy; domain consensus; and inter-organizational coordination. The analyses showed that each of the three levels offer unique opportunities to view the interrelationships between and/or among organizations. It was also illustrated that the third level of analysis was an abstract concept that required further development before it could be clearly differentiated from the other levels. The five variables selected to analyse the interrelationships at each level exhibited varying degrees of relevance to the analysis. The main observation was that, although there was some overlap in their application to specific issues which were discussed, the five variables were able to satisfactorily address any factors which were seen to affect inter-organizational relationships at each of the three levels. Overall, the three level approach to analysis of organizational exchange relationships was suggested to be an appropriate method for central planning agencies to better coordinate the activities of organizations under their jurisdiction. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Unknown

Orientador: Solange L'Abbate / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T18:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Severo_AnaKallinydeSousa_D.pdf: 2219412 bytes, checksum: 703c2f5ef1b03a2647c93d0435d1aff5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A supervisão tem se assegurado como um dos principais dispositivos de fortalecimento dos processos de mudanças almejados no modelo de Atenção Psicossocial. Esse dispositivo tem sido utilizado para qualificação dos serviços substitutivos e da rede de Atenção Psicossocial na Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, apesar de receber muitas críticas no sentido de apontar seu caráter reprodutor das relações de saber-poder hierarquizadas. Este trabalho buscou analisar a institucionalização da supervisão clínico-institucional no processo da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, tendo como foco a experiência de supervisão no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, o referencial teórico-metodológico escolhido foi o da Análise Institucional, tanto na perspectiva da análise no papel como da socioanálise. A análise no papel foi utilizada para a investigação dos documentos e entrevistas em uma perspectiva sócio-histórica e a socioanálise em sua vertente socioclínica. Para a realização deste estudo, adotei quatro estratégias de pesquisa principais: análise de artigos que apresentavam a inserção da supervisão nas experiências reformistas dos anos 1980 e 1990; análise dos relatórios finais das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde Mental e dos editais de supervisão lançados pelo Ministério da Saúde; e intervenção desenvolvida durante um ano de supervisão clínico-institucional na rede de Atenção Psicossocial em um município do interior do Nordeste. O processo de intervenção desenvolvido fez parte de um desses projetos financiados, com edital lançado, e desenvolveu-se em doze encontros mensais com trabalhadores da rede de saúde e dos dispositivos intersetoriais. Na análise das experiências, percebemos que a supervisão nos princípios da Atenção Psicossocial sofreu mudanças tensionadas principalmente pelas transformações na constituição das equipes, da gestão, da rede e no cuidado comunitário. Na análise no papel dos relatórios da terceira e da quarta Conferência Nacional de Saúde Mental e dos editais do Ministério da Saúde existiram encomendas muito amplas relacionadas à supervisão, tais como a política de recursos humanos, de funcionamento de rede, de qualificação e de construção de Projetos Terapêuticos Singulares, que foram respondidas de maneira ainda insuficiente pelas políticas governamentais. Na intervenção realizada, as principais dificuldades encontradas foram a rotatividade dos profissionais do serviço, múltiplos vínculos de trabalho entre os servidores, mudanças na gestão do serviço e a relação pouco dialogada com a gestão municipal. Como movimento instituinte, assinalamos uma maior reflexão crítica acerca do percurso do profissional de saúde mental para adequação ao contexto da Atenção Psicossocial, ampliação do diálogo e ações interprofissionais, e fortalecimento da parceria entre o gestor municipal e a equipe do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Retomar a historicidade de um dispositivo permitiu compreender suas diferentes funções e os efeitos de retorno do instituído e de desconhecimento gerados pela paralisação e burocratização da Reforma Psiquiátrica, e a necessidade de retomar e fortalecer seu processo instituinte / Abstract: Supervision has assured itself as one of the main dispositive of improving the processes of changes desired in the psychosocial care model. This dispositive has been used for qualification of replacement services and from the psychosocial care system in the Brazilian psychiatric reform, despite receiving many criticisms towards pointing its reproductive character of hierarchical knowledge-power. This work aimed at analyzing the institutionalization of institutional clinical-supervision in the process of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. To this end, the theoretical and methodological support chosen was the institutional analysis, both from the perspective of analysis of the role and social analysis. The analysis of the role was used for investigation on documents and interviews in the sociohistorical perspective and in the social analysis in its social clinical perspective. In order to do this study, I applied four main strategies of research: analysis of articles that presented the insertion of the supervision in the reforming experiences in 1980s an 1990s; analysis of the final reports of the National Conferences on Mental Health and the supervision announcements released by the Ministry of Health; and intervention developed during a year of clinical-institutional supervision in network of psychosocial care in a country city of Brazilian northeast. The intervention process developed was part of one of theses funded projects with announcements released, and developed in twelve monthly meetings with Health system and intersectoral dispositives workers. In the analysis of experiments, we noticed that supervision on the principles of Psychosocial Care suffered changes influenced primarily by the transformation of teams, management, system and community care constitution. In analyzing the role of the reports of the third and fourth National Conferences of Mental Health and the announcements of the Ministry of Health there were many orders widely related to supervision, such as the human resources policy, the operation of the network, construction of qualification and Unique Therapeutic Project that were still inadequately answered by the government policies. In interventions, the main difficulties were the turnovers of service professionals, multiple bonds of work between servers, changes in the management of the service and and the little dialogic relationship with the municipal administration. As establishing movement, we noticed a deeper critical reflection on the course of the mental health professional to fit the context of psychosocial care, expansion of dialogue and joint actions, and strengthening the partnership between the city manager and staff of the Center for Psychosocial Care. Retaking the historicity of a dispositive allowed to understand their different roles and effects of return established and ignorance generated by paralysis and bureaucratization of the Psychiatric Reform, and the need to retake and strengthen their instituting proceedings / Doutorado / Ciências Sociais em Saúde / Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

The concept of Shifting the Balance of Care was first introduced to NHS Scotland in 2005 through the Kerr Report. The key messages from the report were to: ensure sustainable and safe local services, which are supported by the right skills, change the emphasis of care into the community, provide preventative reactive care, and fully integrate the system to tackle the changes, use technology more effectively, and involve the public in finding solutions to change. Following the report, a framework was developed which highlighted and prioritised eight areas of improvement. These areas for improvement are the focus by which this research examines if Operational Research (OR), specifically OR models, can have a positive impact in Shifting the Balance of Care. The research utilises underlying OR methodologies and methods and provides evidence from the literature of the ability of nine selected models to facilitate the Shift in the Balance of Care. A contributing factor to the research is the barriers to implementation of OR models into the NHS. With reference to the literature, the common barriers to implementation of OR models are categorised and used to provide direction to modellers where implementation barriers are more prevalent in some models than in others. The research also provides empirical evidence of three selected models’ (the Lean Methodology, Process Mapping and Simulation, developed over two Case Studies) ability to address and influence the prioritised Improvement Areas, with the addition of a newly developed model: SoApt. The development of SoApt follows the Principles of Model Development derived as a guide to modellers who wish to develop a new model. SoApt is also empirically explored in a Case Study and provides some evidence of the models ability to aid Decision-makers, faced with limited budgets, to choose between options which will Shift the Balance of Care. OR methods and methodologies are examined to ascertain the Roles of Models for each model explored in the Case Studies. Examination of the Roles of Models against the Improvement Areas provided evidence of a models’ ability to address more than one of the priority areas and that models can be used together or sequentially. In addition, with reference to OR methods and methodologies, a theoretical Evaluation Framework is proposed which suggests the User and User Satisfaction is key to the evaluation of a model’s success; positive experiences of the User and Use of the model may help to eliminate some of the barriers to implementation.

Nous avons réalisé un état des lieux de la prise en charge des femmes au moment d’un accouchement en France, dans un contexte où la médecine fondée sur les preuves occupe une place de plus en plus importante dans la pratique des professionnels, où la fermeture de nombreuses maternités entraîne une concentration des naissances dans des établissements publics et spécialisés de plus en plus grands, et où l’on souhaite répondre aux besoins des femmes et à certaines de leurs demandes.Dans une première partie nous avons décrit comment les caractéristiques des maternités contribuent à expliquer les variations dans la prise en charge des femmes. Nous avons abordé la question pour la durée du séjour en post-partum et l’organisation de la prise en charge médicale à la sortie de la maternité, et pour les actes réalisés pendant l’accouchement chez des femmes à bas risque (déclenchement, césarienne, extraction instrumentale et épisiotomie). Dans une deuxième partie nous avons cherché à estimer la part des césariennes avant travail potentiellement évitables et la part des déclenchements sans motif médical et nous avons recherché quels facteurs étaient associés à ces actes.Le contenu des soins différait peu selon la taille ou le niveau de spécialisation de la maternité, sauf pour les interventions potentiellement évitables ou sans motif médical, plus fréquentes dans les petites maternités moins spécialisées, et les durées de séjour en maternité, beaucoup plus courtes dans les grandes maternités et celles de type 3. A l’inverse, le statut privé de la maternité influençait de manière forte la prise en charge des femmes : les interventions y étaient plus fréquentes, parfois en réponse à des demandes des femmes (déclenchements sans motif médical). Les caractéristiques médicales des femmes avaient un impact sur la réalisation des interventions obstétricales, avec des associations similaires à celles déjà publiées, mais les caractéristiques sociales des femmes influaient peu sur le contenu des soins.Les résultats fournissent un bilan général, utile pour évaluer les politiques de santé publique. Ils soulèvent des questions sur l’organisation des services et les processus qui conduisent aux décisions de réaliser certaines interventions obstétricales. / We assessed practices during delivery and the postpartum period in France, in a context where evidence based medicine plays a more and more important role in professional practice, where the closure of maternity units leads to a concentration of births in large public and specialized units, and where professionals want to meet the needs of women and some of their requests.We first described how maternity units’ characteristics contribute to explain variations in obstetrical intervention’s rates. We studied postpartum length-of-stay and support for women after discharge from maternity unit, and interventions performed during labor among low-risk women (inductions, cesareans, instrumental deliveries and episiotomy).In a second part we estimated the proportions of potentially avoidable cesarean deliveries and inductions without medical indications; we also investigated which factors were associated with these interventions.Obstetrical practices differed slightly depending on the size or the level of care of maternity units, except potentially avoidable cesareans, which were more frequent in small and low-specialized units, and postpartum length-of-stay, which were shorter in large and type 3 units. On the contrary, the private status of the unit strongly influenced the management of delivery: all studied interventions were more frequent in private units, sometimes in response to maternal requests (inductions without medical indications for example). Women’s medical characteristics had an impact on obstetric intervention rates; the associations were similar to those previously reported in other publications. However social characteristics had little influence on the content of care.The results provide an overall evaluation, useful for assessing perinatal public health policies. They raise questions about maternity unit organization and processes that lead to decisions to perform obstetrical interventions.

This study explores the practical and ideological implications of the New Public Management (NPM) paradigm as introduced in Greece by the so-called “Troika”, a sobriquet referring to a triumvirate comprising representatives of the IMF, the European Union, and the European Central Bank. In the past, attempts had been made by Greek officials to implement managerial practices within the Greek National Health Service (NHS) and the hospital sector in particular, albeit at a more leisurely pace than that of other countries’. On arrival to Greece the Troika imposed a number of changes to improve the country’s public services; and set a brisk pace to accelerate their implementation. The present doctoral thesis seeks to critically evaluate the issue of whether those reforms, especially those salient to the Greek NHS system, are true manifestations of a shift in the NPM paradigm or whether they represent yet another archetypal Greek public sector restructuring. It will also evaluate responses to and outcomes of the successive reforms in the Greece’s NHS system, ascertain the factors contributing to and/or impeding the adoption of those reforms, and identify new opportunities for growth. In order to gain access to a more profound insight into the Greek context, the collection of secondary data provides, among other things, an historical background of Greece’s public healthcare system; reviews the system’s characteristics in terms of healthcare policies, and probes into the state of working conditions within public hospitals. The heightened managerial spirit prevalent in Greece at the moment and brought about by the Troika’s tenure, has made it necessary for the literature review of the present work to focus on the ways that managerial practices and ideologies are imposed on other countries so that their public sector dysfunctionalities may be rectified. Drawing on the literature reviewed, the study develops an integrated analytical framework anchored in NPM, so as to test it in the Greek case and contribute to understanding the Greek NHS organisational realities as well as to evaluating how the new changes have been evolving and faring within Greece’s healthcare organisations. The framework is comprised of a review of the NPM paradigm so as to contextualise the Greek reforms in terms of ideology and practices; a review of Principal-Agent Theory (PAT) for illuminating the interrelationships and involvement of the key actors with the reforms; and a review of Critical Realism (CR) for assisting to reveal the underlying mechanisms and structures that bind the actors with the organisations and their development. Apart from providing the conceptual basis of the thesis, the framework also serves in informing its methodological design (i.e., generating the interview schedule), analysing the findings, and steering the discussion. The study adopts an in-depth, qualitative research approach that views social life within organisations in terms of processes, events, actions, and activities between key actors as factors unfolding over time. To that purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the key stakeholders of the Greek NHS system: State hospital doctors, hospital managers, and policymakers. The contribution of the study is an in-depth analysis of reform implementation as carried out in Greece’s medical system which now stands, within a turbulent economic and political context. By means of that analytical framework, it is shown that Greece is a sui generis case whose context and historical background are altogether different than those of other countries’. Moreover, the framework demonstrates that, despite the fact that NPM is firmly ensconced, as far as practice and ideology go, it is too soon to be drawing any conclusions: NPM is still in its infancy and reforms to the Greek NHS system have yet to be finalised as they continuously stumble on the inefficiencies and blunders of the past which hinder them from functioning properly. Last, the thesis does possess one more unique feature: it delves into the thinking, manoeuvres, and behaviour of the Greek healthcare professionals as a group, a world rarely if ever explored by empirical studies.

L’objectif de la présente thèse est de générer des connaissances sur les contributions possibles d’une formation continue à l’évolution des perspectives et pratiques des professionnels de la santé buccodentaire. Prônant une approche centrée sur le patient, la formation vise à sensibiliser les professionnels à la pauvreté et à encourager des pratiques qui se veulent inclusives et qui tiennent compte du contexte social des patients. L’évaluation de la formation s’inscrit dans le contexte d’une recherche-action participative de développement d’outils éducatifs et de transfert des connaissances sur la pauvreté. Cette recherche-action aspire à contribuer à la lutte contre les iniquités sociales de santé et d’accès aux soins au Québec; elle reflète une préoccupation pour une plus grande justice sociale ainsi qu’une prise de position pour une santé publique critique fondée sur une « science des solutions » (Potvin, 2013). Quatre articles scientifiques, ancrés dans une philosophie constructiviste et dans les concepts et principes de l’apprentissage transformationnel (Mezirow, 1991), constituent le cœur de cette thèse. Le premier article présente une revue critique de la littérature portant sur l’enseignement de l’approche de soins centrés sur le patient. Prenant appui sur le concept d’une « épistémologie partagée », des principes éducatifs porteurs d’une transformation de perspective à l’égard de la relation professionnel-patient ont été identifiés et analysés. Le deuxième article de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du développement participatif d’outils de formation sur la pauvreté et illustre le processus de co-construction d’un scénario de court-métrage social réaliste portant sur la pauvreté et l’accès aux soins. L’article décrit et apporte une réflexion, notamment sur la dimension de co-formation entre les différents acteurs des milieux académique, professionnel et citoyen qui ont constitué le collectif À l’écoute les uns des autres. Nous y découvrons la force du croisement des savoirs pour générer des prises de conscience sur soi et sur ses préjugés. Les outils développés par le collectif ont été intégrés à une formation continue axée sur la réflexion critique et l’apprentissage transformationnel, et conçue pour être livrée en cabinet dentaire privé. Les deux derniers articles de thèse présentent les résultats d’une étude de cas instrumentale évaluative centrée sur cette formation continue et visant donc à répondre à l’objectif premier de cette thèse. Le premier consiste en une analyse des transformations de perspectives et d’action au sein d’une équipe de 15 professionnels dentaires ayant participé à la formation continue sur une période de trois mois. L’article décrit, entre autres, une plus grande ouverture, chez certains participants, sur les causes structurelles de la pauvreté et une plus grande sensibilité au vécu au quotidien des personnes prestataires de l’aide sociale. L’article comprend également une exploration des effets paradoxaux dans l’apprentissage, notamment le renforcement, chez certains, de perceptions négatives à l’égard des personnes prestataires de l’aide sociale. Le quatrième article fait état de barrières idéologiques contraignant la transformation des pratiques professionnelles : 1) l’identification à l’idéologie du marché privé comme véhicule d’organisation des soins; 2) l’attachement au concept d’égalité dans les pratiques, au détriment de l’équité; 3) la prédominance du modèle biomédical, contraignant l’adoption de pratiques centrées sur la personne et 4) la catégorisation sociale des personnes prestataires de l’aide sociale. L’analyse des perceptions, mais aussi de l’expérience vécue de ces barrières démontre comment des facteurs systémiques et sociaux influent sur le rapport entre professionnel dentaire et personne prestataire de l’aide sociale. Les conséquences pour la recherche, l’éducation dentaire, le transfert des connaissances, ainsi que pour la régulation professionnelle et les politiques de santé buccodentaire, sont examinées à partir de cette perspective. / This thesis aims to generate knowledge on how a continuing education course might contribute to the evolution of oral health professionals’ perspectives and practices. Promoting patient centered care, the course aims to sensitize professionals to poverty issues and to encourage socially inclusive practices that take into account the social context of patients. The course evaluation is nested within a participatory action research project aimed at developing educational and knowledge transfer tools to sensitize oral health professionals to poverty issues and Our research strives to contribute to the fight against social inequities in health and in access to care in Québec; it is grounded in our intent for greater social justice and reflects our belief in the importance of a critical public health founded on a « science of solutions » (Potvin, 2013). Four scientific articles, grounded in constructivism and in the concepts and principles of transformative learning theory (Mezirow, 1991), constitute the heart of this thesis. The first presents a critical review of the literature on health professional education for patient-centered care. We focus on the concept of shared epistemology as a foundation for patient-centered care and determine and analyse the educational principles allowing for its development in students and practitioners. Our second article, located within the participatory developmental process, delves into the co-construction of a social realist screenplay portraying poverty and issues of access to dental care. The article examines and reflects on the participatory processes, in particular the co-learning that took place among the partners involved in writing the screenplay and in producing the educational tools on poverty. We discover the potency of shared knowledge among professionals, citizens, educators and academics for enhancing reflection on bias and perspective taking. The educational tools developed have been integrated into an onsite credited continuing education course on poverty and oral health, privileging critical reflection, founded on transformative learning theory, and integrating dimensions of person-centered care. The results of an instrumental case study among the 15 members of a dental team having participated in the course constitute the last two articles of the thesis. The first describes and analyzes the new meanings and actions among course participants, emphasizing shifts in thinking about the causes of poverty, about life on welfare, about certain patient behaviors and about the participants themselves. New actions refer to changes made in verbal and non-verbal communication and appointment giving policy. The article also examines unanticipated and paradoxical effects of learning, such as the reinforcement of certain beliefs. The final thesis article presents the case study results in terms of the participants’ experience of their workplace ideologies and how these constitute obstacles or objections to learning or to making practice or policy changes. These ideologies include 1) identification with a for-profit and private market oral health care system; 2) “equal treatment”, a belief constraining concern for equity and the recognition of discriminatory practices; 3) a predominantly biomedical orientation to care; and 4) stereotypical categorization of publically insured patients into « deserving » vs. « non-deserving » poor. This knowledge contributes to our understanding of systemic influences on professionals’ practices and interactions with patients living on welfare. We discuss implications for research, dental education and knowledge translation, as well as in terms of oral health policy and oral health professional regulation.

Estudou-se a forma usual como a violência vem se apresentando e é ou não trabalhada no interior dos serviços de saúde de atenção primária. A partir da interação que se estabelece entre as usuárias e profissionais desses serviços busca-se as condições que propiciam ou obstaculizam a emergência, o acolhimento e a proposta de intervenção sobre a questão no interior de um serviço de saúde. Foi estudado um serviço específico que tinha como característica ter o PAISM implantado através de observação direta de atividades assistenciais, análise do registro em prontuário e do perfil de consumo do serviço e entrevistas com usuárias e profissionais. Encontrou-se a emergência de conflitos em torno das relações de gênero e violência de gênero no registro tanto em prontuários como na observação direta. Observou-se que as possibilidades de emergência destes conflitos estão ligadas aos canais de comunicação abertos e à possibilidade de antever alguma resposta para o exercício profissional. Discute-se os riscos trazidos pela possível medicalização e psiquiatrização da violência e a importância de um trabalho intersetorial e multidisciplinar para apreender e trabalhar o problema. / The purpose of this paper is to identify the usual ways in which violence has been manifesting itself and how health services deal with it –- or fail to do so. It tries to understand the relation that is established between female users and the professionals who work at these healthcare services with regard to the problem of violence against women as a form of demand capable of generating the production of healthcare. This comprehension has made it possible to understand the conditions that either enable or stand it the way of the manifestation, the provision of care and the intervention proposal relative to the issue within healthcare services. The risks that result from the possible medicalization of violence are also discussed, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work in both understanding and dealing with the problem.

Estudou-se a forma usual como a violência vem se apresentando e é ou não trabalhada no interior dos serviços de saúde de atenção primária. A partir da interação que se estabelece entre as usuárias e profissionais desses serviços busca-se as condições que propiciam ou obstaculizam a emergência, o acolhimento e a proposta de intervenção sobre a questão no interior de um serviço de saúde. Foi estudado um serviço específico que tinha como característica ter o PAISM implantado através de observação direta de atividades assistenciais, análise do registro em prontuário e do perfil de consumo do serviço e entrevistas com usuárias e profissionais. Encontrou-se a emergência de conflitos em torno das relações de gênero e violência de gênero no registro tanto em prontuários como na observação direta. Observou-se que as possibilidades de emergência destes conflitos estão ligadas aos canais de comunicação abertos e à possibilidade de antever alguma resposta para o exercício profissional. Discute-se os riscos trazidos pela possível medicalização e psiquiatrização da violência e a importância de um trabalho intersetorial e multidisciplinar para apreender e trabalhar o problema. / The purpose of this paper is to identify the usual ways in which violence has been manifesting itself and how health services deal with it –- or fail to do so. It tries to understand the relation that is established between female users and the professionals who work at these healthcare services with regard to the problem of violence against women as a form of demand capable of generating the production of healthcare. This comprehension has made it possible to understand the conditions that either enable or stand it the way of the manifestation, the provision of care and the intervention proposal relative to the issue within healthcare services. The risks that result from the possible medicalization of violence are also discussed, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work in both understanding and dealing with the problem.