: This thesis focuses on monitoring attitudes of general practitioners in Southern Bohemia toward non-conventional medicine. In its theoretical part, the thesis deals with clarifying the concepts of non-conventional medicine, alternative medicine, and scientific medicine. Furthermore, the thesis describes various approaches to non-conventional medicine. In its practical part I examined the level of knowledge about non-conventional medicine among doctors. The research was conducted through anonymous questionnaires filled in by general practitioners. The questionnaires were then used for creating the charts. These charts indicate how doctors view various approaches to non-conventional medicine, to what extent they support using these methods among their patience, and how they view the quality of medical education in this area in the Czech Republic.

The diploma thesis focuses on the lifestyle of pupils of the 2nd grade of elementary school. The work describes their current lifestyle, because it changes with time. It reveals some negative facts and other knowledge that can lead to a better perception of contexts and enable more conscious approaches to prevention and a more efficient selection of practices at elementary schools. The thesis describes concepts of health, prevention, lifestyle and some of its aspects, attitudes, values and the developmental stage of the older school age. The research finds aspects of adolescent lifestyle and tries to find a relationship between gender and some lifestyle specifics and describes their current attitudes and value orientation, using a quantitative research strategy through a questionnaire. The result of this work is a description of the findings related to the pubescent life.

Antalet sjukskrivna medarbetare inom våra svenska organisationer ökar årligen till följd av stressrelaterade sjukdomar. Den rådande problematiken orsakar höga kostnader för bådemedarbetaren, organisationen och samhället i stort. Att vända den oroväckande trenden är således av stor vikt för alla inblandade parter. Många tidigare studier har visat att de sjukskrivningar som beror på psykiska åkommor har orsakats av en bristande arbetsmiljö. Det är arbetsgivaren som ställs ytterst ansvarig för arbetsmiljön inom en organisation, och hur arbetet för en hållbar arbetsmiljö ska utföras regleras av lagar och föreskrifter. Arbetsgivarenkan med hjälp av ohälsoförebyggande och hälsofrämjande insatser förbättra arbetsmiljön och på så vis sänka sjukskrivningstalen. I den här studien har vi undersökt hur en organisation och dess chefer genom den interna kommunikationen kan verka för en god arbetsmiljö. För att studera hur en organisation arbetar med dessa frågor har vi genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med både medarbetare och chefer på ett kommunalt fastighetsbolag i Göteborg. Som teoretiskt stöd har modeller och teorier om kommunikation, formell och informell information samt beslutsprocessen använts, för att skapa en bredare förståelse för det inomorganisatoriska arbetsmiljöarbetet. I studiens resultat framkommer det att respondenterna inom den studerade organisationen betraktar den interna kommunikationen som central i arbetet för en förbättrad arbetsmiljö. Det är av stor vikt att den interna dialogen är väl fungerande både vertikalt och horisontellt, för att den information som förmedlas mellan olika parter ska nå alla relevanta delar i organisationen. En god kommunikation är således av stor betydelse för att all information skatas tillvara och ligga till grund för beslut kring arbetsmiljörelaterade frågor. Inom det studerade bolaget ligger främst formell information, så som arbetsmiljöronder, medarbetarsamtal och–enkäter, till grund för de beslut som fattas. Informell information som kommer cheferna tillhanda genom mer spontana samtal, och som anses vara av rik karaktär, har inom organisationen en tendens att gå förlorad i ett tidigt skede i beslutsprocessen. I studien diskuteras chefens roll i att kunna samla in och behandla information både av formell och informell karaktär, för att det material som ligger till grund för beslut ska vara så rikt som möjligt. De beslut som har sin grund i all information som inkommit från medarbetarna har goda förutsättningar för att påverka organisationens arbetsmiljö i en positiv riktning. / The number of employees that are absent due to sick leave in Swedish organizations increases annually as a result of stress-related illnesses. The current problem gives rise to high costs for the employee, the organization and society at large. To reverse this worrying trend is therefore of great importance to all parties involved. Previous studies have shown that an unsustainable work environment causes mental illness which in turn leads to sick leave. It is the employer who is ultimately responsible for the work environment within an organization, and how the work for a sustainable work environment is to be performed is governed by laws and regulations. The employer can improve the work environment through ill health prevention and health promotion efforts, which decrease sick leave rates. In this study we have investigated how an organization and its managers through internal communication can work for a sustainable work environment. To study how an organization works on these issues, we have conducted semi-structured interviews with both employees and managers at a municipal property company in Gothenburg. As theoretical support models and theories of communication, formal and informal information as well as the decision making process have been used to create a broader understanding of how the organization is working to develop a sustainable work environment. The findings show that the respondents in the studied organization consider internal communication as central to improving the work environment. It is of the utmost importance that the internal dialogue is well-functioning both vertically and horizontally, so that the information communicated between different parties will reach all relevant parts of the organization. A well-functioning communication is therefore of great importance for managing the decision-making process. Within the studied company formal information, such as work environment inspections, employee appraisals and employee surveys, is the primary source that decisions are based on. Informal information that managers receive through spontaneous conversations, that are considered to be of a rich character, has a tendency to disappear at an early stage in the decision-making process. The study discusses the managers’ role in collecting and processing both formal and informal information, in order to make well-founded decisions. Decisions based on all the information received from employees have a higher likelihood of influencing the organization's work environment in a positive direction. This paper is written in Swedish.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:36:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4150986 bytes, checksum: 67f3a9455b63f5424ab2c9a531cf5090 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Several Governments and countries have shown great interest in defining public policies to reduce spending on health services. In this way, several researchers have sought to develop solutions that reduce such costs. Among these solutions are the remote monitoring systems of the State of health of critical patients, those suffering from heart disease, chronic diseases or elderly who need continuous care. These systems allow the identification of risk situations and the adoption of preventive procedures, reducing health spending. In addition, they allow an improvement in quality and lifetime of your users. Several approaches to the construction of these systems. Generally, they are divided into two main groups: the home care and the furniture. The approach used in this paper advocates the use of mobile monitoring systems can be more efficient, since the health monitoring will be carried out regardless of locale or patient drive. The work presented here makes use of pervasive devices for monitoring of the health status of patients with cardiovascular diseases, which are the biggest cause of death in the world. In this sense, this dissertation contributes with an application for use in mobile phones that act as an intelligent agent to the preventive monitoring of cardiovascular diseases, using a rules-based intelligence engine. This application, which has received the name of MonitorPrevIntel, based on the continuous reading of five physiological signals, detect abnormal situations of danger for the health of your server, and emits alarm procedures. To detect anomalous situations the application uses a mechanism fully embedded intelligence on the mobile phone, with custom knowledge base for each user. The alarms emitted by the system warn the user about the detection of abnormal situations and advise, via SMS messages, or trigger, via phone call, a medical center about this situation. The MonitorPrevIntel operation is controlled by your intelligence mechanism, based on the State of health of the user, allowing the same run autonomously, independently of the user activation. / Vários governos e países têm demonstrado bastante interesse em definir políticas públicas para reduzir os gastos com os serviços de saúde. Dessa maneira, diversos pesquisadores têm procurado desenvolver soluções que reduzam tais custos. Entre essas soluções, estão os sistemas de monitoramento remoto do estado de saúde de pacientes críticos, aqueles que sofrem de doenças cardíacas, doenças crônicas ou idosos que precisam de atendimento contínuo. Esses sistemas permitem a identificação de situações de risco e a adoção de procedimentos preventivos, o que reduz os gastos com saúde. Além disso, eles permitem uma melhoria na qualidade e no tempo de vida de seus usuários. Várias são as abordagens para construção desses sistemas. De maneira geral, elas se dividem em dois grandes grupos: os home care e os móveis. A abordagem utilizada nesse trabalho defende a utilização de sistemas de monitoramento móveis pode ser mais eficiente, uma vez que o acompanhamento da saúde será realizado independentemente da localidade ou da movimentação do paciente. O trabalho aqui apresentado faz uso de dispositivos pervasivos para monitoramento do estado de saúde de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares, que são a maior causa de morte no mundo. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação contribui com um aplicativo para uso em telefones móveis que atue como um agente inteligente personalizado para o monitoramento preventivo de doenças cardiovasculares, utilizando um mecanismo de inteligência baseado em regras de produção. Esse aplicativo, que recebeu o nome de MonitorPrevIntel, com base na leitura contínua de cinco sinais fisiológicos, detecta situações anormais, de perigo para a saúde de seu usuário, e emite procedimentos de alarme. Para detectar as situações anômalas o aplicativo utiliza um mecanismo de inteligência totalmente embutido no telefone celular, com base de conhecimento personalizada para cada usuário. Os alarmes emitidos pelo sistema avisam ao usuário sobre a detecção de situações anormais de saúde e avisam, através de mensagens SMS, ou acionam, através de chamada telefônica, uma central médica sobre essa situação. O funcionamento do MonitorPrevIntel é controlado por seu mecanismo de inteligência, com base no estado de saúde do usuário, permitindo que o mesmo execute de maneira autônoma, independentemente da ativação pelo usuário.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de tester l'efficacité du paradigme de la communication engageante appliqué à la prévention des conduites dopantes. Les conduites dopantes sont la consommation de substances (principalement des drogues licites ou illicites) afin d’améliorer les performances physiques et psychologiques. Dans le sport, certaines de ces substances sont interdites et les conduites dopantes sont simplement appelées "dopage". Les conduites dopantes, et bien plus encore dans le sport, sont souvent considérées comme problématiques car elles peuvent générer des risques pour la santé et également de la tricherie. Trois recherches-actions sont réalisées. La première, auprès de 52 sportifs de haut niveau volontaires, montre que l'engagement semble produire un effet allant dans le sens d’une meilleure prévention du dopage. La deuxième étude teste un dispositif de communication engageante avec 111 athlètes d’élite volontaires : les résultats montrent une diminution de la consommation des compléments alimentaires, excitants et substances contre la douleur, en condition libre choix et actes publics. La troisième recherche se déroulait dans le contexte réel d’une prévention. Les résultats des 760 élèves montrent une diminution de la consommation de tabac et de cannabis après l'action de communication engageante, et une augmentation de l'affirmation de soi. Une réflexion sur l’application et la faisabilité du paradigme de la communication engageante appliquée au domaine de la prévention est proposée en fin de thèse. / The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of the binding communication paradigm applied to doping behavior prevention. A doping behavior is the use of a substance (mainly a licit or an illicit drug) with the aim to enhance physical or psychological performance. In sports, some of these substances are prohibited, and doping behaviors are simply named "doping". Doping behaviors, and much more doping in sport, are often regarded as problematic, because they may generate health hazards, and cheating as well. Three studies are conducted. The first one, among 52 top-level volunteers athletes, shows that commitment seems to produce an effect which is in line with a better doping prevention. The second study tests a "committing communication" device with 111 elite volunteers athletes: results show a decrease in consumption of dietary supplements, stimulating products and substances against pain, with conditions of free choice and public acts. The third search occurs in the real context of a prevention. The 760 pupils' results show a decrease of tobacco and cannabis consumption after "committing communication" action, and increasing self-affirmation. A reflexion on the application and feasibility of the binding communication paradigm applied to the field of prevention is proposed at the end of the thesis.

Background: In many European countries including Germany, migrants utilize preventive services less frequently than the majority population. This is also true for the utilization of dental checkups. Little is known about which demographic, social, behavioral, and health-related factors influence the decision of migrants to seek preventive dental health care and how these factors differ from those in non-migrants. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of these factors among migrants and non-migrants residing in Germany. Methods: Data from cross-sectional national health surveys are used, providing information on preventive dental health behavior from n = 41,220 individuals, of which 15.0% are migrants. Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use is the conceptual framework of the investigation. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the role of different predisposing and enabling factors. Interaction terms were included in order to examine whether determinants differ between migrants and non-migrants. Average marginal effects (AMEs) are reported in addition to odds ratios (ORs) as measures of effect size which are robust against bias arising from unobserved heterogeneity. Results: Migrants are at an about 36% lower chance of utilizing regular dental checkups than non-migrants [OR = 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.68); AME = −0.081 (95% CI = −0.093, −0.069)]. Differences are partly explained by the influence of demographic, social, behavioral, and health-related factors [adjusted OR = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.73); AME = −0.065 (95% CI = −0.076, −0.053)]. Younger age, being male, lower socioeconomic status, a non-statutory health insurance, not living in a relationship, living in the Western part of Germany and in an urban setting, and poor limited social support were associated with a lower chance of utilizing regular dental checkups. Interaction effects could be observed for age and for the type of health insurance. Discussion: The study identifies different enabling and predisposing factors that are relevant for the utilization of dental checkups among the population in Germany, some of which differ between migrants and non-migrants. Differences are particularly pronounced for younger ages. This differs from findings on other preventive services where older migrants tend to be more disadvantaged. Additional explanatory factors such as barriers that migrants experience in the dental health care system need to be considered in order to implement patient-oriented services and to reduce disparities in access to dental prevention.

Introduktion: Varje år dör 300 000 människor i världen på grund av klimatförändringarna och 325 miljoner påverkas allvarligt. De som i huvudsak drabbas är människor som redan är utsatta och de finns både i rika och fattiga länder. Dessa konsekvenser leder till stora sociala orättvisor mellan utvecklade länder och outvecklade men även inom nationer, därför kommer en global hälsa i en vidare mening beträffande naturkapital, humankapital och socialt kapital att krävas. Där bördorna delas och skador undviks genom mitigation, anpassning och hälsoprevention. Den pågående digitaliseringen i samhället genom bland annat AI innebär stora möjligheter ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv att arbeta preventivt. Syfte: Syftet är att generera kunskap om hur artificiell intelligens används i ett hälsopreventivt arbete för att begränsa konsekvenserna av klimatförändringar. Metod: En kvalitativ kartläggande litteraturgranskning med en induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat: Uteslutande så används maskininlärning som AI i artiklarna för att arbeta preventivt och försöka förutse olika hot mot folkhälsan som ett förändrat klimat bidrar till. Klimatkonsekvenserna som förekommer är vektorburna sjukdomar, zoonoser, värmeböljor och luftföroreningar. Artiklarna sträcker sig från år 2016 till 2020 och genomförs i huvudsak i och av utvecklade länder. Slutsats: AI kan användas i hälsopreventivt arbete för att begränsa konsekvenserna av klimatförändringar baserat på teknikens förmåga att förutse hälsohot. Detta är ett viktigt inslag i hälsopreventivt arbete. Forskningsområdet är i sin linda och behöver ta mer hänsyn till etik, rättvisa och hälsans bestämningsfaktorer. / Introduction: Every year, 300,000 people in the world die due to climate change and 325 million are severely affected. Those who are mainly affected are people who are already vulnerable and they are found in both rich and poor countries. This leads to great social injustices between developed countries and undeveloped but also within nations, therefore global health in a broader sense regarding natural capital, human capital and social capital will be required. Where burdens are shared and injuries are avoided through mitigation, adaptation and health prevention. Gradually, digitalization through, among other things, AI permeates the global society more and more and research believes that for public health work, this means great opportunities to work preventively and that health systems become more efficient, safer and cheaper. Aim: The aim is to generate knowledge about how artificial intelligence is used in health prevention work to limit the consequences of climate change. Method: A qualitative scoping review with an inductive content analysis. Results: Machine learning is used in the articles to work preventively and try to predict various threats to public health that climate change contributes to. The climate consequences that occur are vector-borne diseases, zoonoses, heat waves and air pollution. The articles extend from 2016 to 2020 and are mainly implemented in and by developed countries. Conclusion: AI can be used in health prevention work to limit the consequences of climate change based on the technology's ability to predict health threats. This is an important element in health prevention work. The research area is in its infancy and needs to take more account of ethics, justice and health determinants.

Bakgrund: Med en ökad medellivslängd och en minskning av förtida dödlighet betraktas hälsan som god bland befolkningen i Sverige. Det finns dock ett behov av att adressera insatser mot exempelvis psykisk ohälsa, ojämlikhet i hälsa, kostvanor och stillasittande. Regeringen har publicerat en omfattande nationell folkhälsoproposition, men det finns en kunskapslucka beträffande partiernas egna konkreta visioner och arbete inom folkhälsan. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka riksdagspartiernas visioner och arbete inom olika folkhälsoområden. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ studiedesign och hade ett induktivt synsätt. Data samlades in med ett frågeformulär och sju av åtta partier svarade på frågorna. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med inspiration av Giorgis kvalitativa analys. Resultat: Resultatet visade en bredd av visioner och arbetsinsatser. Partiernas idéer och verksamhet berörde främst hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn. De vill se tydligare uppdrag, ökad tillgänglighet och fokus på förebyggande interventioner. När det gäller skolan vill de arbeta med insatser för elevhälsan, mer idrottstimmar samt sex- och samlevnadsundervisning. Därutöver vill de genomföra olika samhälliga insatser. Slutsats: Utöver partiernas visioner vill de arbeta med folkhälsa genom att bedriva folkhälsopolitik, stödja insatser, utreda och utveckla handlingsplaner samt utöka kunskapsinsatser. / Background: With an increasing life expectancy and a reduction of premature mortality, health is considered good among the Swedish population. Nevertheless, there is a need of addressed interventions against mental illness, inequality in health, eating habits and sedentary, for example. The Swedish government has published a wide-ranging national public health policy, but there is a gap in knowledge regarding the political parties concrete visions and work in the fields of public health. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate visions and work among Swedish political parties in various fields of public health. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative study design and had an inductive approach. Data was collected by a questionnaire and seven out of eight parties answered. Collected material was analyzed with inspiration from Giorgis qualitative analysis. Results: The result displayed a wide spectrum of visions and efforts. The parties ideas and efforts were mostly containing the healthcare sector. They want to see clearer commitments, accessibility and focus on preventive interventions. Regarding school they intend to focus their efforts on student health and increase the rate of sports and sex education. In addition, they want a variety of community interventions to be performed. Conclusion: Besides their visions, the political parties want to tackle public health issues by practicing politics, support interventions, research and develop policies and amplify knowledge efforts.

Ce travail porte sur le développement de l’hygiène publique dans le royaume de Grèce entre 1833, année de l’accession au trône du prince Othon de Bavière, et 1845, lorsqu’un système complet des lazarets et d’offices de santé trace les frontières politiques et épidémiologiques du royaume. Après avoir traité les structures de prévention sanitaire érigées tantôt à l’intérieur du pays (vaccinateurs, médecins publics, médecins municipaux) tantôt sur ses frontières, nous étudions les mesures pour lutter contre les maladies contagieuses (surtout la peste et la variole) et contre les miasmes. Nous nous efforçons d’analyser également les maladies qui déterminent la mortalité à l’époque ainsi que les théories médicales qui expliquent les mesures appliquées, en essayant de dépasser certains aspects de la distinction classique d’Erwin Ackerknecht entre contagionnisme et infectionnisme. Enfin, nous abordons la formation du corps médical officiel, processus qui a entraîné des changements dans la pratique médicale. Cet intérêt pour l’hygiène publique impose l’étude de la construction de l’Etat et de sa ‘base biologique’. L’hygiène publique définit les menaces contre lesquelles elle s’érige en même temps qu’elle construit et met en sécurité la collectivité. Dans l’Etat de police du caméraliste Othon I, ces développements sont l’affaire de la bureaucratie, de l’administration, de la force publique et de la science de la police sanitaire. Son but était la construction et la mise en ordre de l’espace public, de l’espace d’action de l’Etat, qui est tout autant naturel que social. Cet établissement d’un ordre favorise la centralisation sanitaire en même temps qu’il prétend discipliner (processus de civilisation) les éléments naturels et les forces sociales pour qu’ils puissent être coordonnés sans résistances ; autrement dit, l’action d’imposer un ordre pacifie. La police sanitaire contrôle ces processus, en reconfigurant les liens que les hommes tissent entre eux, avec la géographie, avec la nature et avec leurs maladies. / This study is about the organization of public hygiene in the kingdom of Greece between 1833, when prince Otto of Bavaria ascends to the throne, and 1845, when the political and epidemiological frontiers of the kingdom are traced by a complete system of lazarettos and sanitary offices. We will firstly analyze the structures of sanitary prevention in the interior of the country (vaccinators, public health doctors, municipal doctors) as well as at its frontiers, and then we will focus on the measures against contagious diseases (such as the plague and smallpox) and against miasmas. We are also interested in examining the main diseases that determine the mortality of the period under scrutiny and the medical theories that explain the applicable sanitary measures. At the same time, we will review some of the aspects of the classical distinction of Erwin Ackerknecht between contagionism and miasmatic theory. Finally, we will study the difficult formation of an official group of medical professionals. The interest in public hygiene imposes the study of the biological construction of the state and, subsequently, of the state itself. Public hygiene defines the threats which it tries to prevent, and it creates and secures the collectivity. In the Police State of the cameralist king Otto, these developments are controlled by the bureaucracy, the administration, the public force and the science of medical police. Its purpose is to construct and order the public space, the space of state action, which is natural as well as social. This action of ordering imposes the centralization of health and at the same time it normalizes the natural elements and the social forces so that they can coordinate without resistance; in other words, the action of ordering pacifies. Medical police controls these processes by reconfiguring the ties that bind individuals with each other and with the geography, the nature and their diseases.

The diploma thesis focuses on building a business development plan of the company, which deals with the implementation of strategic objectives, especially the development of preventive oncology program in a specialized center. This thesis includes all aspects taken into consideration at business plan realization. The business plan is a result of research based on analysis of market, competition, potential customers and financial evaluation.