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“All citizens of the world can save a life” — The World Restart a Heart (WRAH) initiative starts in 2018Böttiger, B.W., Lockey, A., Aickin, R., Castren, M., de Caen, A., Escalante, R., Kern, K.B., Lim, S.H., Nadkarni, V., Neumar, R.W., Nolan, J.P., Stanton, D., Wang, T.-L., Perkins, G.D. 07 1900 (has links)
“All citizens of the world can save a life”. With these words, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) is launching the first global initiative – World Restart a Heart (WRAH) – to increase public awareness and therefore the rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for victims of cardiac arrest. In most of the cases, it takes too long for the emergency services to arrive on scene after the victim's collapse. Thus, the most effective way to increase survival and favourable outcome in cardiac arrest by two- to fourfold is early CPR by lay bystanders and by “first responders”. Lay bystander resuscitation rates, however, differ significantly across the world, ranging from 5 to 80%. If all countries could have high lay bystander resuscitation rates, this would help to save hundreds of thousands of lives every year. In order to achieve this goal, all seven ILCOR councils have agreed to participate in WRAH 2018. Besides schoolchildren education in CPR (“KIDS SAVE LIVES”), many other initiatives have already been developed in different parts of the world. ILCOR is keen for the WRAH initiative to be as inclusive as possible, and that it should happen every year on 16 October or as close to that day as possible. Besides recommending CPR training for children and adults, it is hoped that a unified global message will enable our policy makers to take action to address the inequalities in patient survival around the world. / Revisión por pares
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Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and relaxation of coronary circulationg during cardioplegic arrest of the heart葛志東, Ge, Zhidong. January 2000 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Surgery / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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"Avaliação dos aspectos éticos e legais dos registros de enfermagem na parada cardiorrespiratória em hospital escola do Paraná" / Assessment of the ethical and legal aspects in medical records on the cardiac arrest in a teaching-Hospital in Paraná.Leonardi, Rosana Claudia de Assunção 02 May 2005 (has links)
A reanimação cardiopulmonar no hospital é um evento complexo, exigindo dos profissionais de saúde conhecimentos científicos, bem como habilidades e competências, tanto no atendimento do evento, como no registro do prontuário. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos éticos e legais dos registros de enfermagem no atendimento a pacientes que apresentaram parada cardiorrespiratória e foram a óbito no ano de 2003, em um hospital escola do interior do Paraná. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa dos registros de enfermagem, efetuados pela equipe de enfermagem no prontuário do paciente. Após analisarmos 114 prontuários pôde-se observar uma grande lacuna nos registros de enfermagem quanto aos aspectos éticos e legais. Seguindo as orientações de Du Gás (1998) em relação à identificação da categoria funcional, encontramos 101 (88,60%) registros sem identificação; em relação aos dados de identificação do profissional encontramos 108 (94,74%) destes feitos de forma inadequada. Nas medidas terapêuticas, realizadas pelos vários membros da equipe, nos deparamos com 103 (90,35%) registros sem informação Observamos que a respeito das informações pertinentes ao estado geral do paciente tais informações não estão presentes em 108 (94,74%) dos registros e que em 92 (80,7%) deles em relação às respostas específicas do paciente quanto à terapia e à assistência tampouco houveram Com base no referencial teórico de Potter e Perry (2004) referente à concisão e organização 114 (100%) registros apresentaram-se inadequados. Dessa forma verificamos que existe uma deficiência na elaboração dos registros de enfermagem, o que é inconcebível tanto no aspecto legal quanto na ética. / The cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the hospital is a very complex event, requiring from its staff scientific knowledge as well as skills when attending on the event and when registering specific data on the medical chart. This study focuses on the evaluation of the ethical and legal aspects of the nursing record regarding the attendance on patients who went through a cardiorespiratory arrest and died within the year 2003 in a teaching hospital in the countryside of Paraná. The methodology used was a descriptive, retrospective, transversal study with a quantitative approach of the nursing record ran by the nursing staff in the patients record. After analyses of 114 records it has been observed a lack of ethical and legal issues in the nursing records. Following the instructions given by Du Gás (1998), we have found 101 (88,60%) without functional category identification, 108 (94,74%) had inadequate staffs data.103 (90,35%) lacked information regarding therapeutic measures taken, 108 (94,74%) did not have relevant observations on the general state of the patient and in 92 (80,7%) we have found no register of the results taken from the patient regarding the therapy and assistance recieved. .According to the theorical referential by Potter and Perry (2004) on concision and organization we have found 114 (100%) inadequate nursing record. Thus, it has been verified that there is deficiency in the elaboration of the nursing staff, which is nor not correct neither in ethical in legal aspects.
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Glicemia na ressuscitação cardiopulmonar / Serum glucose during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a predictor of outcomePalácio, Manoel Angelo Gomes 18 August 2011 (has links)
Hiperglicemia está associada a mal prognóstico nas doenças crônicas e agudas, mas poucos estudos abordaram a glicemia durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução da glicemia em modelo de parada cardíaca similar ao atendimento atual dos casos de morte súbita extra-hospitalar. Métodos: Em estudo prospectivo, randomizado e cego, fibrilação ventricular foi induzida em 32 animais. Após 7 min, suporte de vida padrão foi iniciado e mantido até o retorno da circulação espontânea ou por 30 min no máximo. Os animais foram randomizados em três grupos, de acordo com o fármaco aplicado: Epinefrina (n=12), Vasopressina (n=12) ou Salina (n=8). A glicemia basal foi mensurada e novamente aos 4 min, 8 min, após o primeiro choque aos 9 min (coincidindo com a 1ª dose de fármaco) e a cada 5 min. Resultados: O retorno da circulação espontânea ocorreu em 19 animais: grupo Epinefrina 10/12, vasopressina 7/12 e Salina 2/8, diferença significante somente entre Epinefrina e Salina (p=0,019). A evolução foi típica ao longo do suporte de vida em todos os grupos, com grande aumento da glicemia ocorrendo também no grupo controle. A cada instante, com apenas 2 min de suporte de vida, a glicemia dos animais que sobreviveram à parada cardíaca foi maior do que a glicemia dos animais que não sobreviveram (229 ± 15 mg/dL vs. 182 ± 15 mg/dL; p=0,041). Esta diferença foi notada aos 9 min, antes da 1ª dose de fármaco e se manteve ao longo de todo o experimento, com pico aos 14 min (263 ± 20 mg/dL vs. 178 ± 16 mg/dL; p=0,006). Conclusões: Houve uma evolução típica, com hiperglicemia durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar e concentrações maiores de glicose se associaram à sobrevivência da parada cardíaca. / Although hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in emergency conditions, limited data exist regarding the effects of serum glucose on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods and Results: In a prospective, blinded animal study, ventricular fibrillation was induced in 32 pigs. Standard CPR was initiated at 7 min and continued for up to 30 min or until the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The animals were randomly assigned into three groups according to the medication administered: epinephrine (n=12), vasopressin (n=12), and saline (n=8). The serum glucose was measured at baseline, 4 min, 8 min, 9 min (immediately after the first shock), with the first dose of medication, and then every 5 min. ROSC occurred in 19 pigs: in 10/12 of the epinephrine group, 7/12 of the vasopressin group, and 2/8 of the saline group. A significant difference in the ROSC rate was found only between the epinephrine and saline groups (p=0.019). The serum glucose presented a typical pattern; hyperglycemia was present in all the groups and was higher in those animals that achieved ROSC, independent of the drug administered (229 ± 15 mg/dL vs. 182 ± 15 mg/dL; p=0,041). This difference was first noticed at 9 min and the largest difference occurred at 14 min, after 7 min of CPR, and 5 min after the first medication (263 ± 20 mg/dL vs. 178 ± 16 mg/dL; p=0,006). Conclusions: In an experimental VF study, there was a typical hyperglycemic response pattern during CPR, and higher glucose levels were associated with ROSC.
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När hjärtat slutar slå : Upplevelser av livet efter ett hjärtstoppBrauer, Felicia, Enfeldt, Maria January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund: Ett hjärtstopp innebär att hjärtats pumpförmåga har blivit reducerad och inte kan tillgodose cirkulationssystemet med blod, vilket orsakar en cirkulationssvikt. Under 2017 räddades 1444 människor till livet efter ett plötsligt hjärtstopp. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att belysa patienters och anhörigas upplevda livskvalitet efter ett hjärtstopp. Metod: Metoden för studien var en litteraturöversikt baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Sju av de inkluderade vetenskapliga artiklarna riktades från ett patientperspektiv, fem var från ett anhörigperspektiv och en av artiklarna hade både patient- samt anhörig-perspektiv. De inkluderade artiklarna identifierades på databaserna PubMed och PsykINFO och de granskades med hjälp av SBU (2014) granskningsmall. Resultat: Litteraturöversiktens resultat presenterades utifrån fyra kategorier, vilka tre hade två subkategorier vardera. Patienterna upplevde händelsen som en emotionell utmaning som kantades av lidande och hopplöshet inför sina nya begränsningar. De upplevde ett existentiellt lidande över att inte kunna leva det liv som önskades och de fick ett nytt perspektiv på livet. Anhöriga blev i samband med hjärtstoppet rädda och chockade och de tyckte att ansvaret att behöva utföra HLR var betungande. Efter händelsen fick anhöriga en ökad arbetsbelastning och ett stort ansvar och deras livskvalitet påverkades på flera sätt. Slutsats: Ett hjärtstopp påverkar det vardagliga livet och livskvaliteteten hos både patienter och anhöriga. Stödet och informationen från vården till både patienter och anhöriga behöver bli bättre. / Background: A cardiac arrest implies that the heart's ability to provide the circulatory system with blood has been reduced, causing a circulatory failure. In 2017, 1444 people were saved to life after a sudden cardiac arrest. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to highlight the perceived quality of life of patients and their relatives after a cardiac arrest. Method: A literature review based on 13 qualitative articles. Seven of the included articles were described from a patient perspective, five from a relative's perspective and one of the articles had both patient and relative perspectives. The articles were identified on PubMed and PsykINFO. Quality assurance and a quality analysis were made using the SBU (2014) review template. Result: Results from the literature review were presented in four categories, three of which had two subcategories each. The patients experienced the event as an emotional challenge that was lined with suffering and hopelessness for their new limitations. They experienced an existential suffering over not being able to live the life they wanted and they got a new perspective on life. Relatives were afraid and shocked, they felt that the responsibility for having to perform CPR was difficult. After the incident, relatives had an increased workload and a greater responsibility and their quality of life were affected in several ways. Conclusion: A cardiac arrest affects the everyday life and quality of life of both patients and relatives. Support and information from the healthcare personnel to both patients and relatives need to be improved.
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Patienters upplevelser av att överleva hjärtstopp : En beskrivande litteraturstudieFernqvist, Anna, Rundberg, Lovisa January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: Ökad tillämpning av hjärt-lungräddning och användande av defibrillatorer har bidragit till att överlevnadsfrekvensen vid hjärtstopp har ökat. Sjuksköterskan möter därmed dessa personer i allt större utsträckning än tidigare i sin yrkesprofession och förhållningssättet kan ha betydelse för den drabbade. Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av att överleva hjärtstopp samt att granska datainsamlingsmetoden i de inkluderade vetenskapliga artiklarna. Metod: En sammanfattning av tidigare forskning har gjorts och sex kvalitativa samt fyra kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar utgör resultatet i denna beskrivande litteraturstudie. Huvudresultat: Att överleva hjärtstopp upplevdes som en livsomvälvande händelse i livet. Återkommande utmaningar i vardagen var rädsla, ångest och osäkerhet. Stöd av vårdpersonal, familj och vänner upplevdes som viktiga komponenter för att uppleva en känsla av trygghet och sammanhang i tillvaron. Ytterligare ett omfattande problem var hjärtstoppets påverkan på minnet. Viktiga återberättare av den traumatiska händelsen var sjukvårdspersonal och andra personer som varit närvarande vid hjärtstoppet. Hos de som överlevde hjärtstoppet sågs ett behov att dela med sig av sina erfarenheter till personer med liknande erfarenheter. Slutsatser: Majoriteten av de som överlevt hjärtstopp upplevde det som en traumatisk händelse. En händelse som resulterade i känslor som osäkerhet, rädsla och ångest men även en tacksamhet till livet. En sjuksköterska som identifierar patientens individuella behov kan hjälpa patienten att uppleva en ökad känsla av hanterbarhet, meningsfullhet och begriplighet i den rådande livsomvälvande situationen. / Background: Increased application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of defibrillators has contributed to increased cardiovascular survival rates. The nurse thus meets these persons to an increasing extent than before in their occupational profession and the attitude may have meaning to the victim. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to describe the patient's experience of surviving heart arrest and to review the data collection method in the included scientific articles. Method: A summary of previous research has been made and six qualitative and four quantitative scientific articles are the results of this descriptive literature study. Results: Surviving a heart arrest was experienced as a life-changing event in life. Recurring challenges in everyday life were fear, anxiety and insecurity. Support from healthcare professionals, family and friends was experienced as important components for experiencing a sense of security and coherence in existence. Another major problem was the impact of the cardiac arrest on memory. Important reporters of the traumatic event were healthcare professionals and other persons present at the heart arrest. In those who survived the heart arrest, there was a need to share their experiences with people with similar experiences. Conclusions: The majority of those who survived a heart arrest experienced it as a traumatic event. An event that resulted in feelings like insecurity, fear and anxiety but also a gratitude to life. A nurse who identifies the patient's individual needs can help the patient experience an increased sense of manageability, meaningfulness and comprehension in the current life-changing situation.
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Att överleva hjärtstopp : En litteraturöversikt om patienters erfarenheter / To survive cardiac arrest : A literature review of patients´experiencesEdvinsson, Selma, Wiklund, Sofia January 2018 (has links)
Bakgrund: Hjärtstopp är ett livshotande tillstånd och chansen för överlevnad ökar om hjärtrytmen återställs inom några minuter. Tidigt larm, hjärt- och lungräddning samt defibrillering är kedjan som räddar liv. Uppföljning och eftervård efter hjärtstopp ser olika ut beroende på var i världen patienten befinner sig och skiljer sig även mellan sjukhus i Sverige. Sjuksköterskor behöver känna till patienters erfarenheter av hjärtstopp för att kunna individanpassa bemötande och omvårdnad. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att överleva hjärtstopp. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes och baserades på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav sju stycken var kvalitativa åtta kvantitativa och en mixed method. Sökningarna gjordes i databaserna CINAHL Complete och Pubmed och analys utfördes enligt Friberg (2017). Resultat: I resultatet formades fyra teman: fysiska och psykiska förändringar, erfarenheter av vården, ett nytt sätt att leva och mening och gemenskap. Hjärtstopp medför både fysiska och psykiska förändringar som erfars både positivt och negativt av patienterna. Erfarenhet av sjukvården, behovet av stöd från familj och närstående, hälsa och livskvalitet är områden som berörts av hjärtstoppet. Diskussion: I metoddiskussionen diskuteras litteraturöversiktens styrkor och svagheter. Resultatdiskussionen har diskuterats utifrån Watsons teori om mänsklig omsorg, vetenskapliga artiklar, litteratur och de centrala delarna av patienters erfarenheter som framkom i resultatet. Författarna diskuterar hur vården kan individanpassas och förbättras utefter litteraturöversiktens resultat. / Background: Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition and the chance of survival increases if the heart rate is restored within a few minutes. Early alarm, cardiac and lung rescue and defibrillation is the chain that saves lives. Follow-up and post-treatment after cardiac arrest vary depending on where the patient is and is also different between hospitals in Sweden. Nurses need to know patient´s experiences of cardiac arrest in order to be able to personalize treatment and nursing. Aim: The purpose was to describe patients' experiences of surviving cardiac arrest. Method: A literature review was conducted and based on 16 scientific articles, seven of which were qualitative eight quantitative and one mixed method. The searches were made in the databases CINAHL Complete and Pubmed and analysis was conducted according to Friberg (2017). Results: In the result, four themes were formed: physical and mental changes, experiences of care, a new way of living and meaning and community. Cardiac arrest causes both physical and mental changes that are experienced both positively and negatively by the patients. The experience of healthcare, the need for support from family and close relatives, health and quality of life are areas affected by the cardiac arrest. Discussion: The method discussion discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the literature review. The outcome discussion has been discussed on the basis of Watson's theory of human concern, scientific articles, literature and the central parts of patients' experiences as expressed in the results. The authors discuss how care can be personalized and improved according to the results of the literature review.
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Avaliação do conhecimento de residentes em enfermagem e medicina acerca da parada e reanimação cardiorrespiratóriaGUEDES, Rafaella Satva de Melo Lopes 23 April 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-23 / No Brasil, cerca de 200.000 eventos de parada cardiorrespiratória ocorrem por ano e os profissionais mais presentes nesses eventos são enfermeiros e médicos residentes. A assistência qualificada durante a reanimação cardíaca aumenta a taxa de sucesso na ressuscitação. Por isso, é imprescindível que os profissionais mantenham-se aprimorados. A investigação da capacitação profissional é fundamental para que políticas de aperfeiçoamento sejam implantadas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento teórico de residentes em medicina e enfermagem acerca da Parada e Reanimação Cardiorrespiratória. Trata-se de um estudo explicativo, inferencial do tipo transversal realizado em Hospital Universitário. Foram incluídos na pesquisa 101 residentes categorizados nas áreas clínica e cirúrgica: 22 enfermeiros e 79 médicos, os quais responderam a um protocolo estruturado realizado com base na diretriz vigente da American Heart Association de 2010. O trabalho foi realizado durante o período de maio a novembro de 2013. O EPI INFO foi utilizado para construção do banco de dados com verificação de fidedignidade e o SPSS para análise descritiva e analítica. Foram utilizados os testes T-student, Qui-quadrado e o teste da ANOVA. Para tal foram consideradas o nível de significância de 5%. Como resultado, a dissertação originou dois artigos, um de revisão integrativa e um original. A revisão integrativa abordou a análise do conhecimento dos médicos e enfermeiros sobre parada e reanimação cardiorrespiratória nos artigos publicados entre 2008 e janeiro de 2013. O artigo original avaliou o conhecimento dos residentes em enfermagem e medicina sobre parada e reanimação cardiorrespiratória em hospital universitário. Este demonstrou deficiência em pontos importantes da reanimação cardiorrespiratória. A maioria dos profissionais (71,3%) nunca realizou aprimoramento em Parada e Reanimação Cardíaca. 87,3% dos médicos desconhecem a conduta prioritária após compressões torácicas. 71,3% indicam soco precordial inadequadamente e 40,6% não sabem a carga recomendada no desfibrilador bifásico. Mesmo as médias não sendo elevadas, a avaliação dos profissionais foi superior do que nas publicações encontradas. Além disso, o desempenho foi melhor nos profissionais que realizaram curso de suporte avançado de vida em cardiologia e nos que tiveram contato mais recente com parada cardíaca. Sugerem-se programas de aprimoramento nos hospitais para treinar os profissionais no reconhecimento da parada cardíaca e ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. / In Brazil , nearly two hundred thousand cardiopulmonary arrest events occur annually and professionals present in these events are more nurses and medical residents. The skilled assistance during cardiac resuscitation increases the success rate of resuscitation. Therefore, it is imperative that professionals keep themselves upgraded. Research the job training is essential for improving policies are deployed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the theoretical knowledge of residents in medicine and nursing about Cardiac arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. This is an explanatory, inferential cross-sectional study conducted at a university hospital. 101 categorized in clinical and surgical areas residents were included in the study: 22 nurses and 79 doctors who responded to a structured protocol developed based on current guideline from the American Heart Association, 2010, applied the technique of questionnaire. The EPI INFO was used to build the database to check for reliability and SPSS for descriptive and analytical analysis. The T-student, Qui-quadrado test and ANOVA tests were used. Variables were considered statistically significant with a level of significance was 5%. As a result the dissertation yielded two articles, one integrative review and an original. The integrative review approached the analysis of knowledge of doctors and nurses about cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in articles published between 2008 and january 2013. The original article assesses the knowledge of residents in nursing and medicine for cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a university hospital. This demonstrated deficiency in important points of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and even the means not being high, the evaluation of professionals was higher than that found in the publications. Moreover, the performance was better in the professionals who underwent a support advanced cardiac life and who had more recent contact with cardiac arrest. It is suggested improvement programs in hospitals to train professionals in recognition of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Creation of improvement programs in hospitals is suggested to train professionals in recognition of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Capacitação obrigatoria em primeiros socorros / Obligatory first aid trainingPergola-Marconato, Aline Maino, 1984- 14 August 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Dois aspectos são fundamentais e estão relacionados à sobrevivência em situações de emergência fora do ambiente hospitalar: a rápida ativação do serviço especializado e o desempenho dos socorristas leigos. A capacitação do leigo para atendimento em emergência é fundamental. O treinamento em primeiros socorros deve permitir a retenção e a aplicação do conhecimento. Conforme previsto no Código de Trânsito Brasileiro é obrigatório a todos os cidadãos que queiram obter a sua primeira habilitação ou tenham sua carteira de habilitação suspensa, freqüentar um curso teórico de 30 horas/aulas, o Curso de Formação de Condutores (CFC). Entre os temas abordados neste curso estão os primeiros socorros com carga horária total de seis horas/aulas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: verificar a contribuição dos CFC na capacitação da população para o atendimento de primeiros socorros; avaliar o perfil e o preparo dos instrutores; verificar como são desenvolvidas as aulas; verificar quais os conteúdos oferecidos e identificar o nível de retenção do conteúdo adquirido. Os instrutores (sujeitos-1) foram caracterizados por entrevista e, as aulas assistidas para conhecimento do conteúdo, seguindo um guia de observação. Aplicou-se o mesmo questionário em três etapas aos candidatos à habilitação/renovação (sujeitos-2): pré (Etapa I), pós (Etapa II) e três meses após o CFC (Etapa III). Foram assistidas aulas de três instrutores nos períodos disponíveis e dos cursos de primeira habilitação e renovação. A amostra dos sujeitos-1 foi constituída de 2/3 (66,7%) do sexo feminino; idade entre 30 a 38 anos; 1/3 (33,4%) cursou o ensino superior e os outros dois concluíram o ensino médio; atuam há mais de cinco anos e, 2/3 (66,7%) trabalharam em mais de uma auto-escola; apenas 1/3 (33,4%) tem preparação pedagógica (magistério); 1/3 (33,4%) participou de curso de primeiros socorros oferecido pelo Corpo de Bombeiros. Observou-se semelhanças nas aulas, havendo distinção na didática do instrutor. Os conteúdos oferecidos estão baseados na cartilha veiculada pela Conselho Nacional de Trânsito (CONTRAN) e contém sete tópicos principais: introdução, omissão de socorro, seqüência das ações de primeiros socorros, acionamento de recursos em caso de acidente, verificação das condições gerais da vítima, cuidados com a vítima e exercícios. A amostra foi constituída por 100 sujeitos-2, sendo 71% masculina, idade média de 39,9 (±13,87) anos e 41,8% concluíram o ensino médio. Quanto ao desempenho dos sujeitos-2, observou-se que a nota média na Etapa I foi de 6,2, na II de 7,1 e na III de 6,4 com diferenças entre as Etapas I e II, II e III (p<0,0001). Não houve diferença significativa ao considerar as variáveis primeira habilitação/renovação, período ou instrutor. Ocorreu assimilação temporária do conteúdo sem retenção do conhecimento. O curso de primeiros socorros, de caráter obrigatório, parece não atender aos propósitos, visto que os candidatos à habilitação/renovação não retém o conhecimento adquirido. Sugere-se atenção ao risco do despreparo para atuar de maneira adequada em situação de emergência / Abstract: Two aspects are basic and are related to survival in out of the hospital emergency situations: first call to specialized services and the layperson's action. The layperson's qualification for attendance in emergency is fundamental. The training in first aid must allow to the retention and the application of the knowledge. As foreseen in the Code of Brazilian Transit it is required all the citizens who want to get their driver's license or have it suspense, to frequent the theoric course with 30 hours/lessons, the Courses of Formation of Conductors (CFC). Among the boarded subjects in this course there is the first aid with a total schedule six hours/lessons. The objectives of this study have been: to verify the CFC contribution in the qualification of the population for the first aid answer; evaluate the profile and the formation of instructors; to verify how the classes are developed; to verify which contents are offered and to identify the level of retention of the acquired content. The instructors (subjects-1) had been caracterized by interview and the classes attended for the knowledge of the contents, following a comment guide. The same questionnaire was applied in three stages to the candidates (subjects-1): pre (Stage I), post (Stage II) and after three months CFC (Stage III). It was attended classes of three instructors in the available periods. The sample of the subjects-1 constituted of 2/3 (66,7%) female, age among 30/ years, 1/3 (33,4%) attended a superior course and the other two had concluded high school, they have acted for more than five years and 2/3 (66,7%) have worked more than one driving school, only 1/3 (33,4%) have a pedagogical preparation, 1/3 (33,4%) have participated of the first aid course offered by the rescuers. It was observed semilanties in the classes, having distinction in the didactic of the instructors. The offered contents are based on the books propagated by the Conselho Nacional de Trânsito (CONTRAN) and it contains seven main topics: introduction, aid omission, sequence of the first aid actions, drive of resources in accident case, verification of the general conditions of the victim, cares with the victim and exercises. The sample of subjects-2 was constituted by 100, 71% male, average age of 39,9(±13,87) years and 41,8% had concluded high school. As the performance of the subjevts-2, it was observed that the average grade in Stage I was of 6,2, in the II of 7,1 and in the III of 6,4 with differences among Stages I and II, II and III (p<0,001). There wasn't a significant differences if considering the variable first qualification/ reneuval, period or instructor. Temporary assimilation of the content without retention of the knowledge. The required first aid course seems not to reach the intentions, since the licenses' driver doesn't hold back the acquired knowledge. So it's suggested to pay attention to the risk of the unpreparedness act in emergency situation / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem
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Glicemia na ressuscitação cardiopulmonar / Serum glucose during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a predictor of outcomeManoel Angelo Gomes Palácio 18 August 2011 (has links)
Hiperglicemia está associada a mal prognóstico nas doenças crônicas e agudas, mas poucos estudos abordaram a glicemia durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução da glicemia em modelo de parada cardíaca similar ao atendimento atual dos casos de morte súbita extra-hospitalar. Métodos: Em estudo prospectivo, randomizado e cego, fibrilação ventricular foi induzida em 32 animais. Após 7 min, suporte de vida padrão foi iniciado e mantido até o retorno da circulação espontânea ou por 30 min no máximo. Os animais foram randomizados em três grupos, de acordo com o fármaco aplicado: Epinefrina (n=12), Vasopressina (n=12) ou Salina (n=8). A glicemia basal foi mensurada e novamente aos 4 min, 8 min, após o primeiro choque aos 9 min (coincidindo com a 1ª dose de fármaco) e a cada 5 min. Resultados: O retorno da circulação espontânea ocorreu em 19 animais: grupo Epinefrina 10/12, vasopressina 7/12 e Salina 2/8, diferença significante somente entre Epinefrina e Salina (p=0,019). A evolução foi típica ao longo do suporte de vida em todos os grupos, com grande aumento da glicemia ocorrendo também no grupo controle. A cada instante, com apenas 2 min de suporte de vida, a glicemia dos animais que sobreviveram à parada cardíaca foi maior do que a glicemia dos animais que não sobreviveram (229 ± 15 mg/dL vs. 182 ± 15 mg/dL; p=0,041). Esta diferença foi notada aos 9 min, antes da 1ª dose de fármaco e se manteve ao longo de todo o experimento, com pico aos 14 min (263 ± 20 mg/dL vs. 178 ± 16 mg/dL; p=0,006). Conclusões: Houve uma evolução típica, com hiperglicemia durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar e concentrações maiores de glicose se associaram à sobrevivência da parada cardíaca. / Although hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in emergency conditions, limited data exist regarding the effects of serum glucose on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods and Results: In a prospective, blinded animal study, ventricular fibrillation was induced in 32 pigs. Standard CPR was initiated at 7 min and continued for up to 30 min or until the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The animals were randomly assigned into three groups according to the medication administered: epinephrine (n=12), vasopressin (n=12), and saline (n=8). The serum glucose was measured at baseline, 4 min, 8 min, 9 min (immediately after the first shock), with the first dose of medication, and then every 5 min. ROSC occurred in 19 pigs: in 10/12 of the epinephrine group, 7/12 of the vasopressin group, and 2/8 of the saline group. A significant difference in the ROSC rate was found only between the epinephrine and saline groups (p=0.019). The serum glucose presented a typical pattern; hyperglycemia was present in all the groups and was higher in those animals that achieved ROSC, independent of the drug administered (229 ± 15 mg/dL vs. 182 ± 15 mg/dL; p=0,041). This difference was first noticed at 9 min and the largest difference occurred at 14 min, after 7 min of CPR, and 5 min after the first medication (263 ± 20 mg/dL vs. 178 ± 16 mg/dL; p=0,006). Conclusions: In an experimental VF study, there was a typical hyperglycemic response pattern during CPR, and higher glucose levels were associated with ROSC.
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