The successive struggle of Perge Antique City to resist against aging is clearly signified by Hellenistic Towers Ruins, parts of which still reaches up to 20 m high. Being a most reflecting example located at Anatolia, it clearly signifies its construction period and function compared to other examples that constitutes the same features. However, There exist a certain requirement of detailed and wide ranging conservation study for finding remedy to cope with risk of further collapse, which is originated from the slender geometry of Towers Remains. Therefore, the need of a survey on the structural behaviour of towers with non-linear analytical modelling techniques is fulfilled in this study. Preliminary analytical modelling (linear-elastic, macro models) was performed by using SAP2000 while, following detailed discrete stone element modelling examinations were performed with ANSYS-Ls DYNA, ABAQUS Software. Verification for simulations were made with results related with ambient vibration dynamic testing performed at Eastern Tower and Closed-form, simple calculations. In the light of results bound to structural behaviour investigation on reconstitution, stability performance of today&#039 / s ruins was examined against seismic activities. Four different strengthening methods were considered and their contributions to stability were compared in order to reach at the most appropriate intervention scheme obeying contemporary restoration criteria. The study formed a significant sub branch work of a restoration project of which charge was undertaken by SAYKA Restoration, Architecture Ltd. Co. Being a part of multi-disciplinary teamwork, structural investigation research was concluded to an optimum solution, which foreseen &ldquo / minimum intervention to the building&rdquo / assuring performance under seismic loading of large earthquakes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America. / Vita. "Select bibliography": p. [v]-vii.

La période de la fin du XIXe et du début du XXe siècle est celle d’une expansion territoriale de l’Europe dans le monde. Cette expansion a cherché à se légitimer par le biais d’un discours qui se voulait humaniste : l’homme blanc, fort de sa supériorité raciale et culturelle, se devait d’aider les autres populations à atteindre un stade avancé de développement.Les historiens français et britanniques ayant travaillé sur l’Égypte lagide y ont, eux aussi, été sensibles. Les hellénistes ont amalgamé l’hellénisme à la culture européenne contemporaine, faisant de l’Égypte hellénistique un modèle. Ce dernier laissait un héritage que seuls les empires européens étaient capables de recueillir. De leur côté, les égyptologues, sensibles aux canons du Nouvel Empire, centrés sur la culture égyptienne, tout en acceptant l’idée du colonialisme civilisateur des barbares, considéraient la présence grecque en Égypte comme un corps étranger déstructurant une société déjà en déclin.Cette présente étude se propose d’analyser la réception de l’Égypte hellénistique à la lueur des paradigmes coloniaux, à travers les écrits de six savants : Pierre Jouguet (1869-1949), Auguste Bouché-Leclercq (1842-1923), Gaston Maspero (1846-1916), John Pentland Mahaffy (1839-1919), Harold Idris Bell (1879-1967) et William Matthew Flinders Petrie (1853-1942). / The period from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is that of a territorial expansion of Europe in the world. This expansion has sought to legitimize itself through a speech that was meant humanistic: the white man, with his racial and cultural superiority, had to help other people reach an advanced stage of development. The French and British historians who have worked on Ptolemaic Egypt have also been affected by it. The Hellenists amalgamated Hellenism to contemporary European culture, making a model of Hellenistic Egypt. This left a legacy that only the European empires were able to collect. For their part, Egyptologists, sensitive to the canons of the New Kingdom, centered on Egyptian culture, while accepting the idea of civilizing colonialism barbarians, saw the Greek presence in Egypt as a foreign body destabilizing a society already in decline. This study aims to analyze the reception of Hellenistic Egypt in light of colonial paradigms, through the writings of six scientists: Pierre Jouguet (1869-1949), Auguste Bouché-Leclercq (1842-1923), Gaston Maspero (1846-1916), John Pentland Mahaffy (1839-1919), Harold Idris Bell (1879-1967) and Flinders Petrie (1853-1942).

L’étude de la Lydie antique s’est traditionnellement concentrée sur deux points : les recherches sur les origines de la monnaie et la période lydo-perse d’une part, et la cité de Sardes d’autre part. Cette recherche propose d’étudier cette région à partir d’un corpus numismatique, afin d’établir l’histoire de la Lydie à travers les différentes expériences impériales des époques hellénistique et romaine. Avec la conquête d’Alexandre le Grand et l’installation de l’ordre séleucide, la Lydie entre pleinement dans le monde grec. Avec l’extension de la puissance pergaménienne, et donc la rivalité croissante entre les Attalides et les Séleucides, les cités lydiennes se trouvent au coeur des grands enjeux internationaux de la période. Malgré l’installation romaine à la fin du IIe siècle avant J.-C., la Lydie reste troublée par les tensions de la basse époque hellénistique. L’étude de la période impériale ouvre d’autres perspectives : questionner la rupture traditionnelle entre période hellénistique et romaine, appréhender les conséquences la réforme monétaire d’Auguste, étudier les relations entre hellénisme et romanité et apporter un éclairage nouveau sur la « crise » du IIIe siècle. Cette étude propose d’inscrire la Lydie dans un temps long permettant de questionner les modalités de son intégration aux espaces impériaux qui la dominent et d’interroger les processus d’hellénisation et de romanisation d’une région orientale au passé prestigieux / The study of antique Lydia has traditionally been focused on two lines: research on the origin of the money and the Lydo-Persian period on the one hand, and the city of Sardis on the other hand. The aim of this research is to study the history of this region from a collection of numismatic sources, to establish the story of Lydia through the different imperial experience of the Hellenistic and Imperial areas. With Alexander’s conquest and the installation of the Seleucid’s organisation, Lydia completely joined the Greek world. With the extension of Pergamon’s power, and the rising rivalry between the Attalids and the Seleucids, Lydian cities found themselves at the heart of the time period’s major international issues. Despite the Roman settlement in Asia Minor at the end of the second century B.C., Lydia experienced tensions from lower Hellenistic period on. The study of the imperial period opens up other perspectives: disregarding the traditional separation between the Hellenistic and the Roman periods, grasping the consequences of Augustus’s monetary reform, reviewing the links between Hellenism and Romanity, and providing a new light upon the “crisis” of the Third century. This study would fit Lydia into a long time period, questioning its integration into imperial spaces which prevail over, and questioning the process of Hellenisation and Romanisation of a region which has a glorious past

No description available.

Cette étude de l’organisation spatiale des cités phéniciennes et des rapports qu’elles entretiennent avec leurs arrière-pays, entre le règne de Darius III (336-330 av. J.-C.) et l’arrivée de Pompée en Orient (66 av. J.-C.), s’appuie sur un corpus archéologiques de cinquante-trois sites identifiés au Liban, en Syrie et en Israël. Le développement des études phéniciennes à partir du XIXe siècle a favorisé l’étude de problématiques centrées sur le lien entre les Phéniciens et la Méditerranée. L’essor, ces dernières années, d’études abordant les dynamiques spatiales comme témoins du rapport des sociétés anciennes à leur territoire invite à repenser ce lien, en étudiant l’organisation des cités et leurs rapports avec leurs-arrière-pays. Représentés par des réseaux d’interaction et de hiérarchie modélisés entre les cinquante-trois sites du corpus, ces rapports sont examinés au miroir du contexte historique hellénistique. Ce dernier, étudié à échelle régionale et locale, livre les grandes logiques géopolitiques impliquant la Phénicie à cette époque, ainsi que des données qui alimentent la représentation des réseaux. Le croisement des données historiques et des résultats de modélisation des réseaux débouche sur une lecture dynamique des arrière-pays phéniciens, principalement centrée sur le fonctionnement politique et les activités commerciales et religieuses des cités / This study of the spatial organization of the Phoenician cities and the link they maintained with their hinterlands between the reign of Darius III (336-330 BC) and the arrival of Pompey in the East (66 BC) is based on an archeological corpus of fifty-three archeological sites identified in Lebanon, Syria and Israel. The development of Phoenician studies from the 19th century onward favoured approaches focusing on the link between the Phoenicians and the Mediterranean Sea. Today, an increasing number of studies are reconsidering the link between the ancient societies and their territories in the light of spatial analysis. Such an approach is used here to study the Phoenician cities and their hinterlands. The links between the fifty-three sites of the corpus are modeled by spatial interaction networks and hierarchical networks and compared with the Hellenistic historical context. This context is studied on a regional and local scale and explains the general geopolitics of Phoenicia at this time. It is also a source of data used in the network models. The cross referencing of historical data and network models offers a dynamic view of the Phoenician hinterlands mostly centered on the political functioning and the commercial and religious activities of the cities

Orientador: Paulo Sergio de Vasconcellos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T11:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_SidneyCalheirosde_D.pdf: 4349754 bytes, checksum: 20121ead18adbfbc21105ec1bee4948f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Os cinco livros do De finibus bonorum et malorum de Cícero, obra publicada em 45 a.C., constituem três diálogos em que são discutidas as doutrinas morais de três escolas filosóficas da época helenística. O primeiro diálogo trata do pensamento de Epicuro; no segundo, discute-se o pensamento dos estóicos; o terceiro, por fim, contempla a filosofia moral de Antíoco, pensador grego contemporâneo de Cícero cujo nome está ligado à Academia. No presente trabalho, nós apresentamos a tradução dessa obra em Português acompanhada de notas explicativas que tratam de alguns aspectos dramáticos, históricos, culturais e filosóficos que nos pareceram pertinentes a uma boa compreensão das discussões que são representadas em cada um dos diálogos. Para introduzir o texto da tradução, nós apresentamos um estudo, que se divide em dois capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, nós nos propomos investigar o gênero literário a que pertence o De finibus, isto é, o diálogo filosófico, dando uma especial atenção a seu estatuto mimético e às relações que esse gênero mantém com outras formas de discurso que foram cultivadas na Antigüidade. No segundo capítulo, foi nosso objetivo analisar o caso específico do De finibus. Dessa forma, nós estudamos a maneira como o autor unifica os três diálogos sob a forma de um tratado e analisamos as relações que existem entre o gênero dialógico e o método de investigação que consiste em in utramque partem dicere com vistas a descobrir aquilo que é mais probabile no que diz respeito a uma quaestio. Por fim, nós examinamos a composição mimética dos diálogos particulares para propor algumas interpretações a respeito da maneira como a utilização das diferentes cenas e das personagens e também a organização da obra sob a forma de um tratado puderam servir à argumentação do autor. / Doutorado / Letras Classicas / Doutor em Linguística

Este trabalho pretende discutir de que forma a noção de heroísmo foi abordada nas Argonáuticas de Apolônio de Rodes em oposição ao conceito de herói presente nos poemas homéricos. A análise se baseará na distinção entre as personagens Jasão e Héracles como exemplos de modos de atuação díspares e conflitantes no poema. A tradução dos livros I e n das Argonáuticas complementa o estudo. / This work intends to discuss the notion of heroism present in Apollonius Rhodius\' Argonautica in opposition to the concept of hero in Homeric poems. The analysis is based on the distinction between the characters Jason and Heracles as examples of different and conflicting ways of action. The translation of Argonautica books I and n complements the study.

A pesquisa que intitulamos - Ektheósis Arsinoes: o culto de Arsinoe II Filadelfo, tem como objetivo analisar as razões, formato e alcance do culto religioso criado por Ptolomeu II Filadelfo para honrar a sua irmã-esposa. Sabe-se que a visão que os autores antigos e estudiosos modernos têm a respeito da rainha Arsinoe II era controversa no passado e continua a ser nos dias atuais. Da rainha ambiciosa a esposa devotada, poucos documentos existem sobre a sua passagem no Egito na década de 280/270 a.C. quando ela se tornou rainha durante o governo de seu irmão, embora a grande maioria dos testemunhos data do período que se segue à sua morte. Quem foi Arsinoe II Filadelfo? Por que Ptolomeu II estabeleceu um culto em memória de sua irmã-esposa? A importância de Arsinoe II pareceu residir na imagem de devoção popular que se criou em torno de sua pessoa, e que acabou favorecendo e prestigiando a dinastia Lagida. A nossa pesquisa se baseia em primeiro lugar na análise das fontes materiais, mas também das fontes textuais tanto do século III a.C. quanto de séculos posteriores. Partimos de uma exposição do fundo histórico em que se baseou e se constituiu a monarquia ptolomaica. Em seguida, refletimos brevemente sobre o papel e o status das rainhas helenísticas e faraônicas na antiguidade. No último capítulo, nos respaldando nos princípios teóricos e metodológicos da arqueologia do culto propostos por Colin Renfrew, fazemos uma longa digressão acerca das razões que levaram Ptolomeu II a estabelecer um culto para Arsinoe II nas esferas grega e egípcia da população. / This research, entitled - Ektheósis Arsinoes: Arsinoe II Philadelphus cult, has as its aim to analyze the reasons, the shape and the diffusion of the religious cult created by Ptolemy II Philadelphus to honor his sister-wife. It is well known that the historical character of Queen Arsinoe II has been controversial since the beginning of studies on Ptolemaic Egypt. From ambitious queen to dedicated wife, there are few documents regarding her life in Egypt in the decade of 280/270 B.C. when she became queen during her brother's reign. The majority of the testimonies are dated to the period after her death. Who was Arsinoe II Philadelphus? Why did Ptolemy II established a cult in memory of his sister-wife? Arsinoe's II importance seems to reside on the image of popular devotion created around her, which ended up favoring and giving prestige to the Lagid dynasty. Our research is based, first of all, on the analysis of material sources, as well as on the written sources both from the 2nd century B.C. and from later centuries. We begin with the discussion of the historical background of the ptolemaic monarchy. Next, we briefly establish some thoughts on the role and the status of the Hellenistic and Pharaonic queens in antiquity. In the last chapter, using Colin Renfrew's theoretical and methodological principles regarding cult archaeology, we make a long digression over the reasons that led Ptolemy II to establish a cult for Arsinoe II both within the Greek and the Egyptian population.

La volonté : peu de termes reviennent dans des débats aussi nombreux et aussi divers ; peu se prêtent à un aussi large éventail de registres, de l’ordinaire au sacré. Mon travail voudrait introduire à la notion de volonté chez Cicéron, et aux nouveaux champs sémantiques ouverts par lui pour la postérité. Le rôle accordé à lui jusqu’ici dans les généalogies de la volonté a été au mieux mineur. Mais les archives numériques confirment un fait curieux : tout le corpus latin antérieur à Cicéron contient environ 25 occurrences de voluntas ou de ses formes déclinées. Dans le seul corpus cicéronien, le mot apparaît 644 fois. Sa théologie pense l’univers en tant qu’il est déterminé par la mens ac voluntas des dieux, et fait passer le progrès de l’âme par la contemplation de la volonté divine. La voluntas est centrale dans sa réflexion sur l’émotion et la responsabilité en contexte judiciaire. Dans ses traités philosophiques, il adapte l’éthique stoïcienne et fait de la volonté le siège de la progression morale. En outre, c’est Cicéron et non Lucrèce qui a le premier examiné la liberté du vouloir humain : lorsqu’il entreprit, à trente-six ans, l’accusation de Verrès, puis dans le De fato, où sa défense de la libera voluntas mobilise le Portique et l’Académie contre le Jardin. Enfin, Cicéron invente la volonté du peuple telle que nous la connaissons. Le plus grand orateur romain, pionnier de la pensée politique de langue latine, fait de la voluntas populi la force agissante d’une république souveraine. Son idée de la volonté populaire contient d’ailleurs en germe les problèmes de représentativité des élites que nos démocraties électorales cherchent encore à résoudre. / The will : few words feature in so many distinct debates, nor range so vastly from the simple to the sacred. This thesis is intended to provide a thorough study of the notion of will in Cicero, and of the new semantic pathways he opens for posterity. The role attributed to him in genealogies of the will has been relatively minor. But digital archives confirm a curious fact: all extant Latin texts prior to his lifetime yield around two dozen occurrences of voluntas and its cognates. In the texts we have, Cicero uses the word 644 times. His theology examines the character of the world determined by the mens ac voluntas of the gods, and the improvement of the soul in the contemplation of divine will. Voluntas propels and inspires Cicero’s study of emotion in criminal liability. In the Tusculan Disputations and De officiis, he adapts Stoic ethics to propose the will as locus of moral progress. Further, it was Cicero, not Lucretius as some have argued, who first considered the “freedom” of human will – as a 36-year-old prosecutor, and then in the De fato, where his argument for libera voluntas marshals the Stoa and Academy to repudiate the Epicureans. Finally, Cicero invents “the will of the people” as we know it. Rome’s greatest orator and the pioneer of political thought in Latin, he makes voluntas populi the catalyzing force of a sovereign republic. So too does he sow problems of elite “trusteeship” into his notion of popular will, problems which electoral democracies still struggle to resolve.