Submitted by Maria Cristina (library@lncc.br) on 2017-08-15T12:41:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-AlanAmad.pdf: 1027916 bytes, checksum: 93213f6249bbd63baedc4a55d7c431b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Cristina (library@lncc.br) on 2017-08-15T12:52:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-AlanAmad.pdf: 1027916 bytes, checksum: 93213f6249bbd63baedc4a55d7c431b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T12:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-AlanAmad.pdf: 1027916 bytes, checksum: 93213f6249bbd63baedc4a55d7c431b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) / Numerical methods to solve the Helmholtz equation have to deal with the so-called numerical pollution effect generated by the phase error in the approximation solution. The Quasi Optimal Petrov-Galerkin method (QOPG) proposed by Loula and Fernandes (2009) and the Quasi Optimal Finite Difference method (QOFD) proposed by Fernandes and Loula (2010) present optimal rates of convergence and reduced pollution effects when applied to Helmholtz problems with large wave numbers. Both QOPG and QOFD stencils are obtained numerically by minimizing a least squares functional of the local truncation error for plane wave solutions at any direction. In one dimension this formulations leads to a nodally exact stencil, with no truncation error, for uniform or non-uniform meshes. In two dimensions, when applied to a uniform cartesian grid, a 9-point sixth order stencil is derived with the same truncation error of the Quasi Stabilized Finite Element Method (QSFEM) introduced by Babu\v ska et al. (1995). In the present work a post-processing method is proposed to recover higher-order approximations based on QOPG/QOFD formulations for Helmholtz problem on nested meshes. This approach is interesting because the pollution effects are reduced by QOPG/QOFD formulations and highly accurate approximations are obtained by the proposed post-processing technique with low computational cost. It is also presented a technique for exactly impose Robin boundary conditions in order to preserve the sixth order of the truncation error in incomplete stencils of QOFD at the boundary. We presented numerical simulations, of the results obtained for the proposed post-processing using Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions for the formulations QOPG/QOFD. / Os métodos numéricos para resolver a equação de Helmholtz têm de lidar com o assim chamado efeito de poluição numérica, gerado pelo erro de fase na solução aproximada. Para reduzir o efeito de poluição do problema de Helmholtz, foram desenvolvidos métodos de poluição mínima, tais como o método Quasi Optimal Petrov-Galerkin (QOPG), proposto por Loula e Fernandes (2009), e o método Quasi Optimal Finite Difference (QOFD) proposto por Fernandes e Loula (2010). Os stencils do QOFD e do QOPG são obtidos numericamente pela minimização do funcional de mínimos quadrados do erro de truncamento local para soluções de ondas planas em qualquer direção. Em uma dimensão, os métodos QOFD e QOPG geram um stencil nodalmente exato, sem erro de truncamento, para malhas uniformes e não uniformes. Em duas dimensões, quando aplicados a uma malha uniforme, um stencil de nove pontos de sexta ordem é derivado com o mesmo erro de truncamento do Quasi Stabilized Finite Element Method (QSFEM), introduzido por Babuska et al. (1995). Neste trabalho é proposto um método de pós-processamento para recuperar aproximações de alta ordem baseado nas formulações QOPG/QOFD para o problema de Helmholtz utilizando malhas aninhadas. Esta abordagem é interessante porque os efeitos de poluição são reduzidos pelas formulações QOPG/QOFD e aproximações altamente precisas são obtidas pela técnica de pós-processamento proposta, com baixo custo computacional. Também é apresentada uma técnica para imposição de condições de contorno de Robin exatas, visando preservar a sexta ordem do erro de truncamento em stencils incompletos do QOFD vizinhos à fronteira. Apresentamos simulações numéricas dos resultados obtidos para o pós-processamento proposto com condições de contorno de Dirichlet e de Robin para as formulações QOPG/QOFD.

La mise en œuvre de la méthode des éléments finis de frontière nécessite l'évaluation d'intégrales comportant un intégrand singulier. Un calcul fiable et précis de ces intégrales peut dans certains cas se révéler à la fois crucial et difficile. La méthode que nous proposons consiste en une réduction récursive de la dimension du domaine d'intégration et aboutit à une représentation de l'intégrale sous la forme d'une combinaison linéaire d'intégrales mono-dimensionnelles dont l'intégrand est régulier et qui peuvent s'évaluer numériquement mais aussi explicitement. L'équation de Helmholtz 3-D sert d'équation modèle mais ces résultats peuvent être utilisés pour les équations de Laplace et de Maxwell 3-D. L'intégrand est décomposé en une partie homogène et une partie régulière ; cette dernière peut être traitée par les méthodes usuelles d'intégration numérique. Pour la discrétisation du domaine, des triangles plans sont utilisés ; par conséquent, nous évaluons des intégrales sur le produit de deux triangles. La technique que nous avons développée nécessite de distinguer entre diverses configurations géométriques ; c'est pourquoi nous traitons séparément le cas de triangles coplanaires, dans des plans sécants ou parallèles. Divers prolongements significatifs de la méthode sont présentés : son extension à l'électromagnétisme, l'évaluation de l'intégrale du noyau de Green complet pour les coefficients d'auto-influence, et le calcul de la partie finie d'intégrales hypersingulières. / The implementation of the boundary element method requires the evaluation of integrals with a singular integrand. A reliable and accurate calculation of these integrals can in some cases be crucial and difficult. The proposed method is a recursive reduction of the dimension of the integration domain and leads to a representation of the integral as a linear combination of one-dimensional integrals whose integrand is regular and that can be evaluated numerically and even explicitly. The 3-D Helmholtz equation is used as a model equation, but these results can be used for the Laplace and the Maxwell equations in 3-D. The integrand is decomposed into a homogeneous part and a regular part, the latter can be treated by conventional numerical integration methods. For the discretization of the domain we use planar triangles, so we evaluate integrals over the product of two triangles. The technique we have developped requires to distinguish between several geometric configurations, that's why we treat separately the case of triangles in the same plane, in secant planes and in parallel planes.

Ο ήχος είναι ένα αρκετά παλιό πεδίο έρευνας, όμως μέχρι και σήμερα πολλές πτυχές του παραμένουν ανεξερεύνητες. Έτσι ακόμη και στις μέρες μας, παραμένει ελκυστική ερευνητική περιοχή για αρκετούς επιστήμονες. Ορισμένα από τα σύγχρονα επιστημονικά πεδία της ακουστικής είναι: η ακουστική χώρων, η ψυχοακουστική, η μουσική ακουστική, η ανάλυση φωνής, η ηλετρoακουστική, η ψηφιακή επεξεργασία ακουστικού σήματος, η υποβρύχια ακουστική, η ακουστική οικολογία, η περιβαλλοντική ακουστική, η αρχιτεκτονική ακουστική και άλλα. Κύριο αντικείμενο της διατριβής αποτελεί η μελέτη των συντονιστών Helmholtz. Για τον σκοπό της μελέτης αυτής υλοποιήθηκαν εξομοιώσεις σε περιβάλλον πεπερασμένων στοιχείων, μελετήθηκε η συμβολή των συντονιστών στην ακουστική των αρχαίων θεάτρων και υλοποιήθηκαν μοντέλα με τη βοήθεια ψηφιακών φίλτρων. Οι διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις στη μελέτη των συντονιστών έχουν μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον, αφενός για την περαιτέρω γνώση των αρχών λειτουργίας τους, αφετέρου, για τη δημιουργία νέων υπολογιστικών εργαλείων, που χωρίς να απαιτούν μεγάλη υπολογιστική ισχύ προβλέπουν με σχετική ακρίβεια την συμπεριφορά τους στο ακουστικό πεδίο. / Sound is considered to be an old research field, but till now many of its aspects remain unexplored. Thus, it is found to be an attractive research area by several scientists. Some of the modern scientific fields of acoustics are: room acoustics, psychoacoustics, musical acoustics, speech analysis, electroacoustics, digital audio signal processing, underwater acoustics, acoustic ecology, environmental acoustics, architectural acoustics and other. The main object of this thesis is the study of Helmholtz resonators. In this study simulations in finite element environment were carried out and it was studied the contribution of the coordinators of the acoustics of ancient theaters as well as the implementation of complex models by using digital filters. The different approaches to the study of the resonators are of great interest both for further knowledge of the principles of their acoustic behavior and for creating new computational tools that they do not require large computational power to predict with fairly accuracy their behavior in the acoustic field.

\"Discovered\" is the English-language edition of our research magazine; it is published once a year. The magazine\'s German-language edition \"entdeckt\" is published biannually. Each new issue of this easy-to-read magazine has a major focus, be it magnetic fields and forces, nuclear safety research, the DRESDEN-concept research alliance or cancer research. The magazine keeps you informed about research at the HZDR, new staff members or work groups as well as interesting events.

Jede Ausgabe des Magazins enthält ein Schwerpunkt-Thema, wie der Einsatz von Magnetfeldern für die Forschung ("entdeckt" 1/2012), das gesellschaftlich brisante Thema der Endlagerung von radioaktivem Abfall (JOURNAL Nr. 5) oder der Einsatz von ionisierender Strahlung gegen die Volkskrankheit Krebs (JOURNAL Nr. 3). Darüber hinaus können Sie weitere Forschungsnachrichten lesen oder sich über neue Mitarbeiter und Arbeitsgruppen bzw. über interessante Veranstaltungen informieren.

[pt] A estabilidade do escoamento estratificado de ar e água, sujeito a perturbações periódicas no nível de líquido, é investigada numericamente em um duto horizontal. Selecionou-se o Modelo de Dois Fluidos unidimensional para a simulação do escoamento. As equações de conservação de massa e de quantidade de movimento linear para as fases gás e líquido são discretizadas de acordo com o método dos Volumes Finitos. O acoplamento entre as equações é resolvido sequencialmente com uma versão modificada do método PRIME. Perturbações no nível de líquido foram introduzidas de maneira controlada na entrada da tubulação. A evolução dessas perturbações, ao longo da tubulação, é analisada e os resultados são comparados com as previsões fornecidas por um modelo baseado na teoria linear de Kelvin-Helmholtz. A velocidade de propagação, a frequência e o número de onda das perturbações apresentam excelente concordância entre a simulação e modelo, indicando que, de fato, ambas abordagens são capazes de prever características fundamentais dessas ondas. As taxas de crescimento previstas pelo modelo e as obtidas na simulação, também, foram comparadas apresentando razoável concordância. Os resultados mostram que a frequência da perturbação tem influência na taxa de amplificação e que ondas com frequências mais altas tendem a serem mais instáveis. Para tubulações longas, efeitos não lineares podem ser observados em regiões afastadas da entrada da tubulação. Nesse estágio é possível observar alterações no mecanismo de crescimento das perturbações. / [en] The stability of stratified air-water flow under the influence of periodic disturbances in the liquid level is investigated numerically for a horizontal pipe. One-dimensional two-fluid model is used for flow simulation. Conservation equations for mass and linear momentum are discretized for both phases using a finite volume method. Coupling between equations is achieved by sequentially solving a modified version of PRIME method. Controlled disturbances are introduced in the flow by oscillating the liquid level at the pipe inlet. The evolution of the generated disturbances along the pipe is analyzed and the results are compared with predictions given by a model based on linear theory of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH). An excellent agreement is obtained for velocity, frequency and wave number of the perturbations. This indicates that both approaches are capable to predict the fundamental characteristics of the waves. Amplifications rates predicted by simulation and model have been also compared and the results show a reasonable agreement. It is found that the frequency of the perturbations plays a role in the amplification rate. For increasingly higher frequencies the disturbances tends to be more unstable. The analysis is extended for long pipes, in such cases the growth rates changes at locations far from the inlet. It is conjectured that non linear mechanisms are related to observations.

Cette thèse porte sur le traitement mathématique du problème de Hele-Shaw dans l’approximation de Stokes-Leibenson. À l’aide d’une transformation de type Helmholtz- Kirchhoff, nous explicitons une équation d’évolution du contour fluide valable pour tout type d’écoulement plan. Cette équation généralise des résultats précédents et permet alors d’établir un schéma numérique performant dit du quasi-contour, qui se réduit à un problème de Cauchy. Nous considérons ensuite l’étude du problème par transformations conformes menant à l’équation de Polubarinova-Galin. Dans le cas simple d’un contour représenté par un trinôme à coefficients réels, nous réussissons à expliciter la solution exacte du problème. Notons que les trajectoires des solutions exactes permettent de préciser la position de la frontière des domaines d’univalence décrits par les trinômes. Enfin, nous introduisons des paramètres de contrôle sous forme de coefficients d’un multipôle superposé à la source. Des conditions suffisantes de contrôlabilité sont établies et des résultats de contrôle optimal sont explicités pour les solutions binomiales et trinomiales. L’introduction de paramètres de contrôle permet de comprendre le lien qui relie les moments de Richardson à l’équation de Polubarinova-Galin. / This PhD thesis deals with the mathematical treatment of the Hele–Shaw problem in the Stokes–Leibenson approximation. By an Helmholtz–Kirchhoff transformation, we exhibited an evolutive equation of the fluid contour applicable to all type of planar fows. This equation generalizes previous results and also allows to state an efficient numerical scheme called quasi-contour’s, which is a simple Cauchy problem. We then consider the study of this problem using conformal transformations leading to the Polubarinova-Galin equation. In the simple case of a contour representing by a trinomial with real coefficients, we succeeded in exhibiting the exact solution of the problem. Notice that the trajectories of the exact solutions enable to precise the position of frontiers of univalent domains described by trinomials. Finally, we introduce control parameters under the form of coefficients of a multipole superposed to the source. Sufficient conditions of controllability are stated and results on optimal control established for the binomial and trinomial cases. Introduction of control parameters allows us to understand the link, which bound Richardson’s moments to the Polubarinova-Galin equation.

Mein Ziel ist eine Begründung der Physik aus der Operationalisierung ihrer Grundmaße. Wir beginnen mit der klassischen und relativistischen Kinematik. Dann greifen wir einen programmatischen Entwurf von Heinrich Hertz auf und gelangen über die Quantifizierung von Energie und Impuls zu den Bewegungsgleichungen und dem Wirkungsfunktional. Den Abschluß bildet eine relativistische Revision der Energie, Impuls und Massenvorstellung. Das Ziel ist nicht primär, den mathematischen Aufbau der Mechanik zu ändern oder zu verbessern, sondern ein tieferes physikalisches Verständnis der Mechanik zu erlangen, so wie Einstein mit seinen Gedankenexperimenten zur relativistischen Kinematik. Ausgehend von anerkannten Messhandlungen und Naturprinzipien wird der mathematische Formalismus erst erzeugt und somit neu beleuchtet. Die Arbeit steht damit im selben Kontext wie die aktuellen Bemühungen zur "Fundierung der Quantenmechanik", nur eben mit Bezug auf die Interpretation der klassischen und relativistischen Kalküle. / My objective is a foundation of physics from the operationalization of its basic observables. We begin with classical and relativistic kinematics. Seizing on a programmatic proposal by Heinrich Hertz we arrive via quantification of energy-momentum at the equations of motion and the action functional. Finally we present a relativistic revision of energy, momentum and inertial mass. The goal is not primarily to change or improve the mathematical structure of mechanics, but to gain a deeper physical understanding of mechanics like Einstein with his gendanken experiments on relativistic kinematics. Starting from undisputed measurement operations and natural principles the mathematical formalism is only created and thus shown in a new light. This work is in the same context as current efforts to the "foundation of quantum mechanics", just with respect to the interpretation of the classical and relativistic calculuses.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_danieltf.pdf: 1240547 bytes, checksum: d1fac8fed2c288c3581c57065cf2c0c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-02 / Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / It is well known that classical finite elements or finite difference methods for Helmholtz problem present pollution effects that can severely deteriorate the quality of the approximate solution. To control pollution effects is especially difficult on non uniform meshes. For uniform meshes of square elements pollution effects can be minimized with the Quasi Stabilized Finite Element Method (QSFEM) proposed by Babus\v ska el al, for example. In the present work we initially present two relatively simple Petrov-Galerkin finite element methods, referred here as RPPG (Reduced Pollution Petrov-Galerkin) and QSPG (Quasi Stabilized Petrov-Galerkin), with reasonable robustness to some type of mesh distortion. The QSPG also shows minimal pollution, identical to QSFEM, for uniform meshes with square elements. Next we formulate the QOFD (Quasi Stabilized Finite Difference) method, a finite difference method for unstructured meshes. The QOFD shows great robustness relative to element distortion, but requires extra work to consider non-essential boundary conditions and source terms. Finally we present a Quasi Optimal Petrov-Galerkin (QOPG) finite element method. To formulate the QOPG we use the same approach introduced for the QOFD, leading to the same accuracy and robustness on distorted meshes, but constructed based on consistent variational formulation. Numerical results are presented illustrating the behavior of all methods developed compared to Galerkin, GLS and QSFEM. / É bem sabido que métodos clássicos de elementos finitos e diferenças finitas para o problema de Helmholtz apresentam efeito de poluição, que pode deteriorar seriamente a qualidade da solução aproximada. Controlar o efeito de poluição é especialmente difícil quando são utilizadas malhas não uniformes. Para malhas uniformes com elementos quadrados são conhecidos métodos (p. e. o QSFEM, proposto por Babuska et al) que minimizam a poluição. Neste trabalho apresentamos inicialmente dois métodos de elementos finitos de Petrov-Galerkin com formulação relativamente simples, o RPPG e o QSPG, ambos com razoável robustez para certos tipos de distorções dos elementos. O QSPG apresenta ainda poluição mínima para elementos quadrados. Em seguida é formulado o QOFD, um método de diferenças finitas aplicável a malhas não estruturadas. O QOFD apresenta grande robustez em relação a distorções, mas requer trabalho extra para tratar problemas não homogêneos ou condições de contorno não essenciais. Finalmente é apresentado um novo método de elementos finitos de Petrov-Galerkin, o QOPG, que é formulado aplicando a mesma técnica usada para obter a estabilização do QOFD, obtendo assim a mesma robustez em relação a distorções da malha, com a vantagem de ser um método variacionalmente consistente. Resultados numéricos são apresentados ilustrando o comportamento de todos os métodos desenvolvidos em comparação com os métodos de Galerkin, GLS e QSFEM.

La méthode multipôle permet d'accélérer les produits matrices-vecteurs, utilisés par les solveurs itératifs pour déterminer le comportement électromagnétique, d'un objet soumis à une onde incidente. Nos travaux ont pour but d'adapter cette méthode pour la rendre efficace sur les architectures hétérogènes contenant des GPU. Pour cela, nous utilisons une ordonnanceur dynamique, StarPU, qui effectuera la distribution des tâches de calcul au sein d'un nœud. Pour la parallélisation en mémoire distribuée, nous effectuerons un ordonnancement statique des boîtes, couplé à un ordonnancement dynamique des interactions proches. / The Fast Multipole Method can speed up matrix-vector products, found in iterative solvers in order to compute the electromagnetics response of an object subject to an incident wave. We have intended to adapt this method to make it effective on heterogeneous architectures with GPUs. For this purpose, we use a dynamic scheduler named StarPU, which distributes the tasks within a node. For the parallelization in distributed memory, we distribute the tasks statically but we distribute the near interactions dynamically..