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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Exploring Microstructural Changes in Structural Analogues of Ibuprofen-Hosted In Situ Gelling System and Its Influence on Pharmaceutical Performance

Patil, S.S., Venugopal, E., Bhat, S., Mahadik, K.R., Paradkar, Anant R 26 February 2015 (has links)
No / The present work explores inner structuration of in situ gelling system consisting of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and oleic acid (OA). The system under study involves investigation of microstructural changes which are believed to govern the pharmaceutical performance of final formulation. The changes which are often termed mesophasic transformation were analysed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology and plane polarised light (PPL) microscopy. The current work revealed transformation of blank system from W/O emulsion to reverse hexagonal structure upon addition of structural analogues of ibuprofen. Such transformations are believed to occur due to increased hydrophobic volume within system as probed by SAXS analysis. The findings of SAXS studies were well supported by DSC, rheology and PPL microscopy. The study established inverse relationship between log P value of structural analogues of ibuprofen and the degree of binding of water molecules to surfactant chains. Such relationship had pronounced effect on sol-gel transformation process. The prepared in situ gelling system showed sustained drug release which followed Higuchi model.
2

Antiadhesion effect of the C17 glycerin ester of isoprenoid-type lipid forming a nonlamellar liquid crystal / イソプレノイド型脂質C17グリセリンエステルが形成する非ラメラ液晶による癒着防止効果

Murakami, Takahide 25 March 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21679号 / 医博第4485号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 上本 伸二, 教授 戸井 雅和, 教授 上杉 志成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
3

Optimisation, caractérisation et comportement physico-chimique dans les milieux modèles de nano-objets en phase inverse. / Optimization, characterization and physico-chemical behavior in the model mediums of nano-obejcts in reverse phase.

Mouri, Abdelkader 13 December 2016 (has links)
Le projet de thèse, mené en collaboration avec le laboratoire Medesis Pharma, porte sur la mise au point de deux formulations pharmaceutiques, une microémulsion inverse et un gel colloïdal, à base de Pécéol®, lécithine, éthanol et eau. Le lithium indiqué dans le traitement de maladies neurodégénératives a été utilisé comme un modèle de principe actif hydrophile dans le cadre de ce projet. Ce travail a été initié par l’étude du comportement de phases du mélange quaternaire Pécéol®/lécithine/éthanol/eau, mettant essentiellement l’accent sur les différents paramètres impliqués dans les transitions de phases, dans le but de déterminer le rôle du Pécéol® et de la lécithine dans la structuration du système.- L’étude des propriétés structurales de la microémulsion, dans le domaine riche en Pécéol®, a montré que la structure du système n’est pas cohérente avec un modèle classique de micelles sphériques, l’hypothèse d’une structure localement lamellaire a été proposée. Les propriétés de solubilisation de la microémulsion ont été évaluées par l’élaboration d’une série de diagrammes de phases pseudo-ternaires, en faisant varier le rapport éthanol/lécithine. Une efficacité optimale a été obtenue pour un rapport éthanol/lécithine égal à 40/60. La formulation optimisée est capable d’incorporer efficacement le lithium (Li), à des concentrations acceptables sans altérer la stabilité du système. L’étude des propriétés d’incorporation du Li dans la microémulsion a montré que le mécanisme d’encapsulation est compatible avec un modèle d’interactions de type drug-surfactant. Les résultats des études de stabilité de la microémulsion vide et chargée en Li menées selon les conditions ICH sont satisfaisants.- La structuration du gel clair, dans le domaine riche en lécithine, a été suivie par des analyses de rhéologie et de microscopie en lumière polarisée en fonction du rapport lécithine/Pécéol®. Les résultats ont montré que les propriétés rhéologiques du gel peuvent être modifiées en ajustant le rapport lécithine/Pécéol®. La caractérisation de la structure du gel clair par diffraction de rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS) et cryofracture conjuguée à la microscopie électronique en transmission (FF-TEM) a mis en évidence une structure anisotrope hexagonale H2. Alors que dans le domaine riche en eau, une structure anisotrope hexagonale inverse H2 et lamellaire Lα a été mise en évidence. Les propriétés rhéologiques modulables du gel dans le domaine riche en lécithine ainsi que sa grande capacité de rétention d’eau, sont particulièrement intéressantes pour une application du gel clair dans le domaine de pharmaceutique et/ou cosmétique. / This thesis project, carried out in collaboration with Medesis Pharma laboratory, is about the development of two pharmaceutical formulations, a reverse microemulsion and a colloidal gel, based on Pécéol®, lécithine, ethanol and water. The indicated lithium in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has been used as a hydrophilic principal active model for this project. This work started with the study of the phase behavior of the four component system Pécéol®/lecithin/éthanol/water, focusing primarily on the various parameters involved in phase transitions in order to determine the role of Pécéol® and lecithin in the structuring of the system.- The study of the structural properties of the reverse microemulsion, in the Pécéol® rich domain, showed that the system structure is not coherent with a classical model of spherical micelles, a hypothesis of a local lamellar structure was proposed. The solubilization properties of the microemulsion were evaluated following the development of a series of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, by varying the ethanol/lecithin ratio. Optimal efficiency was obtained for an ethanol/lecithin ratio of 40/60. The optimized formulation is capable of effectively incorporating lithium (Li) to acceptable concentrations without altering the stability of the system. The study of the incorporation properties of Li in the microemulsion has shown that the encapsulation mechanism is compatible with drug-surfactant binding model. The results of the stability studies of the free and Li loaded microemulsion, conducted according to ICH conditions, are satisfactory.- The gel structuring was followed, in the lecithin rich domain, through rheological and optical microscopy analyses, according to lecithin/Pécéol® ratio. Results showed that the rheological properties of the gel can be modified by adjusting the lecithin/Pécéol® ratio. Moreover, the characterization of the gel structure through Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) and Freeze Fracture-Transmission Electron Microscopy (FF-TEM) showed an inverse hexagonal phase H2. While, in the water rich region, an inverse hexagonal H2 and lamellar Lα phases were identified. The adjustable rheological properties of the clear gel, and its great water solubilisation capacity, are particularly interesting for the application of the gel in pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic fields.
4

Spectroscopic characterization of upconversion nanomaterials with systematically varied material composition and surface chemistry

Kraft, Marco 09 January 2019 (has links)
Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit war es, den Einfluss von verschiedenen Parametern auf die spektroskopischen Eigenschaften von Lanthanid-basierten Aufkonversions-Materialien zu erforschen. Ein besonderer Fokus lag dabei auf hexagonalen Natrium-Yttrium-Tetrafluorid Kristallen, die mit dreifachgeladenen Yb und Er oder Tm Ionen kodotiert wurden. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für mögliche Anwendungen dieser Kristalle ist ein Verständnis aller ihrer wichtigen photophysikalischen Besonderheiten. Die erste Studie dieser Doktorarbeit untersuchte daher, wieso Nanokristalle viel weniger absorbierte in ausgesendete Photonen umwandeln als mikrokristalline Teilchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass man ungeschalte Kristalle aufgrund von Oberflächen-Lösch-Effekten in zwei Teile unterteilen kann, einen strahlenden Kern und eine Schale aus stark oder vollständig gelöschten oberflächennahen Lanthanid-Ionen, welche für Kristalle abnehmender Größe einen immer größeren Volumenanteil einnimmt. Die zweite Studie untersuchte exemplarisch, ob eine kompliziertere Partikelarchitektur, bestehend aus einem einfach-dotierten Er Kern und Yb als Schalenmaterial, diesen Effizienzverlust der Lumineszenz reduzieren kann. Die Ergebnisse zeigten jedoch, dass dies nicht der Fall ist. Eine weitere Studie untersuchte den Einfluss der Konzentration der Tm Ionen in Yb, Tm kodotierten Nanokristallen auf die spektroskopischen Eigenschaften dieser Materialien und zeigte, dass für eine maximale Emission im Lichtwellenbereich über 700 nm andere Tm Konzentrationen benötigt werden als für maximale Lichtemissionen in den unteren Lichtwellenbereichen. Die letzte Studie untersuchte den Einfluss eines zuvor berichteten Zersetzungsprozesses von exemplarisch ausgewählten Yb, Tm kodotierte Nanokristallen in wässrigen Dispersionen auf deren spektroskopische Eigenschaften. Mithilfe dieser Ergebnisse war es möglich, mehrere Emissionsbanden als Parameter für das Langzeit-Stabilitäts-Monitoring dieser Materialien zu identifizieren. / This PhD thesis investigated the influence of various parameters on the spectroscopic properties of so-called upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). A special emphasis was dedicated to hexagonal-phase sodium yttrium tetrafluoride crystals that were codoped with trivalent Yb and either Er or Tm ions. Such UCNPs can, however, experience no breakthrough in the field of UC nanotechnology before all of their important photophysical features are understood. The first study of this PhD thesis therefore investigated, why nanocrystalline upconverters with different surface chemistries convert less absorbed to emitted photons than their microcrystalline counterparts. The results revealed that upconverting crystals apparently have to be subdivided into two parts, with one being the luminescent core and the other being a completely dark shell that is quenched by surface effects and assumes an ever increasing volumetric content for small UCNPs. The second study exemplarily investigated, if a more complex particle nanostructure that consisted of a Er doped core, surrounded by a Yb doped shell, could overcome these efficiency losses, however, it concluded that it does not. Another study explored the influence of Tm doping concentrations of Yb, Tm codoped nanocrystals on their spectroscopic properties and concluded that different Tm doping concentrations are required for a maximum upconversion luminescence in the wavelength regions above 700 nm, than for the wavelength regions below that. The last study of this PhD thesis investigated the influence of a previously reported dissolution process of UCNPs in aqueous solutions on the spectroscopic properties of exemplarily chosen Yb, Tm codoped nanocrystals. These results were then utilized to identify several upconversion emission bands that can be used as a screening parameter for the long-term stability monitoring of UCNPs.
5

CEMOVIS, développements méthodologiques et étude ultrastructurale de la cellule HT29 : De la cellule aux nucléosomes / CEMOVIS methodological developments and structural study of HT 29 cell : from cell to nucleosoms

Lemercier, Nicolas 23 March 2012 (has links)
Nous avons utilisé la méthode de CEMOVIS (Cryo-Electron Microscopy Of Vitreous Sections) pour étudier l’ultrastructure des cellules HT29 (lignée cancéreuse colique humaine) et plus particulièrement l’organisation de la chromatine au sein du noyau. Pour améliorer la méthode, nous avons développé un micromanipulateur qui facilite la collecte des coupes et leur transfert sur la grille. Nous avons également cherché à préparer de nouveaux films métalliques (en remplacement du carbone) permettant une meilleure adhésion des coupes sur le support Au vu des premiers tests réalisés, les films de TiO2 que nous avons fabriqués au laboratoire et caractérisés par microscopie électronique (HR, spectroscopie et cartographie EELS) semblent offrir des perspectives intéressantes que nous attribuons à leur propriétés de conducteur électrique à basse température (ce qui reste à démontrer). Les organites cellulaires (noyaux, réseaux de filaments du cytosquelette, systèmes multilamellaires) ont été identifiés in situ. Les conditions d’imagerie choisies nous ont permis d’obtenir une résolution permettant d’identifier les deux feuillets des bicouches membranaires. Dans le noyau, nous avons observé des motifs striés, distants de 2.7 à 3.5 nm que nous attribuons à la molécule d’ADN enroulée autour du cœur d’histones. Comparées aux images de phases denses de nucléosomes, ces images suggèrent que les nucléosomes (jamais identifiés in situ jusqu’à présent) présentent un ordre très local au sein de la chromatine, que nous discutons à la lumières des modèles polymériques actuels. / The ultrastructure of HT29 cells (human epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line) was studied by CEMOVIS (Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Vitreous Sections) with a special emphasis on chromatin organization in the cell nucleus. We proposed methodological improvements for this technique:- We first developed a grid holding micromanipulator to facilitate both cryosections collect and deposition on carbon-coated TEM grids.- We also developed new metallic thin films (to replace carbon-base supports) to enhance the adhesion of cryosections on their support. The TiO2 thin films that we produced and analysed by electron microscopy (high resolution imaging, EELS and chemical mapping) seem to be an interesting alternative to carbon films for the deposition of cryosections. Their adhesive properties could be due to Titanium high electric conductance at low temperature (although this relation has not been clearly demonstrated yet).In HT 29 cells, we indentified cell organites (nucleus; cytoskeleton filament bundles, multilamellar bodies) in situ. Selected imaging conditions provide for a high enough resolution to visualise the two membrane leaflets. In the cell nucleus, we observed striated patterns separated from 2.7 to 3.5 nm that we assume to be DNA molecule turns wrapped around the histone protein core. Compared with the dense phases formed in vitro by nucleosome core particle in solution, our images suggest that nucleosomes are locally ordered in chromatin. This observation is discussed regarding the chromatin polymeric models.
6

Structure and dynamics of DNA confined in-between non-cationic lipid membranes / Structure et dynamique d'ADN confinée entre des membranes lipidiques non-cationiques / Estructura y dynâmica de DNA confinado entre membranas lipídicas não-catiônicas

Teixeira da Silva, Emerson Rodrigo 08 November 2011 (has links)
Une étude expérimentale sur la structure et la dynamique d'un complexe hydraté de fragments d'ADN (150 pb) et des phases lamellaires de lipides non-cationiques est présentée. Par la variation de d'hydratation, il est possible de contrôler le confinement imposé par cette matrice hôte sur les nucléotides insérés dans les couches aqueuses. L’organisation supramoléculaire du complexe est suivie par diffraction des rayons-X et des techniques de microscopie optique et électronique. Un riche polymorphisme de mésophases est observé en fonction du confinement. Dans le régime plus hydraté, les fragments se distribuent selon une orientation nématique. Dans la mesure où la quantité de l'eau diminue, le confinement des bicouches sur les nucléotides monte et des corrélations trans-membranaires donnent origine à des phases hautement organisées, avec de symétries rectangulaires et hexagonales (2D) d'ADN dans la phase lipidique. L'incorporation totale des nucléotides par la phase lamellaire est observée uniquement lorsque des grandes quantités d'ADN y sont présentes. Ce fait souligne une importance majeur des interactions de volume exclu. Une analyse du paramètre de Caillé montre que l'insertion des fragments diminue les fluctuations des membranes. À partir des ces observations, il est suggéré que la modification des interactions stériques entre des lamelles, associée à des effets interfaciaux ADN-membranes, est un mécanisme important dans le comportement de phases. Les propriétés dynamiques sont étudiés avec la technique de retour de fluorescence après photo-blanchiment (FRAP). Un modèle développé récemment pour l'analyse de diffusion anisotrope est testé avec succès, démontrant une corrélation proche entre structure et dynamique. / An experimental study on the structural and dynamical properties of a hydrated DNA-non-cationic complex is presented. By varying the water amount, it is possible to control the confinement imposed by this host matrix over the organization of the nucleotides inserted within the water layers. The supramolecular assembly is investigated by X-rays diffraction and techniques involving both optical and electron microscopy. A rich polymorphism of mesophases is observed in function of confinement. In the more hydrated regime, the fragments are distributed according to nematic orientation in-between lamellae. As the water amount decreases, the confinement of bilayers over the particles increases and transmembrane correlations appear, giving raise to highly-ordered phases, with 2D-rectangular and -hexagonal symmetries of DNA embodied in the lamellar phase. The full incorporation of nucleotides by the lamellar phase is observed only in the presence of large amounts of DNA. This finding points to major importance of excluded volume interactions. An analysis of the Caillé parameter shows that the insertion of DNA reduces the fluctuations of membranes. From these observations, it is suggested that changes in the interactions between bilayers, together with the appearance of interfacial effects between DNA and membranes, are a mechanism relevant for the phase behavior of these systems. The dynamical properties of nucleotides are investigated through the fluorescence recovery after photobleach (FRAP). A model recently developed for analyses of anisotropic diffusion is sucessfully tested, demonstrating a close relationship between structure and dynamics. / Um estudo experimental sobre aspectos estruturais e dinâmicos de um complexo hidratado de fragmentos de DNA (150 pb) e fases lamelares de lipídios não-catiônicos é apresentado. Variando-se a hidratação, é possível controlar o confinamento imposto por essa matriz hospedeira sobre os nucleotídeos inseridos na camada aquosa. O arranjo supramolecular do complexo é investigado por difração de raios X e técnicas de microscopia óptica e eletrônica. Um rico polimorfismo de mesofases é observado em função do confinamento. No regime mais hidratado, os fragmentos se distribuem segundo uma orientação nemática entre as membranas. À medida que a quantidade de água diminui, o confinamento das bicamadas sobre os nucleotídeos aumenta e correlações transmembranares aparecem, dando origem a fases altamente organizadas, com simetrias retangulares e hexagonais 2D de DNA entre as lamelas. A incorporação completa de nucleotídeos é observada apenas quando grandes quantidades de DNA estão presentes. Esse fato aponta para importância maior de interações de volume excluído. Uma análise do parâmetro de Caillé mostra que as flutuações das membranas diminuem com a inserção de DNA. A partir dessas observações, é sugerido que a alteração das interações entre membranas, aliada à aparição de efeitos interfaciais entre DNA e membranas, é um mecanismo relevante no comportamento de fase. As propriedades dinâmicas dos nucleotídeos são investigadas através da técnica de FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching). Um modelo recentemente desenvolvido para análise de difusão anisotrópica é testado com sucesso, demonstrando estreita correlação entre estrutura e dinâmica.
7

SHEAR RHEOMETRY PROTOCOLS TO ADVANCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURED FLUIDS

Eduard Andres Caicedo Casso (6620462) 15 May 2019 (has links)
<p></p><p>This doctoral dissertation takes the reader through a journey where applied shear rheology and flow-velocimetry are used to understand the mesoscopic factors that control the flow behavior of three microstructured fluids. Three individual protocols that measure relative physical and mechanical properties of the flow are developed. Each protocol aims to advance the particular transformation of novel soft materials into a commercial product converging in the demonstration of the real the chemical, physical and thermodynamical factors that could potentially drive their successful transformation. </p> <p> </p> <p>First, this dissertation introduces the use of rotational and oscillatory shear rheometry to quantify the solvent evaporation effect on the flow behavior of polymer solutions used to fabricate isoporous asymmetric membranes. Three different A-B-C triblock copolymer were evaluated: polyisoprene-<i>b</i>-polystyrene-<i>b</i>-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (ISV); polyisoprene-<i>b</i>-polystyrene-<i>b</i>-poly(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylacrylamide) (ISD); and polyisoprene-<i>b</i>-polystyrene-<i>b</i>-poly(<i>tert</i>-butyl methacrylate) (ISB). The resulting evaporation-induced microstructure showed a solution viscosity and film viscoelasticity strongly dependent on the chemical structure of the triblock copolymer molecules. </p> <p> </p> <p>Furthermore, basic shear rheometry, flow birefringence, and advanced flow-velocimetry are used to deconvolute the flow-microstructure relationships of concentrated surfactant solutions. Sodium laureth sulfate in water (SLE<sub>1</sub>S) was used to replicate spherical, worm-like, and hexagonally packed micelles and lamellar structures. Interesting findings demonstrated that regular features of flow curves, such as power-law shear thinning behavior, resulted from a wide variety of experimental artifacts that appeared when measuring microstructured fluids with shear rheometry.</p> <p> </p> <p>Finally, the successful integration of shear rheometry to calculate essential parameters to be used in a cost-effective visualization technique (still in development) used to calculate the dissolution time of polymers is addressed. The use of oscillatory rheometry successfully quantify the viscoelastic response of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions and identify formulations changes such as additive addition. The flow behavior of PVA solutions was correlated to dissolution behavior proving that the developed protocol has a high potential as a first screening tool.</p><br><p></p>

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