Les matériaux multiferroïques, dans lesquels magnétisme et ferroélectricité coexistent, sont un intérêt majeur dans le domaine du stockage de l'information. Un couplage magnétoélectrique robuste, ainsi qu'une polarisation électrique importante, sont les conditions requises à température ambiante pour ces matériaux multifonctionnels. Ce manuscrit rend compte de travaux théoriques visant à principalement caractériser les propriétés magnétiques d'oxydes à majorité cuivrés, susceptibles de répondre à ces exigences. Une première partie vise à une présentation succincte des cuprates, et de concepts fondamentaux concernant le magnétisme et la multiferroïcité. La seconde partie expose les méthodes de modélisation employées. Le chapitre trois donne à un aperçu de techniques expérimentales, tels que le magnétomètre à SQUID ou la RPE. Ensuite, les composés AFeO₃ (A = Sc, In et Bi) et un complexe à base de chrome servent de terrain de jeu, à la mise en place de l'approche calculatoire. La complémentarité entre les méthodes ab initio et les techniques de type Monte-Carlo ou Diagonalisation Exacte, permet une description complète du diagramme de phases magnétiques, alimentée d'une discussion permanente avec l'expérience. Une stratégie similaire est utilisée dans le chapitre suivant, avec l'étude du composé SeCuO₃ et de ses fluctuations quantiques. La dernière partie consiste en la caractérisation de l'effet d'une pression physique (hydrostatique ou uniaxiale) ou chimique sur les propriétés magnétiques des composés CuO, Cu₂OX₂ et CuX₂ (X=F, Cl, Br et I). / Multiferroic materials, in which magnetism and ferroelectricity coexist, have a great interest for memory devices. A robust magnetoelectric coupling, and a high electric polarization, are required at ambient temperature for these multifunctional materials. This thesis reports theoretical works mainly devoted to characterize magnetic properties of cuprates and other oxide compounds, which could develop such skills. A first part aims at briefly discussing cuprates and fundamental concepts of magnetism and multiferroicity. The second chapter is devoted to the theoretical methods used during these works. The third chapter corresponds to a brief overview of experimental techniques, like SQUID magnetometry or EPR. In the fourth chapter, AFeO₃ (A = Sc, In and Bi) multiferroic hexaferrites and a complex based on chromium centers are considered as a "testing ground" to the establishment of the computational approach. Thanks to the complementarity between ab initio methods, using Density Functional Theory, and simulation techniques as Monte-Carlo or Exact Diagonalization procedures, the entire magnetic phase diagram can be fully described. In chapter 5, a similar strategy is considered for studying the SeCuO₃ compound, which exhibits two decoupled magnetic sub-networks and quantum fluctuations. The last chapter of this thesis focuses on the tuning of the magnetic phases diagrams of CuO, Cu₂OX₂ and CuX₂ compounds (X = F, Cl, Br, I) applying physical (hydrostatic and uniaxial) and chemical pressures.

The aim of this essay is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties highly educated migrant women face in trying to find work that matches their education. Furthermore, the study examines the consequences failing to find a suitable job might cause. Stratification and intersectionality have been used as theoretical framework in order to analyze the way in which mechanisms of exclusion and various intersections influence these women’s work opportunities. The results show that language, age and priorities regarding family play a major part in the possible hardship along the road to a job matching that of their education. This also had a negative effect on some of the informant’s health, self-confidence and career. / Studiens syfte är att få en djupare kunskap om vilka svårigheter och hinder som gör att vissahögutbildade migrantkvinnor inte återvänder till en sysselsättning som matchar deras kompetens. Studien undersöker också vilka förväntningar kvinnorna hade om arbets möjligheter i Sverige samt konsekvenser som uppstår av att de inte lyckas återvända till deras tidigare sysselsättning. Stratifiering och intersektionalitet har använts som teoretiskt ramverk för att analysera hur utestängningsmekanismer och olika intersektioner påverkar kvinnornas arbetsmöjligheter. Resultat visar att språk, ålder och prioritering av familjen spelade en betydande roll för misslyckandet av att återvända till ett matchande yrke. Detta ledde till negativa konsekvenser som påverkade flera av informanternas hälsa, självförtroende och karriär.

No description available.

Plants rely on diverse strategies to regulate water loss during drought. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a critical mediator of stomatal closure during water stress in seed plants. Studies in conifers identified diverging strategies in long-term drought of ABA-mediated dynamics, particularly a peaking type dynamic during long term drought in some conifers. Few studies have reported this dynamic in angiosperms, and no study has revealed the mechanism driving declines in ABA levels as drought progresses in peaking type species. To understand peaking type dynamics, we exposed the model peaking type gymnosperm species <i>Callitris rhomboidea</i> and the highly drought resistant evergreen angiosperm <i>Umbellularia californica</i> to controlled long-term drought. We measured leaf water potentials (Ψ_l), stomatal conductance, ABA and the ABA catabolite phaseic acid (PA) levels in potted plants during a prolonged but non-fatal drought. We aimed to determine which of three potential drivers of peaking type dynamic were responsible for this response: (1) increased catabolism of ABA into PA at a threshold Ψ_l , (2) ABA export from the leaf is enhanced under drought, and (3) ABA biosynthesis ceases at a threshold Ψ_l. During long term drought, the evergreen angiosperm species <i>U. californica</i> demonstrated peaking type ABA dynamics like gymnosperms. In both species, PA levels did not increase significantly, in fact, PA levels tracked ABA levels, suggesting that ABA catabolism to PA may be a function of ABA levels. Girdling experiments to determine whether export from the leaf drove declines in ABA levels demonstrated that of the majority of ABA was likely converted to ABA glucose ester (ABA-GE), an inactive storage form of ABA, and exported from shoots during drought. Finally, by rapidly dehydrating branched collected at different timepoints during long-term drought we were able to determine that ABA biosynthesis is completely down regulated in leaves that have been dehydrated beyond leaf turgor loss point. The decline in ABA levels in peaking type species appears conserved across seed plants and is mediated by high export rates in the form of ABA-GE. Future work should assess a more diverse selection of species as well as study long-term drought in less tolerant species to test whether ABA biosynthesis is deactivated in all species once Ψ_ldeclines below turgor loss point.

Twenty first century manufacturing is characterized by customer specific products. Customers expect greater differentiation in the products that companies offer to them, thus changing the whole landscape of production. Greater the variety of products being offered to customers, greater is the complexity of shop floor operations. This complexity is translated to all the operations in the shop floor including material handling and inventory control. To overcome this situation, many manufacturers have turned to “Lean Manufacturing” to gain a competitive edge in the market by reducing costs and improving productivity in all operations throughout the shop floor. Therefore, this purpose of this thesis is to analyze the material handling of a highly customized multi-variant product-based production system. The thesis represents a case study that was done at a caravan manufacturing company in Tenhult, Sweden. During the study, data was gathered from field notes, observations and multiple semi-structured interviews. The findings were analyzed with respect to a theoretical background which was generated through an extensive literature review that was carried out throughout the research. Our analysis was based on a systems approach where the findings were categorized into three dimensions that affect material handling and inventory control. These dimensions are warehouse management systems, culture, and production management, which contribute to successful implementation of lean into the material handling operations and inventory control. In conclusion, the results show that efficient material handling and inventory control can only be achieved by finding a synergy between technology, people and organization. Our results also show that soft issues like organizational culture and employee culture need to be addressed along with technological issues because only when an alignment between people, technology and business objectives and values is achieved, lean implementation can be successful. Our results also show the need for better supplier customer collaboration to reduce inventory levels and material handling operation.

Studien undersökte huruvida det finns någon skillnad mellan dansare och icke-dansare gällande grad av högkänslig personlighet (HSP). Även välmåendet hos dansarna undersöktes samt om deras välmående skiljde sig från icke-dansarnas, där pandemins påverkan på välmåendet också beaktades. Vidare undersöktes sambandet mellan HSP och välmående inom de två grupperna och totalt. Studiens resultat utgick från insamlade data från en enkät bestående av mätinstrumenten HSP-skalan, Välmåendeskalan samt två egenformulerade frågor om pandemins påverkan på välmåendet. Urvalet omfattades av 224 personer, varav 110 var dansare och 114 icke-dansare. Studiens data bearbetades i SPSS. De främsta analyserna som användes var ANCOVA, Pearsons korrelationskoefficient samt Cronbachs alfa. Resultatet påvisade ingen skillnad mellan dansare och icke-dansare i grad av HSP, dock fanns en skillnad mellan grupperna gällande subskalan estetisk känslighet (AES), där dansarna tenderade att ligga högre. Gällande välmående fanns en interaktionseffekt mellan grupp och kön samt interna skillnader inom dansargruppen, där dansstuderande utifrån självskattning mådde bättre än övriga verksamma inom dansyrket. Generellt hade välmåendet bland deltagarna försämrats av pandemin men dansarnas välmående hade enligt självskattning påverkats mer negativt än för icke dansare. Sambandet mellan HSP och välmående var svagt negativt för båda grupperna och totalt. Resultatet skiljde sig delvis från tidigare forskning som tytt på att alla kreativa yrkesgrupper består av en högre andel HSP-personer. Vidare forskning bör undersöka kreativa yrkesgrupper var för sig och inte generalisera kreativa professioner som en och samma grupp. En strävan med studien var att utvidga uppmärksamhet och förståelse för dansare som yrkesgrupp. / The study examined whether there was any difference between dancers and non-dancers regarding the degree of highly sensitive personality (HSP). Furthermore, the dancers’ well-being was examined as well as whether it differed from the non-dancers’ well-being, with the impact of the pandemic taken into consideration. Additionally, the relationship between HSP and well-being was investigated - within the two groups and in total. The results of the study were based on data collected from a survey, consisting of the two pre-existing instruments “HSP-scale” and “Questionnaire on well-being” as well as two questions specifically designed for this study, regarding the pandemic’s impact on the well-being score. The sample consisted of 224 persons, of whom 110 were dancers and 114 non-dancers. The survey data was processed in SPSS. The main analyzes performed were ANCOVA, Pearson’s correlation and Crohnbach’s alpha. The results showed no significant difference between dancers’ and non-dancers’ degree of HSP, however there were some differences for the subscale aesthetic sensitivity (AES). For the measurements of well-being, an interaction effect between group and gender was found, as well as internal differences within the dancer group showing that the dance students scored higher on well-being than others in the dance field. In general, the level of well-being among the participants decreased due to the pandemic, but the dancers’ well-being had been more negatively affected according to the survey. The results showed a slight negative relationship between HSP and well-being for each group and in total. This outcome partly differed from previous research, which suggested that all creative professions have an enhanced percentage of HSP-persons. Future research should examine creative professions individually and not generalize creatives to one and the same group. One aim for the study was to expand the awareness and understanding of the dancers’ occupational field.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit drei Ansätzen der hocheffizienten Erzeugung von weißem Licht mit organischen Leuchtdioden (OLEDs) auf der Basis kleiner Moleküle. Ein Ansatz kombiniert die Emission eines fluoreszenten und zweier phosphoreszenter Emitter in einer einzelnen Emissionsschicht. Da das Triplettniveau des verwendeten Blauemitters niedriger ist als die Triplettniveaus der phosphoreszenten Emitter, werden die Konzentrationen der Emitter so gewählt, dass ein Exzitonenübertrag zwischen ihnen unterbunden wird. Die strahlungslose Rekombination von Tripletts auf dem fluoreszenten Blauemitter begrenzt die Effizienz dieses Ansatzes, jedoch besticht die resultierende weiße OLED durch eine bemerkenswerte Farbstabilität. Der zweite Ansatz basiert auf dem “Triplet Harvesting” Konzept. Ansonsten ungenutzte Triplett Exzitonen werden von einem fluoreszenten Blauemitter auf phosphoreszente Emitter übertragen, wodurch interne Quanteneffizienzen bis zu 100 % möglich sind. Der zur Verfügung stehende Blauemitter 4P-NPD erlaubt aufgrund seines niedrigen Triplettniveaus nicht den Triplett übertrag auf einen grünen Emitter. Daher wird das “Triplet Harvesting” auf zwei unterschiedliche phosphoreszente Emitter, anhand des gelben Emitters Ir(dhfpy)2acac und des roten Emitters Ir(MDQ)2acac untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass beide phosphoreszente Emitter indirekt durch Exzitonendiffusion angeregt werden und nicht durch direkte Rekombination von Ladungsträgern auf den Emittermolekülen. Eine genaue Justage der Anregungsverteilung zwischen den phosphoreszenten Emittern ist durch Schichtdickenvariation in der Größenordnung üblicher Schichtdicken möglich. Spätere Produktionsanlagen brauchen daher keinen speziellen Genauigkeitsanforderungen gerecht zu werden. Der dritte und zugleich erfolgreichste Ansatz beruht auf einer Weiterentwicklung des zweiten Ansatzes. Er besteht zunächst darin den Tripletttransfer auf den Übertrag von einem fluoreszenten blauen auf einen phosphoreszenten roten Emitter zu beschränken. Die sich ergebende spektrale Lücke wird durch direktes Prozessieren einer unabhängigen voll phosphoreszenten OLED auf diese erste OLED gefüllt. Verbunden sind beide OLEDs durch eine ladungsträgererzeugende Schicht, in welcher durch das angelegte Feld Elektron/Loch-Paare getrennt werden. Dieser Aufbau entspricht elektrisch der Reihenschaltung zweier OLEDs, welche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit individuell untersucht und optimiert werden. Dabei ergibt sich, dass die Kombination von zwei verschiedenen phosphoreszenten Emittern in einer gemeinsamen Matrix die Ladungsträgerbalance in der Emissionszone sowie die Quanteneffizienz der vollphosphoreszenten OLED stark verbessert. Als Ergebnis steht eine hocheffiziente weiße OLED, welche durch die ausgewogene Emission von vier verschiedenen Emittern farbstabiles Licht mit warm weißen Farbkoordinaten (x, y) = (0.462, 0.429) und ausgezeichneten Farbwiedergabeeigenschaften (CRI = 80.1) erzeugt. Dabei sind die mit diesem Ansatz erreichten Lichtausbeuten (hv = 90.5 lm/W) mit denen von voll phosphoreszenten OLEDs vergleichbar.

7 Abstract Groundwater flow and highly permeable zones in aquifers of eastern part of Bohemian Cretaceous Basin based on Litá area and surroundings In my thesis I deal with the character of highy permeable zones in marlstones and calcitic sandstones in east-bohemian synclines of the Czech Cretaceous Basin. My chosen area lies southwest of Nové M�sto nad Metují and within it lies Litá area, an important source of groundwater for Hradec Králové region. Groundwater in the area was contaminated in the 80's by chlorinated hydrocarbons. Based on a detailed field sampling of 23 boreholes and 4 sites of surface water performed in 2008 and on archival data on contaminant concentrations, I evaluate the character and relationships of groundwater from the boreholes. I grouped boreholes according to their chemical properties. In the second part of my thesis, I perform the analysis of the influence of faults on groundwater flow in a larger area of east-bohemian synclines. Results show that most yielding boreholes lie between fractures, not near them, which suggests the impermeable role of fractures. From available information I then try to answer the question of highly permeable zones of preferential groundwater flow. Based on the observed flow velocity,...

No description available.

Arbetsmarknadsintegration är ett samhällsproblem som påverkar både individen själv och även samhället. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka upplevelser på den svenska arbetsmarknaden för högutbildade nyanlända som kom till Sverige år 2015. Studien har utgått från att belysa utmaningar och förutsättningar som högutbildade nyanlända har upplevt på väg in till arbetsmarknaden. Studien grundar sig i en kvalitativ metod där det empiriska materialet har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio respondenter. Respondenterna är högutbildade nyanlända som kom till Sverige 2015 och är etablerade på arbetsmarknaden. Empirin har analyserats i en tematisk analys med hjälp av humankapitalteori och sociala nätverksteori. Studiens resultat visar att upplevelser är individuella och därför finns likheter och skillnader mellan dem. De utmaningar som uttrycks av respondenterna är brist på sociala nätverk, värdelösa insatser av arbetsförmedlingen, etnisk diskriminering och nedvärdering av utländska utbildningar och erfarenheter. Förutsättningarna som underlättade högutbildade nyanländas arbetsmarknadsintegration uttrycks vara tillgång till sociala nätverk, arbetsmarknadsinsatser, språkkunskaper och erhållande av en ny svensk utbildning. Det framkommer i resultatdelen att språkkunskaper och diskriminering inte upplevs på samma sätt i alla sektorer av arbetsmarknaden, utan kan ses som sektorspecifika.