Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 parmegiani_rf_dr_assis.pdf: 992382 bytes, checksum: a8ff67e55c119956db2ce173b81b3796 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nosso trabalho procura investigar como o universo simbólico ligado à literatura apocalíptica cristã – mais especificamente as idéias de Juízo Final e Salvação – foi apropriado pelo Beato de Liébana na Alta Idade Média hispânica para compor seu Comentário ao Apocalipse e como, a partir desta obra, ele foi utilizado no processo de construção e divulgação de um referencial – representação – cristão de visão de mundo. Nossa pesquisa volta-se, portanto, para a relação entre o “mundo dos leitores” e o “mundo do livro”, ou seja, para as práticas da leitura e da escrita que permearam a produção, a circulação e a leitura do C Ap. Coube a nos pensarmos como uma cultura que privilegiava a oralidade, como aquela da Alta Idade Média, apoiou-se neste texto escrito para, em face dele, produzir um sentido e construir uma normatização cristã do universo sócio-religioso. Por conseguinte, nosso intuito esteve em buscar os vestígios das práticas de leitura que acompanharam os destinatários do C Ap e dos indícios que eles podem nos dar da atuação deste texto enquanto discurso (processo), revelando-nos pontos de sua coerência (interação com o leitor) e sua intenção (efeito de sentido). / Our research applies on an investigation about how the universe linked to the apocalyptic Christian – more specifically the concepts the concepts on Revelations and the Gospel of Salvation – were appropriated by the Beatus of Liébana in the Hispanic High Middle Ages to write his Commentary of Revelations and how, from this masterpiece, the ideas were used in the process of creation e dissemination of a Christian referent – representation – concerned to point of view. So, we focuses the relation between “the world of readers” and “the word of the book”, that is, we highlight the reading and writing practices that permeated the production, distribution and reading of the Beatus Apocalypse. It was our duty to think how a culture that used to privilege oral records, like that one in the High Middle Ages, was supported by that written text to, before it, produce a meaning and build a Christian standardization of the social-religious universe. Consequently, our objective was regarded in looking for the traces of the reading habit that accompanied the destinations of Beatus Apocalypse and in the evidences that the revelations may give us in order to comprehend such manuscripts as speech (process), showing points of its coherence (interaction with the reader) and its intention (meaning effect).

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-07T14:29:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivototal.pdf: 12679217 bytes, checksum: 869c85d4077d4fa5c700f60d138f4cae (MD5) license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-07T14:29:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivototal.pdf: 12679217 bytes, checksum: 869c85d4077d4fa5c700f60d138f4cae (MD5) license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Spaces created to keep and protect mostly written works produced by men and also to publicize them, libraries always had an uncertain destiny – from its inception to its destruction – and different purposes – from keeping a book as treasure and make it available to the public. In the attempt to recover the history of these institutions we seldom have access to information about who were the readers and how they used this reading space. This is a condition shared by the Municipal Public Library of Campina Grande-PB, founded in 1938 and on which there are few records showing the different stages undergone by the institution over time. On its readers, we have only a few references from the 1950s, when they are to be mentioned in local newspapers texts, but just to have highlighted their absence in the library and their practices rejected. This research - which is a part of a line of studies called History of Reading (CHARTIER, 1996; 2002; 2003; 2012) and understands reading as a social practice - discussed the following questions: what is the history of the Municipal Public Library of Campina Grande-PB (BPMCG) and how this institution was inserted in the cultural context of the city, in three different times - the first years after its foundation, in the 1950s and today? Who are the readers who used the loan service between July / 2008 and May / 2011 and what are their reading practices and their forms of appropriation of the Library? Our overall goal was, therefore, to register the history of the Municipal Library of Campina Grande-PB, at these three mentioned times, and to describe reading stories and practices carried out by its readers in this space or because of it: what they read, how they read, why they read, and how often they read. Contrary to historically constructed speech about BPMCG, where by there are no readers using the institution, we confirmed our thesis that not only these readers exist, but they have their particular way of appropriating the institution and find in it an important support for building their particular reading history as well. The existence of these readers in the library is often denied and their practices are historically rejected, a condition which condemns them to an invisibility which, however, does not correspond to the actual appropriation of reading space by its regulars. / As bibliotecas, espaços criados para armazenar as obras produzidas, mas também para protegê-las e difundi-las, tiveram sempre um destino incerto, entre a construção e a destruição, e finalidades distintas – entre a guarda do livro como tesouro e a abertura para o público. Ao tentar recuperar a história de instituições dessa natureza, raramente temos acesso a informações sobre quem eram seus leitores e como se apropriaram desse espaço de leitura. Essa mesma condição se aplica à Biblioteca Pública Municipal de Campina Grande-PB, fundada em 1938 e sobre a qual há poucos registros que comprovem as diferentes etapas pelas quais passou essa instituição ao longo do tempo. Sobre os seus leitores, temos referências apenas a partir da década de 1950, quando estes passam a ser mencionados em textos de jornais locais, mas apenas para terem sua ausência na biblioteca destacada e suas práticas rejeitadas. A presente pesquisa – que se insere na linha de estudos denominada História da Leitura (CHARTIER, 1996; 2002; 2003; 2012) e entende leitura como prática social – discutiu as seguintes questões: qual a história da Biblioteca Pública Municipal de Campina Grande-PB (BPMCG) e de que forma essa instituição se inseriu no contexto cultural da cidade, em três diferentes momentos – nos primeiros anos após sua fundação, na década de 1950 e nos dias atuais? Quem são os leitores que utilizaram o serviço de empréstimo entre julho/2008 e maio/2011, quais suas práticas de leitura e formas de apropriação da Biblioteca? O nosso objetivo geral foi, portanto, registrar a história da Biblioteca Municipal de Campina Grande-PB, em três momentos distintos, bem como descrever as histórias de leitura e as práticas realizadas pelos seus leitores nesse espaço ou em função dele: o que leem, como leem, por que leem, com que frequência etc. Contrariamente ao discurso historicamente construído a respeito da BPMCG, segundo o qual não há leitores utilizando a instituição, confirmamos nossa tese de que não apenas esses leitores existem, como têm sua forma particular de se apropriar da instituição e encontram nela um importante apoio para a construção da sua história particular de leitura. A existência desses leitores na biblioteca é, por vezes, negada e suas práticas são historicamente rejeitadas, condição esta que os condena a uma invisibilidade que, no entanto, não corresponde à apropriação efetiva desse espaço de leitura por parte de seus frequentadores.

A investigação, inscrita no âmbito da História da Educação, em especial da história da leitura no Ocidente, na perspectiva da história cultural, toma como eixo privilegiado de atenção a historicidade dos corpos inscritos nos processos de leitura. Os indícios são buscados na pintura artística brasileira, produzida no século XIX e no início do século XX. Procura demonstrar de que maneira as imagens das pinturas artísticas, concebidas como representações, possibilitam observar vestígios das práticas de leitura do passado que propiciam pensar as percepções dos artistas, que se transformam em narradores de histórias e de enredos, nutridos pela imaginação criadora e por suas experiências no lugar e no momento vivido. De certa forma, cada artista pode ser considerado como o leitor da realidade de seu tempo; captura e retrata flagrantes do cotidiano e observa as relações práticas dos leitores, em diferentes situações, com os objetos de suas leituras. Os corpos que leem estão aí representados numa diversidade inusitada. As construções teóricas de Roger Chartier, de Robert Darnton, de Peter Burke e de Sandra Jatahy Pesavento sustentaram a análise e levaram a pensar acerca das permanências e das rupturas significativas que têm lugar na longa história das maneiras de ler. Além disso, justificam a escolha em examinar a história das práticas de leitura a partir da iconografia que representa o corpo leitor. A consulta junto a livros de história da arte, a catálogos de exposições e a acervos virtuais de fundações de arte, pinacotecas e museus brasileiros possibilitaram a constituição de um corpus documental formado por 85 obras, todas produzidas por artistas brasileiros ou por artistas estrangeiros que permaneceram longos períodos no Brasil e puseram-se a retratar cenas do cotidiano do país. Deste conjunto de pinturas, 45 obras foram selecionadas para compor as séries iconográficas analisadas na investigação. Concebendo que toda a experiência de leitura exige uma atitude do corpo, mesmo que seja para a decifração silenciosa das palavras e das imagens inscritas nos textos, o trabalho direciona sua atenção, primordialmente, para a análise dos corpos leitores e para as gestualidades que presidem a leitura. A partir da indagação sobre aquilo que as obras de arte têm a dizer sobre o corpo leitor, é possível afirmar que as pinturas artísticas produzidas no Brasil, ao longo do século XIX e nas primeiras décadas do século XX possibilitam discorrer sobre a corporalidade relacionada à leitura, considerando que o exercício do ler exige uma postura corporal que se modifica de acordo com os suportes, com os lugares e com as expectativas de leitura. Além disso, essas imagens demonstram que as práticas de leitura do período analisado estão atravessadas por questões de idade, de gênero, de etnia e de classe social. Expressam diferentes espaços constituídos para a leitura, suas distintas modalidades, a diversidade dos suportes que comunicaram os textos e do mobiliário que sustentou o corpo leitor. Sugerem, ainda, as diferentes motivações que presidem a leitura. / The research, inscribed in the history of education, particularly the history of reading in the West, from the perspective of cultural history, takes as a privileged axis of attention to the historicity of the bodies included in the processes of reading. The evidences are sought in the Brazilian artistic painting, produced in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It seeks to demonstrate how images of artistic paintings, conceived as representations, allow you to observe traces of the reading practices of the past that provide insights to think of artists who become storytellers and story lines, nurtured by the creative imagination and their expertise in place and living moment at the time. In a way, each artist can be considered as the reader of the reality of their time, captures and portrays the daily gross and notes the practical relations of readers in different situations, with the objects of his readings. The bodies that read are there represented a unusual diversity .The theoretical constructions of Roger Chartier, Robert Darnton, Peter Burke and Sandra Jatahy Pesavento support the analysis and led to thinking about the continuities and ruptures that take place in the long history of ways of reading. Also, justify the choice to examine the history of reading practices from the iconography that represents the body reader. The consultation on the art history books, exhibition catalogs and virtual collections of art foundations, art galleries and museums in Brazil allowed the creation of a corpus of documents consisting of 85 works, all produced by Brazilian artists or foreign artists who remained long periods in Brazil and began to depict scenes of everyday life in the country. From this collection of paintings, 45 wor ks were selected to be analyzed in the iconographic series research. Concept that the whole experience of reading requires an attitude of the body, even to the deciphering of silent words and images included in the texts, the work directs its attention primarily to the analysis of body gestures and for readers who preside over the reading. From the question of what works of art have to say about reader's body, we can say that the artistic paintings produced in Brazil during the nineteenth century and first decades of the twentieth century discuss the possible embodiment related to reading, considering that the exercise of reading requires a posture that changes according to the media, places, and the expectations for reading. Moreover, these images show that the reading practices of the period analyzed are crossed by issues of age, gender, ethnicity and social class. They express different spaces made for reading, its different modalities, the diversity of media that reported the texts and the furniture that supports the body reader. Also suggest the different motivations that govern the reading.

O presente estudo, inspirado nos pressupostos da História Cultural, mais especificamente voltado à história das práticas de leitura e escrita, tem como objetivo examinar algumas das transformações operadas nas práticas de escrita e leitura deflagradas com o surgimento dos computadores e da internet. As tecnologias da informação e comunicação da atualidade são responsáveis por profundas mudanças em vários âmbitos da vida social e, quanto à leitura e à escrita, são responsáveis por uma verdadeira revolução quanto aos suportes dos textos, as figuras de autor e de leitor, bem como as próprias práticas, de tal monta que pode ser comparada à revolução ocorrida com a passagem do rolo (volumen) para o códex no século V. Como objeto privilegiado da análise, a investigação centra-se nas fanfictions, textos escritos por jovens fãs de livros, filmes, séries televisivas, histórias em quadrinhos (inclusive os mangás japoneses), desenhos animados (incluídos os animês japoneses), bandas musicais, entre outros. Os leitores/escritores das fanfictions inspiram-se nos personagens, nos cenários, nas tramas, nos conflitos das obras que são fãs, a partir dos quais dedicam-se a escrever suas próprias histórias. A pesquisa empírica se vale de documentos produzidos a partir de questionários estruturados, enviados por meio eletrônico e assim recebidos, respondidos por vinte e sete (27) jovens escritores de fanfics (ficwriters), convidados a partir da observação sistemática de três sites da internet, a saber: FanFiction.net, Nyah!Fanfiction e FictionPress e um blog de uma jovem escritora. Também constam duas entrevistas presenciais com jovens escritores fãs. O corpus documental da pesquisa é acrescido de documentos produzidos a partir de pesquisa netnográfica, a etnografia adaptada ao ambiente virtual. Documentos como as páginas da internet, foram transformadas em imagens e reproduzem os ambientes de publicação das fanfictions. Também páginas de apresentação dos jovens ficwriters (perfil ou profile) são acrescidas como documentos do estudo somando um total de duzentos e quarenta e sete (247) arquivos. A pesquisa inspira-se, de modo especial, no aporte teórico do historiador francês Roger Chartier, dentre outros autores (R. Darnton, H. Jenkins, D. Tapscott, P. Lévy, Eco & Carrière) para refletir sobre as revoluções das práticas de leitura e escrita e a revolução do texto eletrônico, os modos de ler e escrever, a caracterização densa dessas práticas, os conceitos de apropriação, autoria, comunidades de leitores, entre outros. Dentre os achados, destaca que a revolução das práticas de leitura e escrita anunciadas fazem parte da longa duração da história do livro, da leitura e da cultura escrita e que, para além de transformar os modos de ler e escrever, as materialidades, os suportes, os processos de circulação, produção, apropriação, também fomentam novas leituras que levam à modalidades inusitadas de escrita e circulação dos textos. E quem protagoniza essas práticas são os jovens de uma geração Net que leem muitos livros de literatura fantástica, mangás, revista em quadrinhos, e etc., e muitas fanfictions de seus pares, tornando-se, eles também, escritores, ficwriters que muito escrevem motivados pelos incentivos que recebem de leitores/escritores fãs. Jovens que muito leem e muito escrevem talvez não as leituras e escritas legitimadas pela escola, mas aquelas que lhes dão prazer. / The present study, based on the presuppositions of Cultural history, more specifically focused in the history of the reading and writing practices, aims to examine some of the changes occurred in the practices of reading and writing deflagrated with the emergence of computers and the internet. Information and communication technologies today are responsible for deep changes in many areas of social life and, regarding reading and writing, they are responsible for a real revolution in texts’ supports, in the figures of author and reader, as well as in the practices, in such a degree that it can be compared to the revolution occurred with the passage of the roll (volumen) to the Codex in the 5th Century. As a privileged object of analysis, the research is centered on the fanfictions, which are texts written by young fans of books, films, series, comic books (including the Japanese manga), cartoons (including the Japanese animês), bands, among others. The readers/writers of the fanfictions get inspiration on the characters, scenarios, plots and in the conflicts of the works that they are fans, from which they dedicate themselves to write their own stories. The empirical research uses documents produced from structured questionnaires, sent and received electronically, answered by twenty-seven (27) young writers of fanfics (ficwriters), invited from the systematic observation of three websites: FanFiction.net, Nyah!Fanfiction, FictionPress and a blog of a young writer. Two face-to-face interviews with young fans writers are also included. The documentary corpus of this research is added of documents produced from the netnography research, the ethnography adapted to the virtual environment. Documents as Web pages were transformed into images and they reproduce the publishing environment of fanfictions. Also, presentation pages of the youth ficwriters (profile) are added as documents to the study adding up to two hundred and forty-seven (247) files. The survey is based, in particular, on the theoretical contribution of the French historian Roger Chartier, among others authors (R. Darnton, H. Jenkins, D. Tapscott, P. Lévy, Eco & Carrière). The authors help us to reflect about the revolutions of the reading and writing practices and of the electronic text, reading and writing modes, the dense description of these practices, the appropriation concepts, authorship, communities of readers, among others. Among the findings, it should be emphasized that the revolution of the practices of reading and writing announced are part of the long duration of the history of the book, of the reading and writing culture and that, besides transforming modes of reading and writing, the materialities, the supporters, the processes of circulation, production, appropriation, also foment new readings that lead to unusual modes of writing and circulation of texts. And whoever performs such practices are the youth of a Net generation who read many books of fantasy literature, manga, comic books, and etc., and many fanfictions of his peers, becoming writers as well, ficwriters who write a lot motivated by incentives they receive from readers/writers fans. Young people read a lot, and write a lot, maybe not the readings and writings legitimized by the school, but those which give them pleasure.

O presente estudo, inspirado nos pressupostos da História Cultural, mais especificamente voltado à história das práticas de leitura e escrita, tem como objetivo examinar algumas das transformações operadas nas práticas de escrita e leitura deflagradas com o surgimento dos computadores e da internet. As tecnologias da informação e comunicação da atualidade são responsáveis por profundas mudanças em vários âmbitos da vida social e, quanto à leitura e à escrita, são responsáveis por uma verdadeira revolução quanto aos suportes dos textos, as figuras de autor e de leitor, bem como as próprias práticas, de tal monta que pode ser comparada à revolução ocorrida com a passagem do rolo (volumen) para o códex no século V. Como objeto privilegiado da análise, a investigação centra-se nas fanfictions, textos escritos por jovens fãs de livros, filmes, séries televisivas, histórias em quadrinhos (inclusive os mangás japoneses), desenhos animados (incluídos os animês japoneses), bandas musicais, entre outros. Os leitores/escritores das fanfictions inspiram-se nos personagens, nos cenários, nas tramas, nos conflitos das obras que são fãs, a partir dos quais dedicam-se a escrever suas próprias histórias. A pesquisa empírica se vale de documentos produzidos a partir de questionários estruturados, enviados por meio eletrônico e assim recebidos, respondidos por vinte e sete (27) jovens escritores de fanfics (ficwriters), convidados a partir da observação sistemática de três sites da internet, a saber: FanFiction.net, Nyah!Fanfiction e FictionPress e um blog de uma jovem escritora. Também constam duas entrevistas presenciais com jovens escritores fãs. O corpus documental da pesquisa é acrescido de documentos produzidos a partir de pesquisa netnográfica, a etnografia adaptada ao ambiente virtual. Documentos como as páginas da internet, foram transformadas em imagens e reproduzem os ambientes de publicação das fanfictions. Também páginas de apresentação dos jovens ficwriters (perfil ou profile) são acrescidas como documentos do estudo somando um total de duzentos e quarenta e sete (247) arquivos. A pesquisa inspira-se, de modo especial, no aporte teórico do historiador francês Roger Chartier, dentre outros autores (R. Darnton, H. Jenkins, D. Tapscott, P. Lévy, Eco & Carrière) para refletir sobre as revoluções das práticas de leitura e escrita e a revolução do texto eletrônico, os modos de ler e escrever, a caracterização densa dessas práticas, os conceitos de apropriação, autoria, comunidades de leitores, entre outros. Dentre os achados, destaca que a revolução das práticas de leitura e escrita anunciadas fazem parte da longa duração da história do livro, da leitura e da cultura escrita e que, para além de transformar os modos de ler e escrever, as materialidades, os suportes, os processos de circulação, produção, apropriação, também fomentam novas leituras que levam à modalidades inusitadas de escrita e circulação dos textos. E quem protagoniza essas práticas são os jovens de uma geração Net que leem muitos livros de literatura fantástica, mangás, revista em quadrinhos, e etc., e muitas fanfictions de seus pares, tornando-se, eles também, escritores, ficwriters que muito escrevem motivados pelos incentivos que recebem de leitores/escritores fãs. Jovens que muito leem e muito escrevem talvez não as leituras e escritas legitimadas pela escola, mas aquelas que lhes dão prazer. / The present study, based on the presuppositions of Cultural history, more specifically focused in the history of the reading and writing practices, aims to examine some of the changes occurred in the practices of reading and writing deflagrated with the emergence of computers and the internet. Information and communication technologies today are responsible for deep changes in many areas of social life and, regarding reading and writing, they are responsible for a real revolution in texts’ supports, in the figures of author and reader, as well as in the practices, in such a degree that it can be compared to the revolution occurred with the passage of the roll (volumen) to the Codex in the 5th Century. As a privileged object of analysis, the research is centered on the fanfictions, which are texts written by young fans of books, films, series, comic books (including the Japanese manga), cartoons (including the Japanese animês), bands, among others. The readers/writers of the fanfictions get inspiration on the characters, scenarios, plots and in the conflicts of the works that they are fans, from which they dedicate themselves to write their own stories. The empirical research uses documents produced from structured questionnaires, sent and received electronically, answered by twenty-seven (27) young writers of fanfics (ficwriters), invited from the systematic observation of three websites: FanFiction.net, Nyah!Fanfiction, FictionPress and a blog of a young writer. Two face-to-face interviews with young fans writers are also included. The documentary corpus of this research is added of documents produced from the netnography research, the ethnography adapted to the virtual environment. Documents as Web pages were transformed into images and they reproduce the publishing environment of fanfictions. Also, presentation pages of the youth ficwriters (profile) are added as documents to the study adding up to two hundred and forty-seven (247) files. The survey is based, in particular, on the theoretical contribution of the French historian Roger Chartier, among others authors (R. Darnton, H. Jenkins, D. Tapscott, P. Lévy, Eco & Carrière). The authors help us to reflect about the revolutions of the reading and writing practices and of the electronic text, reading and writing modes, the dense description of these practices, the appropriation concepts, authorship, communities of readers, among others. Among the findings, it should be emphasized that the revolution of the practices of reading and writing announced are part of the long duration of the history of the book, of the reading and writing culture and that, besides transforming modes of reading and writing, the materialities, the supporters, the processes of circulation, production, appropriation, also foment new readings that lead to unusual modes of writing and circulation of texts. And whoever performs such practices are the youth of a Net generation who read many books of fantasy literature, manga, comic books, and etc., and many fanfictions of his peers, becoming writers as well, ficwriters who write a lot motivated by incentives they receive from readers/writers fans. Young people read a lot, and write a lot, maybe not the readings and writings legitimized by the school, but those which give them pleasure.

Orientador: Marcia Abreu / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T08:13:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro_AlexandraSantos_D.pdf: 63775066 bytes, checksum: 1ada91c1f9ce2f28198c6c390282b0dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A tese "Para além da amenidade - O Jornal das Famílias (1863-1878) e sua rede de produção" analisa a organização de um periódico que circulou durante dezesseis anos por várias províncias brasileiras e por, pelo menos, dois países estrangeiros, Portugal e França. A pesquisa consiste em investigar esse jornal, a começar pelo trabalho do editor Baptiste Louis Gamier e de seu cuidado com a material idade do que era produzido por sua empresa. Atém-se, também, à lista de redatores e colaboradores, que teve Machado de Assis como o mais assíduo na seção Romance e Novellas. A partir do estudo da trajetória dos demais colaboradores, recuperamos nomes de intelectuais esquecidos atualmente, mas que fizeram parte dos grandes debates literários da época, alguns dos quais ocorriam no próprio Jornal das Famílias. Ao analisar a produção literária divulgada no periódico, constatamos que ao principal público leitor do Jornal das Famílias, as mulheres, não foram oferecidas apenas leituras amenas, como destacam alguns pesquisadores. As leitoras foram inseridas em debates importantes para o século XIX, como a consolidação de uma literatura nacional e a condição do escritor brasileiro. A análise das narrativas mostra que a literatura brasileira não foi construída apenas pelos literatos hoje consagrados pela crítica, mas também por um grupo amplo de escritores preocupados com questões estéticas, políticas e sociais e que as manifestavam também no Jornal das Famílias / Abstract: The thesis "Beyond triviality - o Jornaldas Famílias [The Family Journal] and its production team" analyzes the organization of a magazine that circulated for sixteen years (1863-1878) in several Brazilian provinces (now states) and at least in two other countries, Portugal and France. The research aims at investigating the journal starting with publisher Baptiste Louis Garnier's work and his care with the materiality of his company's production. It also presents a list of writers and collaborators, including the most regular one, Machado de Assis, responsible for the section "Romance e Novellas" ["Novel and Short stories"]. By studying other collaborators' trajectories, we tried to recall some scholars who are forgotten nowadays, but who took part in the great literary discussions of the time, some of which taking place within the "FamilyJoumal" itself. When analyzing the literary production published in the magazine, we notice that, as some researchers point out, not only light readings were presented to women but, besides that, those women readers took part in some important discussions at the end of the nineteenth century, such as the consolidation of a national literature and the professionalization of the literary career. The analysis of the narratives shows that the Brazilian literature was conceived not only by the writers now recognized by the current critics, but by a large group of writers concerned with aesthetics, political and social issues and who made the "FamilyJournal" one of the most important means for cultural and literaryexpressions in Brazil / Doutorado / Literatura Brasileira / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

This master thesis constitutes a study into the history of reading. The object is to illustrate how reading practices of a few girls and young women were molded during the early decades of the twentieth century. By studying how reading was expressed in a specific historical situation, the prerequisites and changes of reading can be understood as part of a wider historical perspective. The primary material consists of 33 retrospective interviews that were recorded during the 1970s and 80s, wherein female respondents articulate their recollections of books and reading in their childhood and adolescent. The theoretical framework draws inspiration from the field of the history of reading, with influence from scholars such as Roger Chartier and Robert Darnton. The comprehension is that reading practices are shaped and limited by social and cultural factors, but the practices are also shaped by the liberties readers take within the prevailing limitations. The analysis shows that the home environment played a decisive role when it comes to the prerequisites for reading, and is closely intertwined with factors such as the parents' level of education, occupations and financial assets. As many homes suffered from a lack of reading material, the libraries connected to schools, religious communities or popular movements became valuable sources. Public education efforts, such as the emergence of public libraries and the spread of new, cheaper reading materials, had great significance for many of the girls, and made reading more varied and free. The overall picture shows that reading practices varied between different individuals. Different modalities of reading are closely intertwined with distinct individual prerequisites and the various opportunities which allowed the respondents to be active readers and tailor their reading practices to meet their own specific needs.

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This thesis is a study of the cultural history of children’s reading. It is argued that it is important to apply a wider historical perspective to the contemporary debate on the rapid changes in children’s and young people’s reading habits, and that existing historical research rarely deals with reading as a practice, but rather with its institutional and textual conditions such as the school, the library system and children’s literature. The thesis thus aims to explore the practice of reading and its relations to historical circumstances.Through a close reading of 30 retrospective interviews conducted in the 1970’s and 80’s, the analysis deals with some of the experienced motives, inter- pretations, materialities and social dimensions of children’s reading practices experienced in the first decades of the 20th century. It offers a discussion of these practices as related to wider historical contexts. Theoretically, the analysis is in- spired by the conceptualizations of a ‘history of reading’ in the works of Roger Chartier, Robert Darnton and Jonathan Rose.It is concluded that even if the informants in principle had access to different models, motives and genres for reading, the practice of reading often had to take on the character of improvisation in contexts where material resources and soci- al sympathies for reading were lacking. Furthermore, in relation to the complex social tensions and dynamics surrounding reading, the practice may also be defined by its degree of legitimacy and/or autonomy in a given context.These results imply that further research and debate is needed on the con- nections between the value attributed to reading in relation to changing concepts of work and “usefulness”, on the collective historical experiences of cultural progression, and on issues of the identity of the modern children’s library. / Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av Forsknings- och utbildningsnämnden vid Högskolan i Borås framläggs till offentlig granskning klockan 13.00 fredagen den 16 december 2011 i sal M506, Högskolan i Borås

The thesis explores the reception of the works of the Scottish Enlightenment in provincial Scotland, broadly defined, aiming to gauge their diffusion in the libraries of private book collectors and 'public' book-lending institutions, and to suggest the meanings and uses that contemporary Scottish readers assigned to major texts like Hume's History of England and Smith's Wealth of Nations. I thereby acknowledge the relevance of more traditional quantitative approaches to the history of reading (including statistical analysis of the holdings of contemporary book collections), but prioritise the study of sources that also allow us to access the 'hows' and 'whys' of individual reading practices and experiences. Indeed, the central thrust of my work has been the discovery and interrogation of large numbers of commonplace books, marginalia, diaries, correspondence and other documentary records which can be used to illuminate the reading experience itself in an explicit attempt to develop an approach to Scottish reading practices that can contribute in comparative terms to the burgeoning field of the history of reading. More particularly, such sources allow me to assess the impact that specific texts had on the lives, thought-processes and values of a wide range of contemporary readers, and to conclude that by reading these texts in their own endlessly idiosyncratic ways, consumers of literature in Scotland assimilated many of the prevalent attitudes and priorities of the literati in the major cities. Since many of the most important and pervasive manifestations of Enlightenment in Scotland were not particularly Scottish, however, I also cast doubt on the distinctive Scottishness of the prevailing 'cultural' definition of the Scottish Enlightenment, arguing that such behaviour might more appropriately be considered alongside cultural developments in Georgian England.