Education is a long-term effort. The children and teenagers are the pillar-to-be in our nation. Moreover, the popularization of national education can contribute to the enhancement of national competitiveness. Thus, the Article 21 of the Constitution of Taiwan regulates that the people shall have the right and duty to receive national education, which means anyone shall have the right to receive national education and the duty to receive national education as long as he or she is a citizen of Taiwan. Furthermore, to practice education drastically, the nation promulgates the Compulsory School Attendance Act. It allows local governments to establish ¡§committee of compulsory school attendance¡¨ to manage the dropouts from elementary and junior high schools, targeting ¡§zero dropout.¡¨ However, the good faith of the regulations can not be implemented well for every citizen in terms of ¡§the right and duty to receive education,¡¨ especially for the students who drop out of school. It is affected by complicated factors, such as personal value, society, economy, peers, indigenous people and new immigrants. Dropping out has concerned the field of education the most, and it has also brought related problems to the society and public order. Therefore, it is necessary to research and to discuss how to organize an effective legal system of dropout counseling management. Based on the 5 major frameworks of administration law, including administrative principles, administrative organization, administrative authority, administrative remedy and administrative supervision, this study aims at examining the legal system of junior high dropout counseling management to redress the deficiency of current law with researching by reference, historical analysis, comparative analysis and induction analysis in different aspects. Meanwhile, by learning from advanced countries, such as the U.S., Japan and Korea, some specific manners and suggestions, such as establishing dedicated organizations or offices, paying attention to secondary education and reinforcing the function of halfway schools, are expected to be provided for the government, schools, private organizations and future researchers. Through the above-mentioned manners, the situation of dropouts can be redressed and corrected. Moreover, the spirit of the Constitution, namely, the right and duty to receive national education for all citizens, can be fulfilled.

Fidelity to a program model and innovations added to the program model have been found to positively impact large scale program expansion and implementation (Blakely et al., 1987). Research examining the effectiveness of Healthy Families America (HFA) programs has been hindered by the differences that exist among HFA programs. This study examines the impact program fidelity and innovations have on outcome measures of updated immunizations, primary medical care providers, and participant retention for 102 HFA sites. Factor analysis and regression were used to analyze archival data. Results indicate that fidelity was positively related to percentage of participants with updated immunizations and primary medical care providers. Innovations, specifically additional services offered to participants and additional training opportunities for HFA staff, had positive relationships with participant retention.

Child maltreatment is a public health problem directly linked to poor outcomes across the lifespan, including chronic health conditions and even death. The local population served by the agency in which the project took place experienced an increase in reports of child maltreatment. Agency leadership identified deficiencies in parental knowledge about positive parenting practices as a contributing factor to the problem. To address the problem, the agency implemented a quality improvement evidence-based home visiting pilot initiative. The evaluation of that initiative was the purpose of this project. Bandura's social cognitive learning theory provided the theoretical framework for the project, and the logic model was used to facilitate the practice change in the facility. Evaluation was based on data extracted from the Family Support Program Outcome Survey (FSPOS) tool completed by all 22 program participants. Comprising 7 questions, the FSPOS was a validated and reliable tool and was used to assess the increase in participants' parental knowledge related to positive parenting practices before and after participation in the home visiting program. Survey results revealed that participation in the initiative increased participant knowledge. Using a 7-point Likert scale in which higher scores indicated higher levels of positive parenting practices, participant scores increased from M = 4.71 before participation to M = 6.60 after enrollment. The results reinforce the significance of the nursing profession in health promotion and disease prevention in communities. Findings of this project have the potential to promote positive social change by decreasing child maltreatment, which may reduce cost of care and improve quality of life across the lifespan.

Background: To date, little is known about the perspectives of healthcare and social service providers on the acceptability of long-term home visiting programs serving low-income, first-time mothers within a community. The present study reports on the experiences and perspectives of community professionals who participate in program referrals or deliver auxiliary services to these mothers who are enrolled in the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), a targeted nurse home visitation program. Methods: The present study comprised two phases. In phase one, a secondary qualitative data analysis was conducted to analyze a purposeful sample of 24 individual interviews with healthcare and social service providers, which was part of a larger qualitative case study examining adaptations required to increase the acceptability of NFP for families and service providers in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. In phase two, identified themes from phase one were further explored and confirmed through individual, semi-structured interviews with service providers using a qualitative descriptive approach. Findings: Healthcare and social service providers recognized the added value of NFP to existing community services for low-income, first-time mothers. The public health nurses (PHNs) who delivered the NFP intervention were perceived as playing a crucial role in connecting the first-time mothers to community services, preparing them for motherhood, and for preventing or ending the involvement of child protection services. NFP services were not perceived as interfering with the logistics of existing services being delivered; they were viewed as addressing an important service gap. Discussion: This is the first qualitative study to examine the acceptability of a home visiting intervention from the perspectives of healthcare and social service providers in a community context. The study findings have relevance for policymakers by informing the general understanding of how a new early childhood prevention program is integrated among existing community-based supports servicing low-income, first-time mothers. / Thesis / Master of Health Sciences (MSc)

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o processo de desenvolvimento de um programa de visita domiciliar para adolescentes gestantes e mães, implementado pelo Núcleo de Estudos da Violência da Universidade de São Paulo (NEV/USP). O local inusitado em que este programa tem origem um núcleo de pesquisas que tem como seu principal eixo de trabalho a relação entre democracia e direitos humanos, possibilitou que alguns conceitos, muitas vezes implícitos nas práticas de intervenção, fossem questionados e revistos a partir de questões relacionadas à cidadania, direitos e a democracia. Neste sentido, buscou-se, a partir de uma leitura de Michel Foucault sobre as práticas govenamentalizadas de poder, discutir questões que, tomadas como verdades, passam a acionar práticas prescritivas, normatizas e regularizadoras. Práticas que ativam e reativam relações de poder, muitas vezes de forma arbitrária e autoritária, principalmente quando tem alvo de suas intervenções o pobre e/ou a população empobrecida. Tendo como foco os saberes e, consequentemente, a produção discursiva que se forma em torno da adolescência e, posteriormente da gravidez na adolescência, buscou-se compreender em que contexto esta última se transforma não só em problema como também, a partir de sua associação com as idéias de risco e vulnerabilidade, passa a justificar práticas interventivas focadas, sobretudo, no indivíduo e/ou população. Por fim, busca-se descrever como estas questões conceituais foram constantemente tensionando os saberes e as práticas tanto da equipe envolvida na criação e implementação de um programa como também, posteriormente, das próprias participantes / The objective of this work is to report the process of development of a program of home visitation for adolescent pregnant women and adolescent mothers carried out by the Center for the Study of Violence of the University of São Paulo (NEV/USP). The unexpected institution where this program was born a research center that has as its main axe of work the relationship between democracy and human rights , made it possible that some of the concepts, frequently implicit on intervention practices, be questioned and revised from the point of view of matters of citizenship, rights and democracy. Departing from a reading of Michel Foucault about the governmentalized practices of power relations, this work sought to discuss matters that, taken as truths, trigger prescriptive, normative and regulating practices. Practices that activate and reactivate power relations, very often on arbitrary and authoritarian way, especially when the focuses of interventions are poor individuals or poor communities. Having as its focus the knowledge and, therefore, the discursive production that takes form surrounding adolescence and, latter, surrounding pregnancy during adolescence, the thesis sought to understand in which context this last one transforms itself into problems, as well as, from its associations with ideas of risk and vulnerability justifies interventions focused mainly on individuals and population.Lastly, it was sought to describe how these conceptual matters were constantly tensioning knowledge and practices not only among the professional team that developed and implemented the program but also, latter, by the participants themselves

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:37:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 30 / Nenhuma / No mundo inteiro, visitas domiciliares têm sido utilizadas em programas de promoção do desenvolvimento infantil, visando à melhoria das condições de saúde e de desenvolvimento, sobretudo na gestação e nos primeiros anos de vida da criança, especialmente voltados para famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade. Vários estudos têm sido desenvolvidos com o intuito de avaliar tais programas, a partir de evidências sobre os resultados e os efeitos das intervenções, que se manifestam anos mais tarde, utilizando principalmente metodologia quantitativa. Poucos estudos têm utilizado uma abordagem qualitativa, e focalizado as percepções acerca dos programas, tanto por parte dos visitadores quanto dos beneficiários. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as percepções maternas sobre as visitas domiciliares, no Programa Primeira Infância Melhor, durante a gestação e o primeiro ano de vida do bebê. Esse Programa foi implantado no Rio Grande do Sul em 2003 e, anos mais tarde, deu origem a uma Lei Estadual com o mesmo escopo. Fo / Home visiting has been used worldwide in early childhood development programs, aiming at the improvement of both health and development conditions, especially during pregnancy and the early years of the child’s life, and mainly for families living in vulnerable conditions. A number of studies have been developed for the purpose of assessing such programs, based on the evidence on results and effects of interventions that will be made known years later, mainly using quantitative methodology. Few studies use a qualitative approach and focus on perceptions on the programs, either by the visitors or the beneficiaries. The present study aims at analyzing maternal perceptions on home visiting under the Programa Primeira Infância Melhor (A Better Early Childhood Program) during pregnancy and the infant’s first year of life. This Program was introduced in Rio Grande do Sul in 2003, and inspired, years later, a State Law with the same goal. A qualitative exploratory transversal study was carried out, based on the Mult

The goal of this international study was to gain insight into a little-known approach to family home visiting: programs that make use of both volunteer and paid visitors. Using a qualitative embedded multiple case study design, I interviewed volunteers and staff at three such programs regarding the development of the service, and the strengths and challenges of this approach. Key findings suggest that this approach allows programs to provide preventative, universally available services; and to serve a greater number and broader range of families. These were important features given the local targeted, reactive service delivery systems. Common challenges included funding difficulties and some limited communication and workload issues. This approach shows promise as a way to increase program accessibility and impact. Considerations for program planners include the costs of qualified staff to coordinate volunteers and do home visiting, and organizational readiness to deploy volunteers effectively in home visiting roles. / A preliminary exploratory study of three family home visiting programs involving volunteer and paid home visitors.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o processo de desenvolvimento de um programa de visita domiciliar para adolescentes gestantes e mães, implementado pelo Núcleo de Estudos da Violência da Universidade de São Paulo (NEV/USP). O local inusitado em que este programa tem origem um núcleo de pesquisas que tem como seu principal eixo de trabalho a relação entre democracia e direitos humanos, possibilitou que alguns conceitos, muitas vezes implícitos nas práticas de intervenção, fossem questionados e revistos a partir de questões relacionadas à cidadania, direitos e a democracia. Neste sentido, buscou-se, a partir de uma leitura de Michel Foucault sobre as práticas govenamentalizadas de poder, discutir questões que, tomadas como verdades, passam a acionar práticas prescritivas, normatizas e regularizadoras. Práticas que ativam e reativam relações de poder, muitas vezes de forma arbitrária e autoritária, principalmente quando tem alvo de suas intervenções o pobre e/ou a população empobrecida. Tendo como foco os saberes e, consequentemente, a produção discursiva que se forma em torno da adolescência e, posteriormente da gravidez na adolescência, buscou-se compreender em que contexto esta última se transforma não só em problema como também, a partir de sua associação com as idéias de risco e vulnerabilidade, passa a justificar práticas interventivas focadas, sobretudo, no indivíduo e/ou população. Por fim, busca-se descrever como estas questões conceituais foram constantemente tensionando os saberes e as práticas tanto da equipe envolvida na criação e implementação de um programa como também, posteriormente, das próprias participantes / The objective of this work is to report the process of development of a program of home visitation for adolescent pregnant women and adolescent mothers carried out by the Center for the Study of Violence of the University of São Paulo (NEV/USP). The unexpected institution where this program was born a research center that has as its main axe of work the relationship between democracy and human rights , made it possible that some of the concepts, frequently implicit on intervention practices, be questioned and revised from the point of view of matters of citizenship, rights and democracy. Departing from a reading of Michel Foucault about the governmentalized practices of power relations, this work sought to discuss matters that, taken as truths, trigger prescriptive, normative and regulating practices. Practices that activate and reactivate power relations, very often on arbitrary and authoritarian way, especially when the focuses of interventions are poor individuals or poor communities. Having as its focus the knowledge and, therefore, the discursive production that takes form surrounding adolescence and, latter, surrounding pregnancy during adolescence, the thesis sought to understand in which context this last one transforms itself into problems, as well as, from its associations with ideas of risk and vulnerability justifies interventions focused mainly on individuals and population.Lastly, it was sought to describe how these conceptual matters were constantly tensioning knowledge and practices not only among the professional team that developed and implemented the program but also, latter, by the participants themselves

Bakgrund: Barn som växer upp i socioekonomisk utsatthet löper större risk att drabbas av ohälsa genom hela livet. Ett flertal projekt har prövats i arbetet med proportionell universalism, vilket innebär att generella åtgärder anpassas till prioriterade gruppers behov. Ett exempel på detta arbete är utökade hembesök inom barnhälsovården som utförs tillsammans med familjestödjare från Socialtjänsten. Utvärderingar av tidigare projekt med utökade hembesök inom barnhälsovården har visat på goda långsiktiga resultat. Att studera personalens upplevelser av att arbeta i samverkan med utökade hembesök kan bidra till en djupare kunskap kring utvecklingen av arbetssätt för att främja hälsa. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskors och familjestödjares upplevelser av att i samverkan arbeta med utökat hembesöksprogram. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 11 deltagare från barnhälsovård och socialtjänst i Västra Götalandsregionen. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera intervjuerna. Resultat: Personalens upplevde att arbetet med utökade hembesök har givit bättre samverkan tvärprofessionellt som även kunde utnyttjas i det övriga dagliga arbetet. Arbetssättet beskrevs ta extra tid och resurser jämfört med traditionellt barnhälsovårdsarbete. För att framgångsrikt arbeta på detta sätt krävdes ett personligt intresse för förebyggande arbete. Resultatet visade att arbetssättet synliggjorde och neutraliserade socialtjänstens resurser för att kunna hjälpa fler med den rådgivning och det stöd som fanns att tillgå. Slutsats: Personalen upplevde att samverkan hade givit en ökad kunskap om respektive professioner och en lättare kommunikation dem emellan. Hembesöken upplevdes bidra till en mer avslappnad relation till familjerna och synliggjorde samhällets stödjande resurser. / Background: Children who grow up in socio-economic vulnerability are at greater risk of suffering from ill health throughout their lives. Several projects have been tested in within the frame of proportional universalism, which mean that general measures were adapted to the needs of priority groups. An example of such work is extended home visits in child health care services, which are carried out by child health care nurses in collaboration with family caregivers from the Social Services. Evaluations of previous projects with extended home visits in child health care have shown good long-term results. Studying the staff's experiences of working in collaboration with extended home visits can contribute to a deeper understanding for methods to promote health. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe child health care nurses and social workers experiences of working with extended home visiting program in collaboration. Method: Semi structured interviews were conducted with 11 informants from child health care and social services in the Western part of Sweden. Qualitative content analyzis was used to analyze the interviews.Results: The staff experienced that working with extended home visits showed that it has provided better cross-professional collaboration that could also be utilized in the other daily work. This approach took extra time and resources compared to traditional child health work. To work successfully in this way, a personal interest in preventive work was required. The result showed that the working method made visible and neutralized the resources of the social services to help more people with the counseling and support that was available. Conclusion: The staff experienced that the collaboration provided increased knowledge of the respective professions and facilitated communication between them. The home visits contributed to a more relaxed relationship with the families and made visible the supportive resources of the community.