Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:43:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Moraes Pereira.pdf: 1818751 bytes, checksum: 6416fc1f7a419f915152b68adfeed734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / The homosexual family is one of the several family types in the contemporary society. It is constructed, deconstructed and reconstructed while dynamic relationships are established in the social everyday life. Thus, this study focuses on the reflection upon the contradictions which permeate the homosexual family in the contemporary society, more specifically in the conception of family for the couples that take part in the study. Its general objective is to comprehend how the families which participate in the study are organized and construct a conception of family within the contradictions that involve the familial context. It is qualitative research whose locus was the Grupo Dignidade (Dignity Group) and its members. The analysis of results has five main axes: a) the subjects’ concept of family; b) the homosexual family construction; c) the social reproduction of male and female; d) the marriage and its meanings; and e) the society view as seen by the subjects. Results revealed that the couples who took part in the study present different conceptions of family and from that establish social and familial relationships. Also, the reproduction of elements such as sexual division of labor and violence between partners, which are conflicts characteristic of the nuclear family, is observed. It is worth to highlight that there is internalization of the prejudice by the couples, even if at the same time they point to some advancement in the society view to recognize the homosexual families. The study also verifies that the homosexual family is in the social relations set, trying to be established and fight its inherent conflicts. / A família homossexual é um dos diversos arranjos familiares existentes na sociedade contemporânea. Ela se constrói, se desconstrói e se reconstrói na medida em que estabelece relações dinâmicas no cotidiano social. Assim, o objeto da presente pesquisa centra-se na reflexão sobre as contradições que permeiam a família homossexual na sociedade contemporânea, especificamente na concepção de família para os casais participantes. O objetivo geral da mesma é compreender como as famílias participantes do estudo se organizam e constroem uma concepção de família em meio às contradições que envolvem o contexto familiar. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que teve como lócus o Grupo Dignidade e seus participantes. A análise dos resultados está centrada em cinco eixos principais: a) A concepção de família dos sujeitos; b) A construção da família homossexual; c) A reprodução social da masculinidade e feminilidade; d) O casamento e seus significados; e) A visão da sociedade pela ótica dos sujeitos. Os resultados evidenciaram que os casais participantes apresentam diferentes concepções sobre família e, a partir disso, estabelecem relações sociais e familiares. Ainda, observa-se a reprodução de elementos como divisão sexual do trabalho e violência entre casais, conflitos característicos da família nuclear. Vale destacar que há a internalização do preconceito por parte dos casais, ao mesmo tempo em que apontam para um avanço do olhar da sociedade para o reconhecimento das famílias homossexuais. Com essa pesquisa verifica-se que a família homossexual está no conjunto das relações sociais, buscando se estabelecer e enfrentar os conflitos inerentes a ela.

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo principal el comprender las trayectorias identitarias de las personas mayores homosexuales; profundizando en las experiencias y significados que las componen, y en el contexto social, político y epidemiológico en el cual se enmarcan. Se hace uso de una metodología cualitativa, la cual se sostiene en los relatos de vida como fuente para acceder y aprehender las trayectorias identitarias. En el análisis de los relatos se han identificado tres momentos clave en sus trayectorias identitarias. En primer lugar, los relatos ponen énfasis en el proceso de construcción de sus identidades sexuales y la influencia del discurso condenatorio. Además, en este momento se remarca la experiencia colectiva marcada por el sufrimiento. En el segundo momento se hace presente un cambio de actitud; mis informantes dejan de verse como víctimas y se vuelvan conscientes de su libertad y sus capacidades como agentes de su transformación. Se pasa a narrar el surgimiento y evolución del discurso homosexual afirmativo como una medida contestataria desarrollada por el naciente Movimiento de Liberación Homosexual. El último momento resalta la llegada de la vejez. En este momento mis informantes deben enfrentarse a un doble estigma, como homosexuales y personas mayores, en relación a su cuerpo y el deseo sexual, sus experiencias en el “ambiente”, sus posibilidades de visibilidad y la constitución de sus redes sociales. Siendo la identidad sexual de la población adulta mayor un factor largamente ignorado por la Academia y el Estado, esta investigación pretende revertir este vacío desde la Antropología / Tesis

Ickeheterosexuella har en sämre hälsa än heterosexuella, framför allt en sämre psykisk hälsa. Rädsla för ett negativt bemötande kan leda till att dessa patienter undviker vård. Därmed påverkas också hälsan. När sjuksköterskan möter dessa patienter i sitt arbete är det därför viktigt att vårdrelationen utvecklas på ett så bra sätt som möjligt. En positiv vårdrelation är väsentlig för att patienten ska kunna uppnå hälsa. Syftet med studien är att beskriva ickeheterosexuella patienters upplevelser och erfarenheter av vårdpersonalens bemötande samt vårdpersonals/vårdstudenters attityder och känslor gentemot denna patientgrupp. Metoden är en litteraturöversikt med analys av både kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning.Ickeheterosexuella patienter upplever att vårdpersonalen tar för givet att alla är heterosexuella vilket medför att patienterna känner sig utanför, annorlunda och att de inte passar in. De väljer om, när och hur de ska komma ut som ickeheterosexuella. Negativt bemötande förekommer men förväntningarna om ett negativt bemötande är större än ett faktiskt negativt bemötande. Vårdpersonalen har både positiva och negativa attityder/känslor gentemot ickeheterosexuella patienter. Dock skulle en tredjedel av vårdpersonalen avstå från att vårda en homosexuell om de hade möjlighet.Vården är heteronormativ vilket medför att ickeheterosexuella blir osynliggjorda och inte tagna på allvar. Sjuksköterskan måste verka för att bryta patienternas förväntningar om ett negativt bemötande. Ickeheterosexuella patienter skapar strategier för att garantera ett gott bemötande och tar därmed ett stort ansvar för att vårdrelationen ska bli positiv. Vårdpersonalens negativa inställning gentemot ickeheterosexuella kan bero på osäkerhet. Osäkerheten gör att de inte tar ansvar för vårdrelationen. Vårdpersonal behöver mer kunskap om ickeheterosexuella patienter för att kunna verka för en positiv vårdrelation och därmed underlätta för ickeheterosexuella patienter att uppnå hälsa. / <p>Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>

Atualmente, presenciamos múltiplos tipos de família, como: famílias nucleares, monoparentais, reconstituídas, com filhos biológicos e/ou adotivos, dentre as quais encontramos famílias homossexuais. Há uma escassez de trabalhos sobre essas famílias e percebe-se a forte presença de preconceito e discriminação nos mais diversos segmentos e contextos sociais, em especial, no que diz respeito às questões homossexuais e de gênero e de como isso influenciaria na educação das crianças. Esse estudo visa compreender como homossexuais entre 20 e 55 anos, vivenciam a paternidade, a maternidade e/ou parentalidade e que significados lhe atribuem. A fenomenologia ancorada à filosofia do diálogo de Buber foi o referencial teórico-metodológico adotado nesta pesquisa para alcançarmos o objetivo proposto. Foram entrevistados seis homens e nove mulheres homossexuais com filho(a)(s) biológicos e/ou adotivos que formaram famílias monoparentais, adotivas, reconstituídas ou nucleares. Os resultados apontam um maior preparo psíquico e socioeconômico para a chegada de uma criança, em especial quando o desejo de ter filhos ocorre após a tomada de consciência da homossexualidade e/ou formação do vínculo conjugal homossexual. As funções parentais são exercidas pelos(a)s colaboradore(a)s os com nuances da relação intersubjetiva EU-TU. Foram relatadas situações de preconceito quanto ao exercício da parentalidade e/ou à expressão da homossexualidade, nas famílias de origem, no trabalho e entre os amigos, os quais puderam ser diminuídos por intermédio da convivência e conhecimento das situações vivenciadas. Alguns do(as)s colaboredore(a)s deixaram entrever uma homofobia internalizada, principalmente em relação à sua própria homossexualidade, que os aproxima das palavras princípio EU-ISSO. O modelo heterocêntrico de família é recorrente nos discursos assim como a falta de referenciais de famílias homossexuais. / At present, we are witnessing multiple family forms such as nuclear families, single parent families, and reconstructed families with biological and/or adopted children. Among these we find homosexual families. There is a shortage of works about those families. We strongly perceive the presence of prejudice and discrimination concerning homosexual questions with respect to more diverse segments and social contexts, especially about the homosexuality issue and how it would influence in the children?s education. Our goal is to understand how homosexuals between 20 and 55 years experience fatherhood, motherhood, and/or kinship and what meanings they attribute to these. The phenomenology anchored in the philosophy of of Buber\'s dialogue was the theoretical-methodology referential referred to and adopted in this research to reach the proposed goal. Six men and nine homosexual women, with biological and/or adopted children, who formed single parent, adopted, rebuilt or nuclear families were interviewed. The results aim towards a greater socio-economic and psychological preparation for the arrival of an infant, especially when the wish to have a child occurs after consciousness of the homosexuality and/or the formation of the conjugal homosexual link. The parental function is exercised by both, with nuances from the intersubjective relationship of ME-YOU. Situations of prejudice, especially as regards the sexual papers examined for this research are also related, as well as the expression of homosexuality, in the families of origin, at work among friends, in which could be decreased through the experience and knowing of the situations experienced. Some of the collaborators showed during the study an internalized homophobia, mainly in relation to his/her own homosexuality, which approach them to the principle ME-IT. The heterocentric model of family appears in the speech as well as the lack of homosexual families references.

This was a collective case where lesbian survivors of childhood sexual abuse were studied. Resiliency is a combination of personality traits and environmental influences that serve to protect an individual from the harmful psychological effects of trauma (Bogar & Hulse-Killaky, 2006). The focus of this study was resiliency skills that lesbians used in working through childhood sexual abuse and clinical applications. Using a qualitative approach, specific inquiries included (a) what resiliency skills were used to work through childhood sexual abuse, (b) how counselors can be helpful and unhelpful, (c) what were some barriers to getting counseling, (d) what are the current resiliency skills, and (e) what advice a lesbian survivor of childhood sexual abuse would give to another survivor. Participants were interviewed about their level of satisfaction in various areas of their lives, their history of childhood sexual abuse, and their resiliency. Themes were revealed addressing the specific inquiries. Results are reported within the various categories suggesting that coping with childhood sexual abuse is possible. Clinical implications were concluded from the results and recommendations for clinical practice given.

Gay males have higher than average rates of suicidal ideation, which has been attributed in part to the pressure to conform to societal religious norms. Using the theoretical frameworks of Durkheim and of Pescosolido and Georgianna, the purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the role of religiosity as a factor of suicidal ideation in gay males. In this study, 113 gay males completed an online survey regarding their level of religiosity as measured by the Religious Background and Behaviors Questionnaire, past suicidal ideation as measured by the Suicidal Ideation Measure, and certain predictor variables, including being "out" to family members, family being supportive, age, religious affiliation (current and during childhood), ethnicity, and population of town during childhood. Regression analyses found no direct statistical significance between level of religiosity and suicidal ideation. There was a predictive relationship, however, between level of family support, level of religiosity, and suicidal ideation. These findings support the Pescosolido and Georgianna theory that belongingness reduces suicidal ideation. The implications for positive social change include the need for mental health professionals to highlight the importance of positive support for gay males as a potential buffer to suicidal ideation.

Even with the repeal of the 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' (DADT) policy, the U.S. Army has seen increased cases of sexual harassment; sexual assault; and discrimination of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) service members by other service members. Despite this trend, few studies have explored the experiences of victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault of GLB recruits before, during, and after the repeal of the DADT policy. Using the bystander effect as the theoretical construct, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences and interactions with a sample of 11 drill sergeants (DSs) who witnessed GLB discrimination in order to gain insight on strategies to prevent sexual harassment and discrimination against GLB recruits. Interview data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Key findings indicate that participants perceived a general support for GLB inclusion into the basic combat training environment, and participants were unaware of the high number of discharges of service members from the U.S. Army during the implementation of the DADT policy. Another important finding is that participants were supportive of GLB scenario-based training. Finally, the bystander effect was found to be the main reason participants failed to intervene when instances of discriminatory or abusive behavior was observed. Implications for positive social change can be realized in the U.S. Army through promoting awareness of GLB discrimination, its impact, and how DSs can lead the effort in preventing this sort of behavior against the GLB recruits. A key recommendation is for the U.S. Army to explore implementing scenario-based training for all recruits as part of this effort.

In this qualitative study, gay and straight men's experiences in male friendships were examined in order to explore differences and similarities between the participants' construction of masculinities. A social constructionist approach to understanding human experience was utilised, through an examination of in-depth interviews with 21 men (10 straight, 11 gay). The data was interpreted following a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, utilising the lens of Gestalt therapy theory, resulting in a series of essence statements, which expressed the underlying structures of the participants' experiences of masculinity. These findings revealed constructions of masculinities which were explored in relation to the participants' close male friendships and support seeking processes. A major finding was the importance of shame as a regulating variable in the gay and straight participants' construction of their masculinity. Shame or avoidance of shame appeared to be linked to the influence of a dominant heterosexual masculine ideology. It was revealed that whilst dominant masculine ideologies were experienced as powerful 'background' beliefs, the participants were able to construct contemporaneous masculinities that were contextual and field sensitive. Thus the concept of masculinities appears inherently fluid, and changeable. Furthermore, the results indicated different definitions of friendship which appeared to be related to different constructions of masculinity. The gay participants' friendships were described in interpersonal terms compared with the straight participants' friendships which appeared more focussed on external activities. The experience of shame, or fear of the potential for shame emerged as important variables that influenced intimacy, closeness and distance in gay and straight participants' friendships and their ability to seek and receive emotional social support. The finding that men appear to seek help from male friends in ways that are consistent with their constructions of masculinity has important implications for fostering supportive interactions between men. Furthermore, an understanding of men's experiences regarding what constitutes a supportive interaction and defines intimacy appears important as these views will most likely guide their decision making processes about from whom and how they might seek support. Finally, the possibilities for constructing new masculinities are explored as men's friendships and support behaviour are both influenced by, and in turn influence, the construction of masculinities.

Ethological and developmental studies have demonstrated the presence and importance of playful aggression for primates and children; additional studies suggest that playful aggression is also present in adulthood but is adapted and incorporated into relationships in different ways than it previously was in childhood. Little is known about young adults’ perceptions of playful aggression in romantic relationships, especially among same-sex couples. This study investigated perceptions of aggression when the sexual orientation of the couple, the severity of aggression, and the response of the recipient, who was receiving the aggression, were manipulated in a series of scenarios. Young adults, ages 18 to 25 years (N = 336) of both sexes rated a series of previously validated scales and then rated 24 scenarios. Data was analyzed using a series of repeated measures ANOVAs, paired samples t-tests, and independent t-tests. The data revealed that the response of the recipient had a significant effect on ratings of aggression such that in scenarios with a positive response (when the recipient smiled as opposed to frowning and walking away), behaviors were perceived as less aggressive. The gender of the aggressor also had a significant effect; scenarios with a male aggressor and female recipient were rated most aggressive out of the 24 scenarios. Additional results suggest that aggression in homosexual couples is perceived as less aggressive than comparable aggression in heterosexual couples. Results are discussed in the context of efforts to integrate research and develop a more cohesive understanding of playful aggression, specifically, how this aggression is perceived in adult romantic relationships.

This thesis examines the ways in which American Idol producers rely on the white, Christian, heterosexual, middle-class, Americanness of contestants’ bodies and identities to advance the show’s American Dream narrative. When contestants do not meet all four of the components of Americaness, producers highlight some aspects of the contestants’ identities while hiding other truths about who they are. Additionally, those contestants who are able to adhere simultaneously to their producer-constructed personas while also asserting their individuality tend to fair best in the competition. / text