The murder of women in order to uphold ‘honour’ has occurred throughout history and in many contexts. Despite high rates of domestic violence and increased rates of honour killing over the last decade in Palestine, there is a paucity of empirical data about the phenomenon, the social and cultural forces underlying it and how it affects family members emotionally and socially. The standpoint of this thesis is that Palestinian society today has no solution to honour killing (HK). This study addresses two questions: the factors that contribute to HK, as reported by the participants; and the emotional and social effects and consequences of it. The study adopted a Grounded Theory method. Data were collected using individual and group interviews with family members, professionals and neighbours associated with victims of HK. The total numbers of the participants were 43 (23 family members, 15 professionals and 5 neighbours). A feminist paradigm guided the data collection and analysis. The findings of this study have revealed that the HK phenomenon is multifaceted, grounded in the interplay of several complex factors, including institutionalized patriarchy within society, families and Palestinian culture; honour and shame values in the traditional society and other societal influences (cultural norms and values, legislative and institutional systems). This study therefore concluded that HKs were patriarchal and traditional methods of disempowering and subjugating women, enabled (directly or indirectly) by families, communities, political parties, religious leaders, professionals and the state, rendering society at large as unlikely to condemn honour killing. The main result was that although family members killed their female relatives primarily in an attempt to re-establish their honour, the murder failed in this purpose and in fact made their situation worse. Understanding this significant finding gives a clear message to family members and to the public that honour killing harms perpetrators emotionally and further damages family honour, where enter into a long process which ultimately leads to social death. Thus, multiple efforts are needed to combat HK, but this is extremely difficult. Altering the attitudes and behaviour of those who believe in HK is not an easy task but one of the first and crucial steps in combating this issue is state action. This study shows that most participants, especially family members, were concerned about family reputation and endeavoured to resolve problems within the family. This makes solving the problems inside families more difficult for any external party. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to work with families. Further research has the potential to increase our understanding of other social factors and processes involved in honour killing, which would enable concerned parties to better craft effective intervention strategies.

This thesis interrogates García Márquez’s representations of sexualities in the following selected novels: Chronicle of a Death Foretold (1981); The Autumn of the Patriarch (1975); One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967); The Sad and Incredible Tale of Innocent Erendira and her Heartless Grandmother (1972); and Memories of My Melancholy Whores (2004). It is argued here that García Márquez’s employment of the sexuality motif enables him to delve into many worldwide current concerns such as the irrelevance of some socio-cultural sexual practices; commercial sexual exploitation of children; the different manifestations of prostitution; and female powerlessness under autocratic rule. Earlier literary critics have tended to narrowly interpret García Márquez’s employment of the sexuality motif as just a metaphor for colonial exploitation of the colonised. The study also explores the writer’s artistic role and concludes that García Márquez speaks against commercial sexual exploitation of children as he concurrently speaks on behalf of children so exploited. Similarly, the writer speaks on behalf of prostituted womanhood by showing how prostitutional gains do not seem to cascade down to the prostitutes themselves. García Márquez also invests female sexual passivity as a coping mechanism against a dictator’s limitless power over the life and death of his citizens. However, the writer also constructs female agency that grows from the rejection of an initial victimhood to develop into an extremely flawed and corrupt flesh trade that co-opts and indentures children into sex work with impunity. Thus the study breaks new ground to show that García Márquez’s representations of different sexualities are not merely soft porn masquerading as art. His is a voice added to the worldwide concerns over commercial sexual exploitation of children in the main and also the recovery of a self-reliant female self-hood that was previously inextricably bound to male sexual norms. Quite clearly, García Márquez demonstrates that female prostitution is driven by a lack of social safety nets, a lack of other economically viable options and also a distinct lack of educational opportunities for female economic independence, hence the flawed female agency. / English Studies / African Languages

<p>The purpose of this paper was to describe how a phenomenon is constructed into being a social problem, by studying articles on honour killing in the Swedish daily press and in the technical journal Socionomen. The main questions were: can different discourses on honour killing be identified, and if so, have they changed over time, and are there differences between the discourses identified in the daily press and in Socionomen? The method used was a qualitative analysis of discourse influenced by Faircloughs Critical Discourse Analysis. The main conclusion was that honour killing has been textually constructed as a social problem in the studied media. There was one main discourse which clearly pointed out groups as bearers and victims of the social problem. This discourse has provided causality to society by indicating culture, religion and ethnicity as the reasons for the honour killing. Adding to this, our interpretation is that there was only a slight difference between how the social problem had been textually constructed in the Swedish daily press and in Socionomen, and that honour killing has been textually constructed as a social problem almost without contribution from social workers.</p>

The purpose of this paper was to describe how a phenomenon is constructed into being a social problem, by studying articles on honour killing in the Swedish daily press and in the technical journal Socionomen. The main questions were: can different discourses on honour killing be identified, and if so, have they changed over time, and are there differences between the discourses identified in the daily press and in Socionomen? The method used was a qualitative analysis of discourse influenced by Faircloughs Critical Discourse Analysis. The main conclusion was that honour killing has been textually constructed as a social problem in the studied media. There was one main discourse which clearly pointed out groups as bearers and victims of the social problem. This discourse has provided causality to society by indicating culture, religion and ethnicity as the reasons for the honour killing. Adding to this, our interpretation is that there was only a slight difference between how the social problem had been textually constructed in the Swedish daily press and in Socionomen, and that honour killing has been textually constructed as a social problem almost without contribution from social workers.

This Master Thesis investigates how the Swedish Newspapers Expressen and DN are using sources and expertise in their portrayal of honour related violence. Which sources are they using, and in which way are these sources being used? 40 articles written between January 1 2017 – March 31 2018 have been chosen for a qualitative analysis step one. In the second step 10 articles have been chosen for a deeper analysis. In the third step three journalists have been interviewed about the articles they have been written in the subject honour-related violence. The method frame analysis have been used. The results of the qualitative analysis shows for example that it is many of the articles that have a strong dramaturgy, and that the use of emotive words are different in various type of articles. The study also shows that the use of sources and expertise are different in DN than in Expressen, and that the use of sources and expertis are remarkable different from other kinds of articles in journalism. / I denna magisteruppsats undersöks på vilket sätt de två svenska dags- och kvällstidningarna DN ochExpressen skriver om hedersrelaterat våld, vilka källor de använder sig av och på vilket sätt dessa källor används. 40 artiklar skrivna mellan 1 januari 2017 – 31 mars 2018 har valts ut för det första steget i studien. I det andra steget görs en djupare kvalitativ analys av 10 artiklar. I det sista steget genomförs intervjuer med tre journalister på de utvalda tidningarna som skrivit flera artiklar om hedersrelaterat våld. Analyserna har genomförts med hjälp av metoden gestaltningsanalys (framing). Studien visar bland annat att användningen av källor och expertis skiljer sig åt mellan tidningarna, att många artiklar lätt kan placeras i en dramaturgisk modell, och att förekomsten av värdeladdade ord har olika betydelse beroende på vilken typ av artikel som skrivs. Studien visar även att källor och expertis i skildrandet av hedersrelaterat våld, på många sätt skiljer sig markant från andra ämnen inom journalistiken.

This study examines social authorities' experiences of what it is like to work and collaborate with honour-related violence and oppression. All respondents come from different authorities and are members of a collaboration group aiming to collaborate and work against honour-related violence and oppression. The study is based on six semi-structured interviews with professionals from school, the police, social services, county administration and health care. The study shows that honour-related violence and oppression is a complex and multidimensional concept that is mainly expressed by collectively exercised control which in the worst case can lead to murder. Furthermore, it can be seen that there is a common understanding that cooperation in honour-related violence and oppression is particularly important because these cases are more complex than others. The result shows that there is a common understanding and consensus regarding the concept's definition within the collaboration group. Success factors for good collaborative work are highlighted by shared knowledge of the problem and understanding of each other's different roles, which the respondents feel they have gained by participating in the collaboration group. However, the respondents feel that this is lacking within the authorities due to the fact that knowledge within this field is scarce. The result describes obstacles in cooperation which are described as a lack of knowledge within the authorities but also laws, high workload, staff turnover and time restriction. Thus, the results show that despite a functioning collaboration, there are limited opportunities to help people exposed to honour-related violence and oppression. / I denna studie undersöks samhällsaktörers upplevelser av hur det är att arbeta och samverka kring hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Respondenterna kommer från olika verksamheter och är medlemmar i en resursgrupp mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Studien är baserad på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från skola, polis, socialtjänst, länsstyrelse och hälso- och sjukvård. Av studien framkommer att hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är ett komplext och mångdimensionellt begrepp som främst tar sig i uttryck av en kollektivt utövad kontroll som i värsta fall kan resultera i mord. Resultatet i studien visar att samverkan inom hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är särskilt viktigt eftersom dessa ärenden är mer komplexa än andra. Resultatet visar att det föreligger en gemensam förståelse och samsyn kring begreppets definition inom resursgruppen. Framgångsfaktorer för ett gott samverkansarbete framhävs av gemensam kunskap om problemet samt förståelse för varandras olika roller vilket respondenterna upplever att de fått genom att ha medverkat i resursgruppen. Däremot upplever respondenterna att detta saknas inom respektive verksamheter då det råder brist på kunskap inom området. Resultatet redogör för hinder inom samverkan som utgörs av rådande kunskapsbrist inom respektive verksamheter men också lagstiftning, hög arbetsbelastning- och personalomsättning och tidsbrist. Dock visar resultatet att det trots en fungerande samverkan, finns begränsade möjligheter att hjälpa personer utsatta för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck.

This thesis interrogates García Márquez’s representations of sexualities in the following selected novels: Chronicle of a Death Foretold (1981); The Autumn of the Patriarch (1975); One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967); The Sad and Incredible Tale of Innocent Erendira and her Heartless Grandmother (1972); and Memories of My Melancholy Whores (2004). It is argued here that García Márquez’s employment of the sexuality motif enables him to delve into many worldwide current concerns such as the irrelevance of some socio-cultural sexual practices; commercial sexual exploitation of children; the different manifestations of prostitution; and female powerlessness under autocratic rule. Earlier literary critics have tended to narrowly interpret García Márquez’s employment of the sexuality motif as just a metaphor for colonial exploitation of the colonised. The study also explores the writer’s artistic role and concludes that García Márquez speaks against commercial sexual exploitation of children as he concurrently speaks on behalf of children so exploited. Similarly, the writer speaks on behalf of prostituted womanhood by showing how prostitutional gains do not seem to cascade down to the prostitutes themselves. García Márquez also invests female sexual passivity as a coping mechanism against a dictator’s limitless power over the life and death of his citizens. However, the writer also constructs female agency that grows from the rejection of an initial victimhood to develop into an extremely flawed and corrupt flesh trade that co-opts and indentures children into sex work with impunity. Thus the study breaks new ground to show that García Márquez’s representations of different sexualities are not merely soft porn masquerading as art. His is a voice added to the worldwide concerns over commercial sexual exploitation of children in the main and also the recovery of a self-reliant female self-hood that was previously inextricably bound to male sexual norms. Quite clearly, García Márquez demonstrates that female prostitution is driven by a lack of social safety nets, a lack of other economically viable options and also a distinct lack of educational opportunities for female economic independence, hence the flawed female agency. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)