abstract: The division of household tasks has been studied extensively over the past fifty years, but there are unanswered questions about why partners still report imbalances. In this study, I employed a grounded theory research design to systematically collect and analyze data from newly cohabitating, dual-earner couples to generate theory. Three prominent theories (relative resources, time availability and gender ideology) served as the framework for this research. The purpose of this study was to expose the processes of meaning-making, interpretations and decision-making regarding divisions of housework and to determine if, and if so how, dissymmetry in household tasks are understood. My research questions addressed the meanings newly cohabitating couples ascribed to household tasks by and explored how they understand their allocation of these tasks. Eighteen in-depth interviews of six newly cohabitating couples were conducted. Results from the study highlight six major themes that contribute to couples’ meaning-making processes regarding housework performance: care, consistency, expectations, gender & upbringing, micromanagement, and task preference. These findings contribute to the broader body of housework literature by demonstrating how grounded theory methods may offer a unique approach to the examination of household task performance. Further, germination of the blended output theory of housework (B.O.T.H.) that emerged from this study could provide an opportunity to better understand changing family structures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication 2019

Previous research has shown that many couple relationships strive towards a moreequal relationship through negotiations within the household. However, this has beendictated when it comes to heterosexual relationships. The purpose of this study is to getan explanation of how male couples in relationships within a household navigate theirway through everyday life with an emphasis on household tasks and unpaid work. Thedata in the study has been gathered through a qualitative research method where nineinterviews have been conducted, four of which were couple interviews and five weresingle interviews. Our empirical data are analyzed on the basis of the theoreticalframework and concepts that we present in this study and should clarify howhomosexual men do or deviate from doing gender, with an emphasis on negotiationwithin the household. A definition of the concepts of sex and gender is made to clarify the differencebetween them. The theories used in this study are thoroughly explained in the studyand are as follows: Gender roles, gender-creating theory (doing gender theory), gendercontracts and gender order. Based on our interviewees, we can conclude that the vastmajority of homosexual men who was interviewed had conducted a formal negotiationwhether the negotiation took place before the relationship began or at the beginning.The majority of our interviewees also made gender by imitating the heterosexual scriptand creating categorization of male and female tasks to make the division morerecognizable and socially ingrained.

This study examines relationships between the division of housework and childcare and marital love and conflict and perceived fairness as a mediator of those relationships. Gender role ideology is also examined as a moderator of the relationships between the division of labor predictors and perceived fairness. To this end 112 working-class, dual-earner couples having their first child were interviewed at three time points during the first year of parenthood after mothers returned to work. Findings indicate that wives’ reported greater marital love when their husbands performed more housework and more childcare, with fairness as a mediator of those relations. Husbands’ greater participation in both housework and childcare was directly related to their reports of marital love. For marital conflict, wives reported less conflict when husbands performed more childcare with perceived fairness as a mediator. Husbands reported less conflict when they performed a greater proportion of housework, with wives’ perceived fairness as a mediator. The division of childcare and perceived fairness were more strongly related for wives with egalitarian gender role ideology than for more traditional wives.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the gendered housework division in Greece based on research questions about participation by gender, chore types, and factors like age, education, and employment's influence, as well as uncovering related dynamics and trends. A quantitative analysis is employed using Greece's single time use survey conducted in 2013, which reveals substantial gender inequalities in housework division. Women dedicate nearly three times more than men daily to housework, even when employed in paid jobs. Age-wise, the gender gap persists, increasing with age. Core household tasks such as cooking, house cleaning, and laundry are dominated by women, while men spend more time on activities like gardening and repairs. Comparisons with European data highlight similar trends. A need for new surveys and gender norms exploration for policy change is evident.

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No description available.

This thesis contributes to two completely unrelated debates in the economic literature, similar only in the relatively high degree of controversy characterizing each one. The first part is methodological and macroeconomic in nature, addressing the question of whether the distribution of income across countries is converging (i.e. are the poor catching up to the rich?) or diverging (i.e. are we witnessing the formation of two exclusive clubs, one for poor countries and another one for rich countries?). Applications of the simple Markov model to this question have generated evidence in favor of the divergence hypothesis. In the first chapter, I critically review these results. I use statistical inference to show that the divergence results are not statistically robust, and I explain that this instability of the results comes from the application of a model for discrete data to data that is actually continuous. In the second chapter, I reposition the whole convergence-divergence debate by placing it in the context of Silverman’s classic survey of non-parametric density estimation techniques. This allows me to use the basic notions of fuzzy logic to adapt the simple Markov chain model to continuous data. When I apply the newly adapted Markov chain model to the cross-country distribution question, I find evidence against the divergence hypothesis, and this evidence is statistically robust. The second part of the thesis is empirical and microeconomic in nature. I question whether observed differences between husbands’ and wives’ participation in labor markets are due to different preferences or to different constraints. My identification strategy is based on the idea that the more power an individual has relative to his/her partner, the more his/her actions will reflect his/her preferences. I use 2001 PSID data on cohabiting couples to estimate a simultaneous equations model of the spousal time allocation decision. My results confirm the stylized fact that specialization and trade does not explain time allocation for couples in which the wife is the primary breadwinner, and suggest that power could provide a more general explanation of the observations. My results show that wives with relatively more power choose to work more on the labor market and less at home, whereas husbands with more power choose to do the opposite. Since women start out from a lower level of labor market participation than men do, it would seem that spouses’ agree that the ideal mix of market work and housework lies somewhere between the husbands’ and the wives’ current positions.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-05T18:07:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Claudia de Oliveira Carvalho Queiroz.pdf: 1225677 bytes, checksum: cf303796a8de0ee1b36bc099eb3cbe6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T18:07:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Claudia de Oliveira Carvalho Queiroz.pdf: 1225677 bytes, checksum: cf303796a8de0ee1b36bc099eb3cbe6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-13 / Capes / The migration of women and girls is a social phenomenon that has occurred on the border between Brazil and Guyana. It deserves scholarly attention because it is a vulnerable social group and susceptible to various kinds of violence, particularly child labor, sexual exploitation, human trafficking and human rights violations. The immigrants are subjected to unskilled work as maids and nannies, with long working hours and no labor rights. As immigrants, they enter Brazil irregularly and does not have legal documentation. Given this situation, this dissertation aims to analyze the daily mobility of women in Guyanese Brazil-Guyana border, in particular for the city of Boa Vista, the capital of Roraima, for domestic labor purposes in homes such brazilians women. For it uses theoretical perspectives female and migrations of International Relations in analyzing the data collected through field research, consulting sites, official agencies and expert sources on the subject, as well as literature. Wanted also identify the catalytic role of social networks formed between Guyanese immigrants to the growth of social phenomenon. Finally, it is a critical analysis of the integration of Guyanese women in the labor market and Roraima society, noting that the violation of rights is a daily routine and that there is need for public policies for this social group for the conquest of autonomy and social and economic emancipation. / A migração de mulheres é um fenômeno social que vem ocorrendo na fronteira entre Brasil e Guiana. Merece a atenção acadêmica por se tratar de um grupo social vulnerável e suscetível a vários tipos de violência, em particular trabalho quase escravo, exploração sexual, tráfico de seres humanos e violações dos direitos humanos. As imigrantes são submetidas a trabalhos não qualificados, como empregadas domésticas e babás, com extensa carga horária de trabalho e sem direitos trabalhistas. Elas entram no Brasil de forma irregular, não possuindo documentação legal. Diante desse quadro, esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a mobilidade cotidiana de mulheres guianenses na fronteira Brasil-Guiana, em particular para a cidade de Boa Vista (RR), para fins de trabalho doméstico em casas brasileiras. Para tal, utiliza-se perspectivas teóricas do gênero feminino e de migrações das Relações Internacionais na análise dos dados coletados por meio de pesquisa in loco, consulta a sites, órgãos oficiais e fontes especializadas relativos à temática, além de pesquisa bibliográfica. Procura-se, ainda, identificar o papel catalisador das redes sociais, formadas entre as imigrantes guianenses, para o crescimento do fenômeno social em questão. Por último, faz-se uma análise crítica da inserção das mulheres guianenses no mercado laboral e na sociedade roraimense, constatando-se que a violação de direitos é uma rotina diária e que há necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas para esse grupo social, para a conquista da autonomia e emancipação social e econômica.

The present thesis focuses on causes and consequences of paid working hours and housework hours among women and men in Sweden and Europe. It consists of four studies. Study I investigates changes in the division of housework in Swedish couples when they become parents. The study shows that women adjust their housework hours to the number and age of children in the household, whereas men do not. Longer parental leave periods among fathers have the potential to counteract this change towards a more traditional division of housework. Study II explores the associations between psychological distress and paid working hours, housework hours and total role time in Sweden. The results suggest that women’s psychological distress decreases with increasing paid working hours and housework hours, but that a long total role time is associated with high levels of distress. The gender difference in time spent on housework accounts for 40 per cent of the gender difference in psychological distress. Study III asks whether hours spent on paid work and housework account for the European gender difference in well-being, and whether the associations between well-being and hours of paid work and housework is influenced by gender attitudes and social comparison. The results indicate that gender differences in time spent on paid work and housework account for a third of the gender difference in well-being. Gender attitudes and social comparison do not to any great extent influence the associations between well-being and paid work and housework, respectively. Study IV examines possible differences between European family policy models in the associations between well-being and hours of paid work and housework. Some model differences are found, and they are accounted for by experiences of work-family conflict among men, but not among women. For both women and men, work-family conflict appears to suppress positive aspects of paid working hours.