A atuação do Estado brasileiro na questão habitacional ocorreu de maneira diversa, seja na regulação, no fomento, ou ainda na produção direta de moradias que, neste caso, tem como resultado formal de destaque os conjuntos habitacionais. Construídos em diferentes momentos históricos, eles ganham significância com a atuação do Banco Nacional da Habitação e do sistema financeiro a ele vinculado, quando são construídos, justamente no período de mais intensa urbanização da história do Brasil, inúmeros e imensos conjuntos habitacionais nas periferias urbanas. Por vezes compreendendo bairros inteiros, os conjuntos habitacionais diretamente se relacionam à maneira como se deu o processo de desenvolvimento urbano e crescimento territorial, processo este que, mesmo apresentando variantes, continua presente nas grandes cidades brasileiras, como é o caso de Fortaleza. Esta cidade é, então, tomada como objeto de estudo empírico para a realização desta pesquisa de mestrado que tem por objetivo analisar a produção de habitação social no seu espaço urbano metropolitano, através da identificação de mudanças e permanências que caracterizam tal processo, advindas de práticas e políticas distintas de provisão de moradia, tanto na forma como no tempo. Mesmo que se tratando de um contexto urbano específico, pretendeu-se tomar um caso paradigmático como o de Fortaleza para compreender como se processam estas mudanças e permanências e, posteriormente, contrastá-la com os processos atuais de produção de habitação social. Com caráter notadamente empírico, a análise da produção habitacional aqui realizada objetiva, enfim, identificar e discutir alguns dos elementos que caracterizam a dinâmica das políticas de moradia popular, da arquitetura das unidades habitacionais e dos espaços que os conjuntos habitacionais configuram. / The performance of the Brazilian government regarding the social housing issue took place in different ways, either in regulating, enhancing, or directly building social housing. In this case, it should be highlighted as an important result the housing estates produced thorough different historical periods, but that has gained significance with the performance of the National Housing Bank. Through the BNH and the financial system linked to it, the construction of several and huge housing estates located in urban peripheries has started, precisely during the most intense Brazilian urbanization period, and sometimes including entire neighborhoods and which directly relate to how was the process of urban development and territorial growth. That process, although presenting variants, it is still present in large Brazilian cities such as Fortaleza. This city is therefore taken as an object for the empirical analysis carried out thorough this research that aims to analyze the production of social housing in the urban metropolitan space of Fortaleza city, by identifying changes and continuities that feature this process, from distinct practices and policies of social housing provision, both in shape and in time. Even though dealing with a specific urban context, it is intended to take the paradigmatic case of Fortaleza to understand the dynamics of these changes and continuities and then contrast them with the current processes of social housing production. Focusing especially in an empirical analysis of social housing production, the study here presented aims to identify and discuss some of the elements that characterize changes and continuities of social housing policies, design and spaces.

A presente pesquisa tem como objeto a transformação das \"ZEIS de vazios\" de São Paulo, assim denominadas as áreas demarcadas como estoque fundiário para produção de Habitação de Interesse Social. As ZEIS estudadas correspondem às ZEIS do tipo 2, 3 e 4 na legislação que vigorou no período de 2002 a 2014 em São Paulo, aprovadas no Plano Diretor Estratégico de 2002 e na Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo de 2004. Interessa compreender as transformações ocorridas nesses territórios, como forma de avaliar em que medida as ZEIS cumpriram seus objetivos com relação à produção habitacional. A pesquisa foi baseada no levantamento de toda a produção habitacional realizada nesses perímetros, implicando o exame e a coleta de informações de cada perímetro de ZEIS. As informações a respeito dos empreendimentos foram complementadas através de dados de aprovação, além dados de portais oficiais e pesquisas acadêmicas no caso da produção pública, e de dados de lançamentos imobiliários no caso da iniciativa privada. Do ponto de vista da produção pública, percebe-se que além de áreas que foram demarcadas já em posse do poder público, houve uma adesão das ZEIS na realização de empreendimentos e nas políticas de aquisição de terras para provisão habitacional. Já os empreendimentos da iniciativa privada foram impulsionados principalmente a partir de 2009, com a ampliação das condições de financiamento imobiliário possibilitada pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. Ainda que levada em conta uma distorção nos conceitos de Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) e Habitação de Mercado Popular (HMP) definidos pela lei, decorrente do aumento real do salário mínimo, que acabaram por ampliar as faixas salariais de atendimento habitacional, o estudo realizado permitiu verificar que por vezes houve impacto das ZEIS nos produtos imobiliários oferecidos em determinada região, agindo no sentido de proporcionar soluções de HIS voltadas a uma classe média-baixa que não seria contemplada pela tendência de mercado na região. Em uma cidade como São Paulo, onde os preços de terras e imóveis são elevados, os efeitos dos instrumentos que interferem na produção imobiliária são um tema relevante. No contexto do novo PDE de 2014, os resultados encontrados no presente trabalho abrem possibilidades no tocante a aperfeiçoamentos necessários para novos empreendimentos. Além disso, o trabalho corrobora com a percepção de que as ZEIS, enquanto porções reduzidas do território, dificilmente bastarão em si para fazer frente às necessidades habitacionais do município, sendo necessário um leque mais amplo de abordagens com outros mecanismos de fomento à HIS. / Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS) are a planning tool created in Brazil in the 1980\'s. They consist in a special category of zoning demarcated on vacant or underutilized properties, setting up a land bank for social housing promotion (\"ZEIS of vacant land\"). The City Master Plan of 2002 and the Zoning Code in 2004 first established ZEIS in São Paulo. The purpose of this research is to study ZEIS of vacant land in São Paulo from 2002 to 2014 and identify the extent to which the ZEIS have fulfilled their objectives regarding to housing production. The method involved an extensive survey on all the housing developments built within ZEIS perimeters, implying the examination and data-collection of each perimeter of ZEIS. The information about the housing projects involved data from building permits, official reports and academic works in the case of the public production, and data of real estate developments in the case of the private initiative. In terms of public housing production, many areas were already public before the ZEIS demarcation, nevertheless public housing companies considered other areas in ZEIS in their land acquisition policies. Federal housing funding through the Program Minha Casa Minha Vida provided additional leverage to the potential of ZEIS developed by private real estate companies. Within the study, it was possible to identify that ZEIS interfered in the real estate offers in some areas, working as to provide social housing solutions to a middle-low class that otherwise would not be target market for the area. In a city like São Paulo where land and real estate prices are high, the effects of planning tools that interfere in real estate production are a matter of interest. In a context of the new Master Plan of 2014, the results found in the present work open up possibilities for the recommended improvements for new ventures. In addition, this work confirms the perception that ZEIS themselves, as a small portion of the territory, will hardly be sufficient to tackle the city housing shortage, pointing out to the need of a broader range of approach along with other social housing development mechanisms.

Submitted by MARIANA FRANZOLIN VALERA (mariana_valera@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-18T07:52:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO MARIANA F. VALERA.pdf: 15710384 bytes, checksum: 73f36f33ee2226b0e3d4f6cc5f913247 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-01-18T13:14:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 valera_mf_me_mar.pdf: 15710384 bytes, checksum: 73f36f33ee2226b0e3d4f6cc5f913247 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-18T13:14:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 valera_mf_me_mar.pdf: 15710384 bytes, checksum: 73f36f33ee2226b0e3d4f6cc5f913247 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação analisou o processo de implantação do Conjunto Habitacional São Bento, na periferia da Zona Sul da cidade de Marília-SP. Para realizar este estudo, foi necessário compreender o processo de ocupação do solo urbano desde a fundação da cidade, suas características mais importantes, bem como entender o processo de periferização da cidade, sobretudo, a expansão da Zona Sul, desde meados dos anos 1980. A análise percorreu o debate da área de sociologia urbana no que diz respeito aos efeitos perversos das políticas habitacionais no Brasil que, ao produzirem o espaço urbano, também constituem espaços de segregação, tão bem definidos pela ideia de enclave fortificado de Caldeira (2000). Além disso, a pesquisa demonstrou que as políticas habitacionais na cidade de Marília reforçam o processo de segregação urbana da cidade e são fortemente baseadas no populismo político e no privilégio dado aos interesses dos empresários da construção civil, ignorando, assim, as necessidades por habitação da população da cidade. / The present dissertation have analyzed the implementation process of São Bento Housing Set, in the outskirts of the South Zone of Marilia city, in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. To carry out this study, it was necessary to understand the process of urban land occupation since the foundation of the city, it's most important characteristics, as well as to understand the process of peripherization of the city, especially the expansion of the South Zone, since the mid 80s. The analysis covered the urban sociology debate with regard to the perverse effects of housing policies in Brazil, which as the cities grows, the segregations spaces grow as well, perfectly defined by the idea of a fortified enclave of Caldeira (2000). In addition, research has shown that housing policies in Marilia city reinforce the urban segregation process of the city and are strongly based on political populism and privileges that the construction business owners have, thus ignoring the housing needs of the city's population.

Submitted by Zulaiê Loncarcci Breviglieri (zubreviglieri@gmail.com) on 2018-11-13T00:49:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - ZULAIE - PPG DIREITO UNESP (1).pdf: 1492356 bytes, checksum: 05873851c7987ebf0c2f198cab3c4ab1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jacqueline de Almeida null (jacquie@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-11-13T18:21:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Breviglieri, ZL_me_fran.pdf: 1492356 bytes, checksum: 05873851c7987ebf0c2f198cab3c4ab1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-13T18:21:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Breviglieri, ZL_me_fran.pdf: 1492356 bytes, checksum: 05873851c7987ebf0c2f198cab3c4ab1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-08 / O trabalho lança um olhar sobre o paradigma dominante delineado na história recente do Brasil acerca da política habitacional, ao mesmo tempo em que recupera a trajetória de lutas sociais por uma maior participação popular na gestão dessas políticas e do protagonismo dos moradores. Apresenta um panorama sobre a base normativa do direito à moradia, passando pelo direito internacional e brasileiro, discutindo o seu caráter fundamental e o conceito de moradia adequada, e passa-se a discutir a política habitacional no Brasil, realizando um aporte teórico sobre o tema e demonstrando as opções da atuação estatal na história recente, adotando-se como paradigma o modelo do Bando Nacional de Habitação (BNH), num estudo sobre o perfil majoritário de seus programas e dos seus programas alternativos. Discute a mobilização da sociedade civil organizada e ascensão dos sujeitos coletivos como agentes de provimento habitacional, e o despontar da questão da participação popular neste modelo de política pública. Aprofunda os fundamentos de atuação dos grupos organizados da sociedade civil por moradia e o tema da autogestão como estratégia de atuação e organização, trazendo a experiência pioneira do Uruguai e seu Sistema Cooperativo Uruguaio, tendo a autogestão como principio norteador e no qual os movimentos sociais brasileiros se basearam quanto a sua forma de organização e prática, demonstrando a caminhada de lutas e as conquistas normativas encampadas pelos movimentos sociais brasileiros por moradia. Analisa os aspectos legislativos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida – Entidades e a entrada da pauta da autogestão e do protagonismo dos movimentos populares naquele modelo de política pública, analisando a sua eficácia e a qualidade da participação popular por ele conferida, por meio da análise indireta de dados estatísticos, passando por uma análise quantitativa e qualidade das moradias e da efetiva participação popular nos seus processos de construção. / This paper looks at the dominant paradigm outlined in Brazil 's recent history of housing policy, while at the same time recovering the path of social struggles for greater popular participation in the management of these policies and the protagonism of the residents. It presents a panorama on the normative basis of the right to housing, including international and Brazilian law, discussing its fundamental character and the concept of adequate housing, and discusses the housing policy in Brazil, making a theoretical contribution on the subject and demonstrating the options of state action in recent history, adopting as paradigm the model of the National Housing Bank (BNH), in a study on the majoritarian profile of its programs and alternative programs. It discusses the mobilization of organized civil society and the rise of collective subjects as agents of housing provision, and the emergence of the issue of popular participation in this model of public policy. It expands on the foundations of action of organized civil society groups for housing and the theme of self-management as a strategy for action and organization, bringing the pioneering experience of Uruguay and its Uruguayan Cooperative System, with self-management as the guiding principle and in which Brazilian social movements were based on their form of organization and practice, demonstrating the path of struggles and normative conquests faced by Brazilian social movements for housing. It analyzes the legislative aspects of the My House My Life Program - Entities and the entry of the agenda of self-management and the protagonism of popular movements in that model of public policy, analyzing its effectiveness and the quality of popular participation conferred by it, through indirect analysis of statistical data, passing through a quantitative analysis and quality of the dwellings and of the effective popular participation in its construction processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1193110 bytes, checksum: b4fd948d1e979ff40b11f4c4923d0a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis covers the need to accomplish the fundamental right to property. Therefore, its main goal consists on the role of the State, as the agent responsible for the implementation of the project development by the Federal Constitution of 1988, under which it is contemplated the right to property; task to be undertaken through the implementation of public policies. To achieve its objectives, the method of deductive approach will be used, as well as the analytical, historical and interpretive methods, throughout bibliographic and documental researches. This work will examine the relationship between the should be normative and the social and political be , checking the determinant reasons for the lack of constitutional norms implementation, which enshrine the social rights and establishes the need for positive, constant and progressive state action to achieve these rights . It will also be equally addressed, the national and international legal framework of the right to property , as well as policy instruments established under the Brazilian Law for the materialization of this right. To sum it up, the Brazilian housing policies will be faced and developed by the Brazilian State, focusing on its positive and negative aspects, in order to analyze the exclusion reasons of the low-income beneficiaries from the spectrum of the State actions, based on the necessary assumptions to meet the housing deficit in this population layer. / A presente dissertação gravita em torno da necessidade de concretização do direito fundamental à moradia. Seu objetivo geral consiste na delimitação do papel do Estado como agente responsável pela concretização do projeto desenvolvimentista previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988, em cujo âmbito está contemplado o direito à moradia, tarefa a ser empreendida por intermédio da execução de políticas públicas. Para alcançar seu objetivo, será utilizado o método de abordagem dedutivo, bem assim os métodos analíticos, histórico e interpretativo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O trabalho analisará a relação existente entre o dever-ser normativo e o ser social e político, averiguando os motivos determinantes da ausência de concretização das normas constitucionais que consagram direitos sociais e estabelecendo a necessidade de atuação positiva, constante e progressiva do Estado para a concretização de tais direitos. Será abordado, igualmente, o quadro normativo nacional e internacional do direito à moradia, bem como estabelecidos os instrumentos políticos previstos na legislação brasileira para a materialização deste direito. Em conclusão, serão enfrentadas as políticas habitacionais desenvolvidas pelo Estado brasileiro, com ênfase nos seus aspectos negativos e positivos, em ordem a analisar os motivos da exclusão da população de baixa renda do espectro de beneficiários das atuações estatais, com base no que serão fixadas as premissas necessárias ao atendimento do déficit habitacional deste estrato populacional.

Since the early 1940s in Sweden, subsidies have been a recurring feature in housing politics. Throughout history, these have been used as a management measure to control the construction of housing and to promote the Swedish welfare state. The political parties are today disagreeing on how much responsibility the state should carry for citizens housing. To solve the conflict, the dwelling has to be defined. Is the dwelling to be considered a social right, like education and healthcare or is the dwelling to be considered a product for the free market, driven by supply and demand? The positive population growth in Stockholm has lead to an increased demand for dwellings. The supply of dwellings has not been growing at the same rate, which has implied higher housing prices and longer wait for rented apartments. All municipalities in Stockholm agrees that more dwellings must be established to counter this development. To make this happen, the source of why so few dwelling develops today must be identified. Do the developers not want to build or are they not being provided land allocations by the municipalities? Is it a combination of these or are there other difficulties in the system? Subsidies have previously been used as a tool to increase the construction of dwellings and it should therefore be examined if such a solution is relevant in order to remedy existing problems. In an attempt to predict the outcome of a re-introduction of subsidies, the impact of past government intervention should be studied. This to ascertain what type of construction that took place at that time. It is also important to identify the types of dwellings sought for in today's housing market in order to develop appropriate solutions. There are several different forms of subsidies that could lead to an increased construction volume. Subsidies of land, infrastructure and investment contributions are some of the options that could be implemented on the market to reduce the housing shortage. But which type of construction should be increased? What kind of tenure is the society short of? In order to create balance in the housing market there seems to be a need for all types of tenures to increase, but not everyone agree to this. The housing market where demand, however, always exceeds supply today is the rental market, especially in central Stockholm where the system of rent regulations has lead to a rent level kept below market rent. Today rented apartments are at disadvantage in the Swedish tax system, which has contributed to a lower construction rate of this type of tenure compared to others where the developers gets a quicker return on their investment. Rented apartments are necessary on the housing market because it creates flexibility and contributes to the choices available for the individuals. Some say that Stockholm as a city can not grow without this tenure for the simple reason that people can not get hold of a dwelling. These are issues that must be solved through housing politics, which means that the decisions and rules on the market can change direction every four years. Construction processes are long, often longer than four years. This creates an uncertainty for the stakeholders in the housing market. To generate a sustainable housing market long-term, an alternative solution could be joint agreements spanning political borders. A well-functioning housing market contributes not only to shelter but also promotes welfare and economic growth. It is therefore of great importance that the market participants are moving in the same direction. / Sedan början på 1940-talet har subventioner varit ett återkommande inslag i den svenska bostadspolitiken. Genom historien har dessa använts som ett bostadspolitiskt medel för att styra byggandet av bostäder och för att främja den svenska välfärdsstaten. De politiska blocken är idag oense om hur stort ansvar staten ska bära för medborgarnas bostadsförsörjning. För att lösa oenigheten bör bostaden först definieras. Är bostaden att anse som en social rättighet liksom skola och sjukvård eller är bostaden att anse som en marknadsvara som styrs av utbud och efterfrågan på en öppen marknad? På grund av en positiv befolkningstillväxt i Storstockholm så har efterfrågan på bostäder blivit större. Resultatet av detta är längre bostadsköer och höjda bostadspriser, vilket tyder på att utbudet inte växer i samma takt som efterfrågan. För att motverka denna utveckling är samtliga kommuner i Stockholms län överens om att bostadsbyggandet måste öka. För att detta ska kunna ske måste källan till varför det inte byggs mer idag identifieras. Vill byggherrarna inte bygga eller ger kommunerna inte ut markanvisningar? Är det en kombination av dessa eller föreligger det även andra hinder i systemet? Subventioner har tidigare använts som ett verktyg för att öka byggandet vid bostadsbrist och därför bör det undersökas om en sådan lösning skulle vara aktuell idag för att råda bot på dagens problem. I ett försök att förutse resultatet av ett återinförande av subventioner, bör konsekvenser av tidigare offentliga åtgärder studeras. Detta för att få kännedom om vilken typ av byggande som skedde vid det aktuella tillfället. Det är också av vikt att ta reda på vilka typer av bostäder som efterfrågas på dagens bostadsmarknad i syfte att ta fram lämpliga lösningar. Det finns flera olika former av subventioner som skulle kunna leda till ett ökat byggande. Subventioner av mark, infrastruktur och direkta byggsubventioner är några av de alternativ som skulle kunna implementeras på marknaden för att minska bostadsbristen. Men vilket byggande är det som ska öka? Vilken upplåtelseform är det som det är brist på? För att skapa balans på bostadsmarknaden synes utbudet av alla upplåtelseformer behöva öka, men det är inte alla överens om. Den bostadsmarknad där efterfrågan dock ständigt överstiger utbudet är idag hyresmarknaden, speciellt i Stockholms innerstad där bruksvärdessystemet lett till att hyresnivån hålls under marknadshyra. Hyresrätten är idag en skattemässigt missgynnad upplåtelseform, vilket har bidragit till att färre bostäder av denna form har byggts i jämförelse med andra typer av bostäder där byggherrarna snabbare får avkastning på sin investering. Hyresrätten är dock nödvändig på marknaden då den bland annat skapar ett flexibelt boende och bidrar till valmöjlighet för individen. Idag säger vissa att Stockholm inte kan växa utan hyresrätten. Detta av den enkla anledningen att människor inte kan få tag i ett boende vilket hindrar inflyttning. Detta är frågor som måste lösas via bostadspolitik, vilket innebär att besluten och reglerna på marknaden kan ändra riktning vart fjärde år. Då byggprocesser är långa, ofta längre än fyra år så skapar risken för politiska förändringar en osäkerhet för aktörer på bostadsmarknaden. För att frambringa en långsiktigt hållbar bostadsmarknad skulle en alternativ lösning kunna vara ett politiskt blocköverskridande samarbete. En väl fungerande bostadsmarknad bidrar inte bara till tak över huvudet utan också till att främja välfärden och den ekonomiska tillväxten. Det är därför av stor vikt att marknadens aktörer rör sig i samma riktning.

Segregation refers to the uneven spatial distribution of social groups over space. Segregation can be perceived as the spatial representation of social, cultural, and economic exclusion. There is no accepted standard way segregation is measured; instead, studies have used a wide range of methods, measurements, and indices to estimate levels of segregation. Existing studies are seldomly longitudinal in character, mostly because of lack of data, and have only been conducted until 2010 for Stockholm. The aim of this thesis is to investigate trends of residential poverty segregation in Stockholm County for the period 1991-2016. This study has utilized the isolation index, the dissimilarity index, percentile plots and location quotients on data aggregated to both administrative units and individualized neighborhoods on multiple scales to assess how these common techniques influence results. Results show that segregation patterns vary depending on technique, but most results indicate increasing levels of segregation of individuals at risk of poverty for the period 1991-2011, in line with previous research. On the other hand, the results indicate stagnating or decreasing levels of poverty segregation in recent years. Poverty segregation varies substantially by scale level, and therefore this thesis recommends multiscalar methods in segregation studies.

The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) emphasizes the word "community" for building economic development, citizen participations, and revitalization of facilities and services in urban and rural areas. Resident Councils are one way to develop and build community among residents of public housing. This is a study of a resident council's role of community building. Despite HUD stressing community building in public housing and investing money and policies around it, there are some resident councils that are not fulfilling the expectations of HUD. The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the disjunctions between HUD's expectations for the resident council as an active agent for community building and the actual practices of the resident council. This research shows seven disjunctions stand in the way of the desired relationship between the resident council and the HUD officials: (1) emphasis on children, (2) leadership of the council, (3) perception that the resident council members are "snitches," (4) responsibilities of the resident council and HUD officials, (5) manager/managerial styles, (6) meeting dynamic, and (7) HUD structure and priorities. Focusing on the Rivertown Resident Council and building on a two year ethnographic case study of the council, I use a conceptual framework that combines critical race theory with a Scholar Activist Methodology to understand how housing policies, race, class, and the lived experiences of the resident council are apart of the disjunctions between the Rivertown Resident Council and HUD officials and what task can be taken to eliminate those disjunctions. / Ph. D.

Inclusion of home ownership in national housing policy indicates that home ownership should be available to everyone. National housing policy is assumed by the author to be contained in the Housing Act of 1949: a decent home and suitable living environment for all Americans. Findings are that preferential treatment of homeowners embodied in the U.S. tax and financial structure conflicts with restrictive monetary policy and with a full employment fiscal policy. Home ownership does not meet the needs of contemporary lifestyles or of low income families. Fiscal zoning restricts access to housing for low income families. The conclusion of this thesis is that home ownership is not available to all Americans under the present federal housing programs, and therefore should not be included in national housing policy.

Depuis l'Acte I de la décentralisation, au début des années 1980, l'Etat a progressivement territorialisé les politiques du logement. Ce lent processus de territorialisation a abouti à un système d'action publique complexe dans le champ de l'habitat, où s'enchevêtrent les compétences de chacun des échelons publics. Au sein de cet éclatement de la responsabilité publique dans le domaine du logement, l'échelon intercommunal (soit les Etablissements de coopération intercommunale-EPCI) s'est vu confier par le législateur le rôle de "chef de file" des politiques de l'habitat sur les scènes locales du logement. La thèse se propose d'analyser le processus d'apprentissage à l'oeuvre dans l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre de ces politiques locales de l'habitat, au sein d'un contexte d'incertitude généralisée qui caractérise aujourd'hui l'action publique en général, et l'action urbaine en particulier. Elle s'appuie sur un travail empirique mené au sein de deux configurations locales bénéficiant d'une ancienneté dans leur pratique de la coopération intercommunale, et d'une certaine maturité dans la prise en charge des questions d'habitat par l'action locale : les agglomérations de Lyon et de Dunkerque. La thèse interroge d'abord le rôle de l'Etat dans son apprentissage des nouvelles responsabilités des EPCI. Elle montre notamment que cet apprentissage est source d'incertitudes pour les acteurs intercommunaux, l'Etat étant plus souvent perçu comme un perturbateur qu'un facilitateur. Elle décrit également la fragilisation des services déconcentrés de l'Etat qui semble s'opérer dans le champ de l'habitat. La thèse s'intéresse ensuite à l'apprentissage des EPCI et notamment aux ressources dont les intercommunalités disposent pour élaborer et mettre en oeuvre leurs politiques locales de l'habitat, ainsi qu'aux moyens qu'elles mobilisent pour contourner le déficit coercitif de ces ressources (pédagogie, technicisation, contractualisation). Enfin, elle revient sur les avancées et les limites de ce double processus d'apprentissage. Elle montre que les notions de temps et de confiance sont au coeur des processus observés et propose des pistes de réflexions / In France, since Act 1 of the transfer of power from the government to local authorities ("Décentralization") in the early 1980s, the State has gradually territorialized its housing policies. This slow process ultimately resulted in a complex network of public actions within the housing field, where the competencies of the different ruling bodies often overlap. Within this patchwork of responsabilities, metropolitan authorities ("Etablissement de coopération intercommunale- EPCI") have been appointed by lawmakers as the leading entity to implement the housing policy on a local scale. This research attempts to analyze the learning mechanisms at work in the design and the implementation oh housing policies on a local basis, in the context of uncertainty that characterizes public action in general, especially in the urban field. It draws on an empirical study of two local areas, accustomed to metropolitan cooperation, and experienced in dealing with housing issues on a local basis : greater Lyon and greater Dunkerque. This study first takles the role of the State in its understanding of the new responsabilities granted to the EPCI. It especially shows that this process can be a source of confusion for the local authorities, as the State can often be more destabilizing than hepful. It also shows the on-going weakening state of local government services. Then, the study deals with the learning mechanism of the EPCI, and notably the ressources available to design and implement their local housing policies, as well as their capabilities to by-pass the lack of coercition of these resources (education, technicization, contractualization). Lastly, it deals with the advantages and the limits of this dual learning process. Is shows that the issues of time and trust are essential, and makes suggestions for future research