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Denna studie avser att undersöka hur informationsgrafik kan användas i ett informationsmaterial för att uppmärksamma personer i samhället om vikten av att färdas klimatsmart.Till år 2030 ska städernas negativa miljöpåverkan minskat per person i Sverige. Att resa kollektivt är ett sätt att delta i arbetet mot minskningen av koldioxidutsläppen. För att öka takten mot renare städer behöver fler personer i samhället informeras om hur deras individuella påverkan på miljön ser ut och vad man kan göra för att förbättra den. Målet med detta arbete är att utforma ett bildmaterial som kan användas för att informera målgruppen, 31–44 åringar, om hur busstrafiken kan bidra i arbetet mot de uppsatta klimatmålen. I studien undersöktes målgruppens ställning och synpunkter på datavisualiseringar baserat på mängd dekoration och vad som tilltalar samt engagerar dem i en informationsgrafik. Arbetet grundades på teori och metodiska undersökningar för hur man med informativ illustration kan skapa ett informationsmaterial. Detta undersöktes genom en kombination av enkät, intervju och prototypande. Den samlade empirin påvisade att målgruppen engageras och tilltalas mer av datavisualiseringar och informationsmaterial med mer dekorativa element. Användandet av färg, typsnitt, layout och illustration på ett sätt målgruppen upplevde som estetiskt tilltalande visade en god inställning till informationsmaterialet. Ett estetiskt tilltalande informationsmaterial uppmuntrade målgruppen till att utforska materialet djupare. Resultatet av den samlade empirin och faktan tog form av en affisch, ämnad för visning i stadscentrum, som kommunicerar busstrafikens inverkan på miljön genom datavisualisering, text och illustration.

Instructional design is commonly referred to as the systematic process of creating consistent and reliable learning experiences (Branch & Merrill, 2011). Built on a foundation of learning theory and instructional design theory, instructional design relies heavily on various process models to guide design practice (Stefaniak & Xu, 2020) and to manage and communicate the process of design (Branch & Dousay, 2015). Despite their use, scholars argue that these models do not accurately represent instructional design practice (Bichelmeyer et al., 2006; Rowland, 1992; Smith & Boling, 2009; Visscher-Voerman & Gustafson, 2004; Wedman & Tessmer, 1993) and remain too focused on high-level processes rather than discrete methods and actions (Gibbons et al., 2014). In recent years, human-centered design (HCD) methods have emerged within instructional design practice, providing more methodological guidance for instructional designers within an empathetic design perspective (Stefaniak & Xu, 2020). HCD includes codesign practices (Steen, 2012)that seek to involve users directly throughout the design process. The current study explores the design experiences of 12 participant designers (e.g., teachers, digital coaches) who were purposely selected to engage in a seven-week codesign experience. Tasked with providing direction on resources designed to support K-12 teachers with online and hybrid teaching, these participant designers worked together to share previous teaching experiences, analyze teacher data, and identify and develop learning prototypes. Interviews with eight participant designers following the codesign experience revealed that participants viewed the project as open and ill-defined, lacking in a clear outcome and identified roles and responsibilities. As the codesign continued, participants described impactful moments that clarified the design project and shifted the design process to a focus on details. While the end product of design was described by participants generally, participants viewed their experiences and perspectives as their major contributions to the design process. Results from this investigation reveal important implications for design practice, education, and research.

The post-donation process has long lacked attention, and the majority of users experience little to no personal updates after donating. Studies regarding the subject often tend to focus on attracting donors and keeping them interested in the charity, but rarely does it seem like the researchers study possible solutions for the post-donation process. This thesis aims to do that and investigate how an alternative to the process can be presented. Additionally, the aim is to explore if it is possible for a community feeling to arise when using the prototype and if the sharing aspect affects the perception of being part of a community. The thesis was split up into several different phases based on a human-centered design method called the Double Diamond. In the beginning, a literature study and qualitative interviews were executed to understand the problem area further. These interviews brought forward intriguing aspects, such as that users enjoy seeing others sharing donation information but avoid doing so themselves. The project continued with brainstorming to bring forward ideas. These ideas were then visualized in prototypes, iterated, and tested with the help of users and usability experts. Finally, after four iterations, a concluding design proposal was presented, which envisioned an alternative to a donation process. From the usability tests, users expressed an appreciation for the prototype and that the concept delivered a new aspect to donating. The users also stated that some elements in the prototype conveyed a sense of community. These elements were primarily the ability to participate in donation groups and the comment sections within posts and groups. Regarding the sharing aspect, the users mentioned that if the alternatives to interact and share thoughts with other users were removed, the community feeling would decline. Therefore, it was concluded that sharing affects the perceived sense of a community and that a community feeling can be present in a donation service. A disclaimer is that these conclusions are made within the study and apply to the users participating, and it is not certain that they can be applied to others. / Processen efter en donation har länge saknat uppmärksamhet, och majoriteten av dem som donerar erhåller få till inga personliga uppdateringar efteråt. Studier om ämnet i sig tenderar ofta att fokusera på att fånga nya donatorer och att bibehålla deras intresse av välgörenhetsorganisationen, men sällan verkar det som att forskarna studerar möjliga förbättringar för processen efter en donation. Det här examensarbetet ämnar till att utforska processen och undersöker hur ett alternativ kan presenteras. Dessutom syftar arbetet till att undersöka om det är möjligt för en känsla av gemenskap att uppstå när prototypen används och om en delningsaspekt kommer påverka denna känsla. Projektet delades up i ett flertal olika faser baserat på en metod vid namn Double Diamond som kan nyttjas när det är användaren som befinner sig i fokus. Till en början utfördes en litteraturstudie tillsammans med kvalitativa intervjuer för att skapa en förståelse för ämnet. Dessa intervjuer förde med sig intressanta insikter såsom att användare uppskattar när andra delar donationsinformation på sociala medier, men att de själva drar sig för att utföra samma sak. Arbetet fortsatte med en brainstormingssession med syftet att få fram många olika idéer. Idéerna blev sedan visualiserade i prototyper som itererades och testades med hjälp av användare och användbarhetsexperter. Efter fyra iterationer presenterades ett slutgiltigt designförslag som åskådliggjorde ett alternativ till donationsprocessen. Under testerna uttryckte användarna en uppskattning för prototypen och det nämndes att konceptet levererade en ny synvinkel till en donationstjänst. Användarna yttrade även att ett par av elementen inom prototypen förmedlade en känsla av gemenskap. Dessa element var främst möjligheten att delta i donationsgrupper och kommentarssektionerna inom inlägg och grupper. Angående delningsaspekten så nämnde användarna att om möjligheterna till interaktion med övriga användare försvann så skulle gemenskapskänslan minska. En slutsats blev därmed att delning troligen påverkar gemenskapen och att en känsla av en gemenskap kan uppstå i en donationstjänst. En begränsning kopplad till slutsatserna är däremot att de utgår från studiens deltagare och det kan därmed inte bekräftas att resultaten är representiva för alla användare.

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Non-communicable disease (NCD) rates, like diabetes, in Fiji are among the highest globally. Given that poor nutrition behaviours increase one’s risk for developing NCDs later in life, it is critical to address this early on.  However, there is limited evidence on drivers of nutrition behaviours among indigenous iTaukei university students in Fiji nor how to best engage them in nutrition programming.  The study, informed by the Behavioural Drivers Model and Human Centered Design, uses a qualitative approach to identify behavioural drivers relevant to nutrition among iTaukei university students attending two universities in Suva, Fiji’s capital city. The research also engages student participants to identify ideas for interventions that they would be interested in taking forward.   Findings of the study uncover the complexity of behaviour and highlight the psychological, sociological and environmental drivers that are critical behavioural determinants of students’ diets. Research participants propose innovative ideas to shape nutrition programming and ensure they are active participants in the process.

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OBJECTIVE: Immigrants to the United States represent a variety of ethnocultural backgrounds, experiences, and languages. They face stressors unique to migration that may exacerbate or cause mental health concerns. Despite this increased risk, immigrants access treatment at rates far below their native-borne counterparts. Structural and cultural barriers to mental health service utilization expound this disparity. The present thesis proposes a novel system to provide psychosocial support for US immigrants seeking treatment at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).  METHODS: Recognizing the need for a new paradigm of care, an Immigrant Mental Health Center prototype was conceptualized using a Human-Centered Design approach. The foundations for this prototype align with the Patient-Centered Medical Home approach to integrated primary and mental healthcare. Narrative reviews informed the theoretical basis of the prototype. A brief review of the existing literature yielded five integrated care themes, forming the basis for prototype evaluation criteria. Communication materials for stakeholder meetings and expert advisory panels were prepared as the next step in the Human-Centered Design approach.  RESULTS: The prototype extended care to a diverse spectrum of US immigrants within the MGH healthcare network. It involved a multidisciplinary team of specialists, whole-patient orientation, a personal practitioner, increased accessibility, and viable internal (MGH) and external (community) linkages.  CONCLUSIONS: The next steps in the Human-Centered Design approach include iteratively designing solutions to co-optimize the prototype for implementation at the MGH Center for Immigrant Health. Recommendations for the iterative refinement stage include clarifying financial metrics and addressing structural barriers to treatment accessibility. A series of feasibility pilot trials and efficacy randomized-controlled trials precede implementation. Future directions include extending the target population to second or third-generation immigrants, attending to severe mental illnesses, and fostering inpatient mental healthcare linkages as a bridge to long-term care.

This master’s thesis aims to explore the potential of visual communication as a powerful tool for promoting change and impact in Namibia with a focus on sustainable agriculture and food security. The study analyzes how graphic design and visual communication may effectively explain best practices for sustainable farming and inspire young adults in rural communities to engage with agriculture through empirical research. The study employs a Research Through Design (RtD) methodology to answer the following question: How can design help vulnerable communities and promote long-term food security solutions in Namibia through subsistence farming or agriculture?  The study’s findings highlight the importance of design in promoting sustainable agriculture by raising awareness, empowering communities, and advocacy for policy changes. Through its innate ability to attract and captivate audiences, visual communication may successfully distribute information about sustainable farming techniques and highlight their benefits. This thesis demonstrates how appealing visual narratives may stimulate young people’s curiosity, build passion and inspire them to learn and embrace sustainable agricultural methods.  The conclusion of this thesis suggests key recommendations for improving disadvantaged group’s access to resources and training. Land reform policies that favor small-scale farmers and support their subsistence farming efforts which are critical for guaranteeing food security. Furthermore, resolving water scarcity and boosting access to irrigation systems are critical considerations for Namibia’s sustainable agricultural practices to empower disadvantaged groups and encourage positive change. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>