Em geral, indivíduos com disfunções motoras nos membros superiores apresentam dificuldades para executar a movimentação de objetos, a qual é essencial para a execução das atividades de vida diária. Dessa forma, esses indivíduos não a executam ou a fazem de maneira ineficiente. Para que essa manipulação seja realizada de maneira satisfatória, fazem-se necessários os movimentos de alcance e preensão de objetos controlados voluntariamente pelo indivíduo, e também a aquisição sensorial da força empregada durante a preensão. Portanto, este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento, a aplicação e a avaliação de um protótipo de sistema híbrido visando à reabilitação parcial da capacidade sensório-motora do membro superior direito de tetraplégicos. Tal sistema engloba uma órtese dinâmica para cotovelo utilizada em conjunto com a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, e uma luva instrumentada que possibilita a realimentação qualitativa da força de preensão. Os resultados das avaliações clínicas mostraram que o sistema auxilia os tetraplégicos em tarefas que envolvem o alcance e a preensão de objetos, bem como trazê-los para próximo do corpo. O aumento da faixa de alcance, a geração de preensão e a restauração artificial da habilidade de movimentar um objeto para próximo do corpo representam esse auxílio proporcionado pelo sistema. Assim o protótipo de sistema híbrido representa uma estratégia alternativa para a reabilitação de lesados medulares (níveis C5-C6). / Generally, individuals with motor impairments in the upper limbs have difficulties performing the movement of objects, which is essential for the execution of activities of daily living. Thus, these individuals do not perform these activities or perform them inefficiently. Toward satisfactory manipulation, reach and grasp movements of objects performed with voluntary control, and grasp force feedback are necessary. Therefore, this work presents the development, application and evaluation of a hybrid system prototype aiming at partial rehabilitation of sensory-motor ability of quadriplegic\'s right upper limb. Such system includes an elbow dynamic orthosis combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and an instrumented glove that allows the qualitative grasp force feedback. The results of clinical assessment showed that the system aids quadriplegic in tasks that involve reaching and grasping of objects, as well as bringing them close to the body. The improvement of reaching range, grasping generation and artificial restoration of the ability to move an object close to the body represent this aid provided by the system. Thus, the hybrid system prototype represents an alternative strategy for the rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury (C5-C6 level).

As part of efforts to curb the protracted electricity problem in Nigeria, the government enacted the National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP) in 2014. Through this policy, the country plans to increase its electricity generation from renewables to 20% by 2030. This thesis investigates the economic feasibility of this lofty goal, and as well determine the best hybrid configuration for off-grid rural/remote power generation across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria The economic feasibility results, using Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) tool, show that the 20% renewables goal in the Nigerian power generation mix by 2030 is economically feasible but will require vast investment, appropriate supportive mechanisms, both fiscal and non-fiscal (especially for solar PV) and unalloyed commitment on the part of the government. Moreover, the techno-economic results with Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) reveal Small hydro/Solar PV/Diesel generator/Battery design as the most cost-effective combination for power supply in remote/rural areas of Nigeria. Findings also highlight the better performance of this system in terms of fuel consumption and GHGs emission reduction. Lastly, the study identifies factors influencing RE development, and offers strategic and policy suggestions to advance RE deployment in Nigeria.

Em geral, indivíduos com disfunções motoras nos membros superiores apresentam dificuldades para executar a movimentação de objetos, a qual é essencial para a execução das atividades de vida diária. Dessa forma, esses indivíduos não a executam ou a fazem de maneira ineficiente. Para que essa manipulação seja realizada de maneira satisfatória, fazem-se necessários os movimentos de alcance e preensão de objetos controlados voluntariamente pelo indivíduo, e também a aquisição sensorial da força empregada durante a preensão. Portanto, este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento, a aplicação e a avaliação de um protótipo de sistema híbrido visando à reabilitação parcial da capacidade sensório-motora do membro superior direito de tetraplégicos. Tal sistema engloba uma órtese dinâmica para cotovelo utilizada em conjunto com a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, e uma luva instrumentada que possibilita a realimentação qualitativa da força de preensão. Os resultados das avaliações clínicas mostraram que o sistema auxilia os tetraplégicos em tarefas que envolvem o alcance e a preensão de objetos, bem como trazê-los para próximo do corpo. O aumento da faixa de alcance, a geração de preensão e a restauração artificial da habilidade de movimentar um objeto para próximo do corpo representam esse auxílio proporcionado pelo sistema. Assim o protótipo de sistema híbrido representa uma estratégia alternativa para a reabilitação de lesados medulares (níveis C5-C6). / Generally, individuals with motor impairments in the upper limbs have difficulties performing the movement of objects, which is essential for the execution of activities of daily living. Thus, these individuals do not perform these activities or perform them inefficiently. Toward satisfactory manipulation, reach and grasp movements of objects performed with voluntary control, and grasp force feedback are necessary. Therefore, this work presents the development, application and evaluation of a hybrid system prototype aiming at partial rehabilitation of sensory-motor ability of quadriplegic\'s right upper limb. Such system includes an elbow dynamic orthosis combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and an instrumented glove that allows the qualitative grasp force feedback. The results of clinical assessment showed that the system aids quadriplegic in tasks that involve reaching and grasping of objects, as well as bringing them close to the body. The improvement of reaching range, grasping generation and artificial restoration of the ability to move an object close to the body represent this aid provided by the system. Thus, the hybrid system prototype represents an alternative strategy for the rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury (C5-C6 level).

Les milieux ruraux, souvent distants du réseau électrique principal, sont particulièrement adaptés au déploiement de microréseaux (MR). Ce type de réseau permet une restructuration du réseau électrique d’aujourd’hui afin d'intégrer plus efficacement un plus grand nombre des sources d’énergie renouvelable. Le biogaz,obtenu par la méthanisation des déchets agricoles, est une ressource d’énergie renouvelable disponible dans les zones rurales. Cette ressource, facilement stockable en grande quantité, est particulièrement intéressante pour les réseaux faibles comme le MR. Les sources d’énergies valorisant le biogaz sont plus fiables et moins dépendantes de phénomènes stochastiques comme le vent ou l’éclairement solaire.Après un état de l’art sur les différentes technologies valorisant le biogaz, ilressort qu’un système hybride composé d’une pile à combustible de type SOFC et d’une microturbine (MT) permet d’atteindre le meilleur rendement électrique avec un faible impact environnemental.L’objectif global de la thèse est d’étudier le système SOFC/MT comme source principale dans un contexte MR rural isolé. Dans ce but, une modélisation du système a été réalisée en se focalisant sur les éléments ayant un impact sur la dynamique des signaux électriques du système. Le système hybride a ensuite été dimensionné dans le but de conserver un rendement électrique optimal et un unique convertisseur multiniveau de type 3LNPC est utilisé pour l'intégrer au MR. Comme une pile à combustible est sensible aux variations de charges (affectant son rendement et sa durée de vie), le premier objectif de la stratégie de commande appliquée au convertisseur 3LNPC est de réguler la puissance de la SOFC à sa valeur nominale. Le MR devant pouvoir fonctionner en autonomie lors de son ilotage, le deuxième objectif de cette stratégie est de fixer la tension et la fréquence du réseau.Les contrôleurs de la stratégie de commande sont conçus en attachant une importance particulière à la robustesse des correcteurs. Le fonctionnement du système hybride SOFC/MT, piloté par un unique convertisseur de type 3LNPC équipé d’une stratégie de commande originale, a été testé et validé en simulation puis expérimentalement sur la plateforme MR d’ESTIA-Recherche. / Rural areas, often far away from the main electric grid, are particularly suitablefor the deployment of microgrids (MG). This type of grid allows a restructuring oftoday's power grid in order to integrate more efficiently renewable power sources.Biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes, is a renewable energyresource available in rural areas. This resource, easily stored in large quantities, isparticularly interesting for weak grids like a MG. Energy sources using biogas are morereliable and less dependent on stochastic phenomena such as wind or solarillumination.After a state of the art on the different technologies enhancing biogas, it is clearthat a hybrid system consisting of a SOFC type fuel cell and a microturbine (MT)achieves the best electric efficiency with low environmental impact.The overall objective of the thesis is to study the SOFC / MT system as themain power source in an isolated rural MG context. For this purpose, a model of thesystem was carried out by focusing on the elements that affect the dynamics of thesystem's electrical signals. The hybrid system was then sized in order to maintainoptimal electrical performance, and a unique 3LNPC multilevel converter is used tointegrate the hybrid system to the MG. As a fuel cell is sensitive to load changes(affecting its performance and lifespan), the first objective of the control strategyapplied to the 3LNPC converter is to regulate the power of the SOFC at its nominalvalue. The MG must be able to operate autonomously when islanded, thus the secondobjective of this strategy is to set the grid voltage and frequency.The controllers of the control strategy are designed paying particular attention tothe robustness. The operation of the SOFC / MT hybrid system, driven by a single3LNPC type converter equipped with an innovative control strategy, has been testedand validated in simulation and experimentally in the MG platform of ESTIAResearch.

Estudo prospectivo para identificar a presença do papilomavírus humano em gestantes adolescentes por meio da captura híbrida II e correlacionar com colpocitologia oncótica convencional, em base líquida e colposcopia. O grupo constituído por 60 gestantes entre 12 a 18 anos e idade gestacional media de 23 semanas. A captura híbrida II foi positiva em 51,7%. A colpocitocologia oncótica convencional : normal em 90% e anormal em 10%. Os achados citológicos anormais: lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau em 8,3% e carcinoma invasor em 1,7%. A colpocitologia em base líquida: normal em 90% e anormal em 10%. Os achados citológicos anormais: lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau em 8,3% e lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau em 1,7%. Os achados colposcópicos normais foram o epitélio escamoso normal em 20%, epitélio glandular em 18,3% e a zona de transformação normal em 40%. A zona de transformação anormal presente em 21,7% / Study delineated to identify human papillomavirus by hybrid capture II in pregnant teenagers and to correlate with conventional, liquid-based Pap test and colposcopic findings. The study group was constituted by 60 pregnant women aged between 12 and 18 years old; mean gestational age was 23 weeks. They were submitted to anamnese, Pap smear, hybrid capture technique and colposcopy. Hybrid capture II of human papillomavirus was positive in 51,7% of the cases. Conventional Pap test was normal in 90% and abnormal in 10% of the cases. Abnormal results: low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in 8,3% and Invasor carcinoma in 1,7%. Based-liquid Pap test was normal in 90% and abnormal in 10% of the cases. Abnormal results: 8,3% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 1,7% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Normal results: 20% of normal squamous epithelium, 18,3%of columnar epithelium and 40% of normal transformation zone. Abnormal transformation zone was seen in 21,7% of the cases

Šiame darbe pristatomas PLA formalizmo metodas, skirtas aprašyti ir imituoti hibridines sistemas, kurių tolydiniai komponentai aprašomi pirmos eilės diferencialinėmis lygtimis. Pasinaudojus PLA formalizmu suformuluosime Kvantuotų būsenų sistemos modelį (QSS). QSS modelis yra integravimu pagrįstas metodas, skirtas spręsti pirmos eilės diferencialines lygtis. Šis modelis buvo suformuluotas DEVS formalizmo aplinkoje, kuris yra giminingas PLA formalizmui. Hibridinės sistemos pavyzdžiu pasirinktas farmakokinetinis modelis. Farmakokinetika yra farmakologijos mokslo šaka, tyrinėjant vartojamų vaistų pasisavinimą ir absorbciją žmogaus kūne. Farmakokinetiniame modelyje vaistų pasiskirstymas aprašomas pirmos eilės diferencialines lygtimis. Tam, kad būtų galima aprašyti šį modelį QSS pagalba, buvo reikalinga patobulinti QSS modelį. Rezultate gautas pakeistas QSS modelis. Naudojant pakeistą QSS modelį buvo sudarytas farmakokinetinis modelis ir atliktas vaistų koncentracijos kitimo imitavimas paciento kūne, kai pacientas reguliuoja vaistų suleidimą. / This paper presents the method of using Piece Linear Aggregates formalism (PLA) for specification and simulation of hybrid systems, when continuous components are described in ordinary differential equations (ODEs). PLA is used to create Quantized State System (QSS) model. QSS is integration based method, created for ODE solving. Since QSS method first was introduced for use in Discreet Event Systems (DEVS) formalism, we adapted it for PLA formalism, which is fundamentally consanguineous to DEVS formalism. Pharmacokinetics model is used as example of hybrid system. Pharmacokinetics is a branch of pharmacology which describes administered drug absorption and distribution in human body. In pharmacokinetics drug distribution is described using ODE. In order to use drug injection in pharmacokinetics model, we have to modify standard QSS model and add some specific capabilities. In the result: modified QSS method was obtained and used for pharmacokinetic model specification. Simulation of morphine concentration in plasma was performed using real pharmacokinetics data to test Patient-Controlled Analgesia method effectiveness.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-75). Also issued on the Internet.

Ce mémoire présente une approche basée sur des méthodes garanties pour résoudre des problèmes d’optimisation de systèmes dynamiques multi-physiques. Ces systèmes trouvent des applications directes dans des domaines variés tels que la conception en ingéniérie, la modélisation de réactions chimiques, la simulation de systèmes biologiques ou la prédiction de la performance sportive.La résolution de ces problèmes d’optimisation s’effectue en deux phases. La première consiste à mettre le problème en équations sous forme d’un modèle mathématique constitué d’un ensemble de variables, d’un ensemble de contraintes algébriques et fonctionelles ainsi que de fonctions de coût. Celles-ci sont utilisées lors de la seconde phase qui consiste à d’extraire du modèle les solutions optimales selon plusieurs critères (volume, poids, etc).Les contraintes algébriques permettent de manipuler des grandeurs statiques (quantité, taille, densité, etc). Elles sont non linéaires, non convexes et parfois discontinues.Les contraintes fonctionnelles permettent de manipuler des grandeurs dynamiques. Ces contraintes peuvent être relativement simples comme la monotonie ou la périodicité, mais aussi bien plus complexe par la prise en compte de contraintes différentielles simples ou définies par morceaux. Les équations différentielles sont utilisées pour modéliser des comportements physico-chimiques (magnétiques, thermiques, etc) et d’autres caractéristiques qui varient lors de l’évolution du système.Il existe plusieurs niveaux d’approximation pour chacune de ces deux phases. Ces approximations donnent des résultats pertinents, mais elles ne permettent pas de garantir l’optimalité ni la réalisabilité des solutions.Après avoir présenté un ensemble de méthodes garanties permettant de résoudre de manière garantie des équations différentielles ordinaires, nous formalisons un modèle particulier de systèmes hybrides sous la forme d’équations différentielles ordinaires par morceaux. A l’aide de plusieurs preuves et théorèmes nous étendons la première méthode de résolution pour résoudre de manière garantie ces équations différentielles par morceaux. Dans un second temps, nous intégrons ces deux méthodes au sein d’un module de programmation par contracteurs, que nous avons implémenté. Ce module basé sur des méthodes garantie permet de résoudre des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes algébriques et fonctionnelles. Ce module est finalement utilisé dans un algorithme d’optimisation globale déterministe modulaire permettant de résoudre les problèmes considérés. / In this thesis a set of tools based on guaranteed methods are presented in order to solve multi-physics dynamic problems. These systems can be applied in various domains such that engineering design process, model of chemical reactions, simulation of biological systems or even to predict athletic performances.The resolution of these optimization problems is made of two stages. The first one consists in defining a mathematical model by setting up the equations for the problem. The model is made of a set of variables, a set of algebraic and functional constraints and cost functions. The latter are used in the second stage in order to extract the optimal solutions from the model depending on several criteria (volume, weight, etc).Algebraic constraints are used to describe the static properties of the system (quantity, size, density, etc). They are non-linear, non-convex and sometimes discontinuous. Functional constraints are used to manipulate dynamic quantities. These constraints can be quite simple such as monotony or periodicity or they can be more complex such as simple or piecewise differential constraints. Differential equations are used to describe physico-chemical properties (magnetic, thermal, etc) and other features evolving with the component use. Several levels of approximation exist for each of these two stages. These approximations give some relevant results but they do not guarantee the feasibility nor the optimality of the solutions.After presenting a set of guaranteed methods in order to perform the guaranteed integration of ordinary differential equations, a peculiar type of hybrid system that can be modeled with piecewise ordinary differential equation is considered. A new method that computes guaranteed integration of these piecewise ordinary differential equations is developed through an extension of the initial algorithm based on several proofs and theorems. In a second step these algorithms are gathered within a contractor programming module that have been implemented. It is used to solve algebraic and functional constraint satisfaction problems with guaranteed methods. Finally, the considered optimization problems are solved with a modular deterministic global optimization algorithm that uses the previous modules.

Les modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines constituent un niveau crucial de régulation de l’expression des gènes. Parmi elles, la conjugaison peptidique impliquant l’ubiquitine intervient entre autre dans la régulation de la stabilité protéique. La fixation de ce peptide de 76 acides aminés, extrêmement conservé, sous forme de chaîne de polyubiquitine, nécessite l’intervention de trois enzymes (E1, E2 et E3) et constitue un signal de dégradation de la protéine ainsi modifiée. Cette voie de régulation intervient dans de très nombreux processus biologiques. Les complexes SCF sont impliqués dans la voie de protéolyse ciblée. Ils représentent l' une des classes les plus fréquentes d'ubiquitine ligase E3 et ils sont composés de quatre sous-unités (Rbx, Cullin, SKP1, et F-box). La structure et la fonction des complexes SCF, ont été étudiées chez la levure, l’Homme et la plante modèle A. thaliana. Cependant, peu de travaux ont été réalisés chez des plantes cultivées, en particulier les céréales, telles que le blé. Cinq gènes codant pour la sous-unité Skp1 (TSK1, TSK3, TSK6, TSK11 et TSK16), cinq gènes codant pour la sous-unité F-box (ZTL, ATFBL5, EBF, TIR1 et ABA-T), un gène codant pour la sous-unité Cullin1 et un gène codant pour la protéine RBX du complexe SCF du blé, ont été isolés et clonés. Les différents tests d’interaction entre les quatre sous-unités du complexe SCF ont été réalisés par la méthode du double-hybride dans la levure en utilisant la technologie Gateway. Ces études ont montré que les deux protéines, TSK1 et TSK3, fixent spécifiquement différentes sous-unités F-box. Parallèlement, nous avons montré que la protéine TSK11 représente une structure particulière. Des études d’insertion/délétion sur la protéine TSK11 ont permis d’identifier un nouveau domaine indispensable à l’interaction. Les analyses par PCR semi-quantitative des différents gènes codant pour la sous-unité Skp1, dans trois tissus différents (feuille tige et racine), ont mis en évidence une expression constitutive des gènes TSK3, TSK6 et TSK11. Tandis que les gènes TSK1 et TSK16 sont exprimés préférentiellement dans les racines. Les analyses par PCR semi-quantitative sur des plantules de blé à différents stades de développement, ont mis en évidence une surexpression du gène TSK11 au moment de la floraison. Ce qui suggère que TSK11 est probablement un équivalent fonctionnel d’ASK1 chez Arabidopsis thaliana. / The selective degradation of proteins is an important means of regulating gene expression and plays crucial roles in the control of various cellular processes. The Ubiquitin (Ub)–Proteasome System (UPS) is the principal non-lysosomal proteolytic pathway in eukaryotic cells and is required for the degradation of key regulatory proteins. Ubiquitin is a 76-residue protein that can be attached covalently to target proteins through an enzymatic conjugation cascade involving three enzymes denoted, E1, E2 and E3.The SCF complex is a type of ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) that acts as the specific factor responsible for substrate recognition and ubiquitination. Some polyubiquitinated proteins are then targeted to the 26S proteasome for degradation. The SCF complex consists of four components including SKP1, Cullin1, Rbx1 and a large gene family of F-box proteins. Twenty one SKP1-related genes have been described in the Arabidopsis genome and some of these genes have been analyzed genetically. By contrast, little is known about the function and structure of SKP1 homologues in wheat. Some of the Triticum SKP1-related protein (TSKs) have been characterized in this study. Five complete sequences of SKP1 (TSK1, TSK3, TSK6, TSK11 and TSK16), five F-box (ZTL, ATFBL5, EBF, TIR1 and ABA-T), one Cullin1 and one Rbx, were successfully cloned and biochemically characterized. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that TSK1 and TSK3 are capable of interacting with different F-box proteins. Furthermore, TSK11 contains an additional domain that changed its interaction capabilities. In vitro analysis using a chimeric protein showed that this additional domain could modify the interaction between a SKP-like protein and two F-box proteins. Expression analyses revealed that TSK1 and TSK16 were expressed predominantly in roots. While, TSK3, TSK6 and TSK11 were expressed in several wheat organs. In addition, the TSK11 was up-regulated in the leaves at the flowering stage.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelEMR_DISSERT.pdf: 3658891 bytes, checksum: 915aceff21c337d579cbf07b03a0e86a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-28 / The oil industry, experiencing a great economic and environmental impact, has increasingly invested in researches aiming a more satisfactory treatment of its largest effluent, i.e., produced water. These are mostly discarded at sea, without reuse and after a basic treatment. Such effluent contains a range of organic compounds with high toxicity and are difficult to remove, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, salts, heavy metals, etc.. The main objective of this work was to study the solar distillation of produced water pre-treated to remove salts and other contaminants trough of a hybrid system with a pre-heater. This developed apparatus was called solar system, which consists of a solar heater and a conventional distillation solar still. The first device consisted of a water tank, a solar flat plate collector and a thermal reservoir. The solar distillator is of simple effect, with 1m2 of flat area and 20? of inclination. This dissertation was divided in five steps: measurements in the solar system, i.e. temperatures and distillate flow rate and weather data; modeling and simulation of the system; study of vapor-liquid equilibrium of the synthetic wastewater by the aqueous solution of p-xylene; physical and chemical analyses of samples of the feed, distillate and residue, as well as climatology pertinent variables of Natal-RN. The solar system was tested separately, with the supply water, aqueous NaCl and synthetic oil produced water. Temperature measurements were taken every minute of the thermal reservoir, water tank and distillator (liquid and vapor phases). Data of solar radiation and rainfall were obtained from INPE (National Institute for Space Research). The solar pre-heater demonstrated to be effective for the liquid systems tested. The reservoir fluid had an average temperature of 58?C, which enabled the feed to be pre-heated in the distillator. The temperature profile in the solar distillator showed a similar behavior to daily solar radiation, with temperatures near 70?C. The distillation had an average yield of 2.4 L /day, i.e., an efficiency of 27.2%. Mathematical modeling aided the identification of the most important variables and parameters in the solar system. The study of the vapor-liquid equilibrium from Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis indicated heteroazeotropia and the vapor phase resulted more concentrated in p-xylene. The physical-chemical analysis of pH, conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chlorides, cations (including heavy metals) and anions, the effluent distillate showed satisfactory results, which presents a potential for reuse. The climatological study indicates the region of Natal-RN as favorable to the operation of solar systems, but the use of auxiliary heating during periods of higher rainfall and cloud cover is also recommended / A ind?stria do petr?leo, sentindo um grande impacto econ?mico e ambiental, tem investido crescentemente em pesquisas visando a um tratamento mais satisfat?rio de seu maior efluente: as ?guas produzidas em campos de produ??o. Estas s?o, em sua maioria, descartadas no mar, sem aproveitamento, ap?s serem tratadas. Esse tipo de efluente cont?m uma gama de compostos org?nicos de alta toxicidade e dif?cil remo??o, como hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos, al?m de sais, metais pesados etc. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi estudar a destila??o solar da ?gua de produ??o pr?-tratada para remo??o de sais e contaminantes da mesma a partir do uso de um sistema h?brido com pr?-aquecimento. Este aparato desenvolvido foi denominado de sistema solar, que ? composto por um aquecedor solar convencional e um destilador solar; o primeiro constitui-se de uma caixa d'?gua, uma placa coletora solar plana e um reservat?rio t?rmico; o destilador solar ? de simples efeito, com 1m2 de ?rea ?til e 20? de inclina??o na cobertura. A metodologia consistiu em cinco etapas: experimentos no sistema solar, com medi??o de temperaturas e de destilado obtido e obten??o de dados climatol?gicos; modelagem e simula??o do sistema; estudo de equil?brio l?quido-vapor de um efluente modelo de solu??o aquosa de p-xileno; realiza??o de an?lises f?sico-qu?micas de amostras de alimenta??o, destilado e res?duo; e um estudo climatol?gico da cidade de Natal-RN. O sistema solar foi testado, separadamente, com ?gua de abastecimento, solu??o aquosa sint?tica de NaCl e ?gua produzida de petr?leo. Foram realizadas medi??es de temperatura, a cada minuto, no reservat?rio t?rmico, na caixa d??gua e no destilador (fases l?quida e vapor). Dados de radia??o solar e precipita??o pluviom?trica foram obtidos do INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais). O pr?-aquecimento solar mostrou-se eficiente para os l?quidos testados e o fluido no reservat?rio t?rmico apresentou uma temperatura m?dia de 58 ?C, o que viabilizou a alimenta??o aquecida no destilador. O perfil de temperaturas no destilador solar apresentou comportamento similar ? radia??o solar di?ria, com temperaturas m?ximas pr?ximas a 70 ?C. Esse equipamento teve rendimento m?dio de 2,52 L/d e efici?ncia m?dia de 27,2%. A modelagem matem?tica permitiu identificar as vari?veis e par?metros mais influentes no sistema solar. O estudo do equil?brio l?quido-vapor, a partir de an?lise de TOC, indicou condi??o de heteroazeotropia, com o p-xileno se concentrando na fase vapor. As an?lises f?sico-qu?micas de pH, condutividade, STD, cloretos, c?tions (incluindo metais pesados) e ?nions, do efluente destilado apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios, o que evidencia um potencial de reuso. O estudo climatol?gico indica a cidade ou a regi?o de Natal-RN como favor?vel ? opera??o de sistemas solares, mas o uso de aquecimento auxiliar nos per?odos de maior pluviosidade e nebulosidade ? recomendado