As inundações periódicas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Cuiabá levaram a população a buscar meios para controlar as ocorrências de inundação, o que estimulou a construção da UHE Manso, atualmente sob responsabilidade da empresa Eletrobrás Furnas, em importante afluente desse rio. A partir de então, muito se tem discutido sobre a segurança proporcionada pela contenção de cheias do Aproveitamento Múltiplo de Manso (APM Manso) nas comunidades a jusante, especialmente na região metropolitana do Vale do Rio Cuiabá. O presente trabalho se propõe a avaliar a influência do reservatório de Manso na atenuação das cheias na bacia do Cuiabá. Foram analisados cenários hidráulicos a fim de comparar o impacto dos eventos extremos que ocorreram antes e após a operação da usina nas hipóteses da existência e inexistência do reservatório, e de cheias de projeto com diversos períodos de retorno na sub-bacia do rio Manso. O amortecimento hipotético do APM Manso foi simulado pelo método de Puls, e a translação da onda de cheia foi calculada pelo modelo hidrodinâmico CLiv. Em suma, foi constatado que o reservatório evitou uma cheia que atingiria grandes magnitudes em 2006. Quanto às inundações de maior prejuízo observadas anteriormente à construção da usina, duas delas seriam substancialmente atenuadas com a existência do reservatório; no entanto, uma terceira atingiria os níveis de alerta definidos pela Defesa Civil Estadual. Por fim, concluiu-se que, nas condições ideais de simulação, o APM Manso é capaz de reduzir a frequência das cheias consideradas de risco para as comunidades a jusante para períodos de retorno entre 50 e 100 anos. Apesar do amortecimento verificado, para que haja mitigação dos impactos de maneira racional, diversos outros cuidados devem ser tomados, em especial os relacionados ao planejamento para a ocupação apropriada das áreas de planície de inundação, a fim de que a segurança da população não dependa exclusivamente do reservatório. / The constant floods in Cuiabá river basin had led population to seek ways to control the overflow occurrences, encouraging the construction of Manso hydroelectric power plant, nowadays under responsibility of Eletrobras Furnas Company, in an important tributary of this river. Much has been discussed about the safety provided by the flood attenuation of Manso Multiple Use reservoir (MMU) in downstream communities, mainly in the metropolitan region of Cuiabá River Valley. In this context, this dissertation reports on the evaluation of the influence of Manso reservoir on the flood attenuation in Cuiabá basin. Hydraulic scenarios were analyzed in order to compare the impact of extreme events that occurred before and after hydroelectric power plant operation in the case of existence and non existence of the reservoir, and the impact of design flood with many return periods in Manso river sub-basin. The hypothetical flood-control of the MMU was simulated by level pool routing method, and the wave propagation was calculated by CLiv hydrodynamic model. It was verified that the reservoir avoided an inundation of great magnitudes in 2006. Regarding the major inundations that occurred before the hydroelectric power plant construction, two of them would have been substantially attenuated by the existence of the reservoir, and a third one would have reached the alert levels defined by the State Civil Defense. Finally, it was concluded that, under perfect simulated conditions, MMU is able to reduce the flood frequency considered risky to communities downstream in return periods between 50 and 100 years. Despite the verified flood-control, for the purpose of mitigating the impacts in wise manners, many other precautions must be taken, especially those related to planning for appropriate occupation in flood plain areas, so that population safety does not depend exclusively on the reservoir.

The Master‘s thesis deals with the assessment of the current state of flood protection in the rivers and floodplains of Svitava (km 0.000 - 2,050) and Svratka (km 26,370 - 33,963) in Brno. Using a combined 1D and 2D numerical model of water flow, hydraulic calculations of the peak flows of Q5, Q20 and Q100 were performed. For calculation, HEC-RAS 5.0.6 was used. The outputs were processed in the form of flood hazard maps and drawing documentation.

Large river water basins play a critical role in the economic, health, and biodiversity conditions of a region. In some basins, such as the Zambezi River Basin, extreme weather events introduce cycles of drought and heavy rainfall that can have extreme impacts on local communities vulnerable to environmental shifts. Annual flood pulse dynamics drive ecological dynamics in the system. In the dry season, water dependent wildlife in northern Botswana concentrates along the Chobe River- Floodplains. Elephant concentration, in particular, is matched to surface water quality declines. These flood pulse events have been linked to diarrheal disease outbreaks in the local population, the magnitude of which is associated positively with flood height. Modeling these interactions can advance our ability to predict events and develop mitigation and prevention actions. However, many challenges hinder this development including availability of data in regions that lack resources and the difficulties in create models for such large basins that account for overland water movement. This thesis presents work focused on addressing these challenges. Chapter 2 reports the development of a freely available Large Basin Data Portal (LBDP) that can be used to identify and create critical inputs for hydrodynamic models. This portal was used to create a hydrological model of the Upper Zambezi River Basin model (Chapter 3), a hydrodynamic model of the one of the three subbasins of the Zambezi River. The model was used to calculate downstream river discharges entering the Chobe-Zambezi Floodplains based on upstream rain events. The Upper Zambezi River Basin model was integrated with another more detailed model of the Chobe- Zambezi Floodplains (Chapter 4) that is designed to model the Chobe River and flood water movement in the floodplains. The models were created using the set of MIKE modeling software. The models were used to study various scenarios including water reductions that might occur due to climate change or drought and water increase that might be associated with extreme weather events. / Doctor of Philosophy / River water plays a key role in the livelihood of people and wildlife especially in region of the world suffering chronic economic challenges. The areas surrounding the Zambezi River in Africa is home to one of the most diverse ecological systems in the world. Extreme weather conditions bring cycles of drought and flooding especially in the Upper Zambezi region where wildlife, including the largest population of African elephants in the world, move closer to the Chobe River, a tributary of the Zambezi River, seeking water in the dry seasons. This research is focused on building a set of tools and models to enable studying the linkage between these events and aid in predicting the extent of the floods in the Chobe River Floodplain system based on rainfall in the Angolan high lands and other landscape features. Understanding how these dynamics are linked and the outcome in the downstream system provides a lead time for potential action.

3D environment reconstruction has received great interest in recent years in areas such as city planning, virtual tourism and flood hazard warning. With the rapid development of computer technologies, it has become possible and necessary to develop new methodologies and techniques for real time simulation for virtual environments applications. This thesis proposes a novel dynamic simulation scheme for flood hazard warning. The work consists of three main parts: digital terrain modelling; 3D environmental reconstruction and system development; flood simulation models. The digital terrain model is constructed using real world measurement data of GIS, in terms of digital elevation data and satellite image data. An NTSP algorithm is proposed for very large data assessing, terrain modelling and visualisation. A pyramidal data arrangement structure is used for dealing with the requirements of terrain details with different resolutions. The 3D environmental reconstruction system is made up of environmental image segmentation for object identification, a new shape match method and an intelligent reconstruction system. The active contours-based multi-resolution vector-valued framework and the multi-seed region growing method are both used for extracting necessary objects from images. The shape match method is used with a template in the spatial domain for a 3D detailed small scale urban environment reconstruction. The intelligent reconstruction system is designed to recreate the whole model based on specific features of objects for large scale environment reconstruction. This study then proposes a new flood simulation scheme which is an important application of the 3D environmental reconstruction system. Two new flooding models have been developed. The first one is flood spreading model which is useful for large scale flood simulation. It consists of flooding image spatial segmentation, a water level calculation process, a standard gradient descent method for energy minimization, a flood region search and a merge process. The finite volume hydrodynamic model is built from shallow water equations which is useful for urban area flood simulation. The proposed 3D urban environment reconstruction system was tested on our simulation platform. The experiment results indicate that this method is capable of dealing with complicated and high resolution region reconstruction which is useful for many applications. When testing the 3D flood simulation system, the simulation results are very close to the real flood situation, and this method has faster speed and greater accuracy of simulating the inundation area in comparison to the conventional flood simulation models

Le système de simulation et d'avis précoce d'alerte est un outil puissant pour la surveillance de la qualité de l'eau de la rivière Mudan, une rivière importante dans les régions froides du nord-est de la Chine et qui se jette finalement dans la rivière de l'Amour en Russie. Ainsi la qualité de l'eau dans la rivière Mudan est une préoccupation importante non seulement au niveau local et régional,mais aussi au niveau international. L'objectif de cette étude est de créer un système de simulation et d'avis précoce d'alerte pour que la distribution spatio-temporelle de la qualité de l'eau durant les périodes de couverture glaciaire et d'eaux libres soit simulée et visualisée précisément et afin que l'on puisse appréhender la variation spatiale de polluants sur le cours de rivière. La thèse est structurée en 7 chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre nous décrivons le contexte de l'étude et faisons un état de lieu des recherches actuelles. Dans le chapitre Il, la comparaison des modèles principaux disponibles pour l'évaluation de la qualité de l'eau est réaliser ainsi que le choix du meilleur modèle comme base pour créer le système de modélisation. Dans le chapitre Ill, la construction du modèle,les conditions limites requises et les paramètres pour le modèle ont été vérifiés et étalonnés. Une procédure de simulation distribuée est conçue dans le chapitre IV pour améliorer l'efficacité de la simulation. Le chapitre V concerne la programmation et la réalisation la de simulation distribuée et le chapitre VI les techniques fondamentales pour mettre en œuvre le système. Le chapitre VII est la conclusion. Il y a trois points innovants dans ce travail: un modèle bidimensionnel de dynamique de fluides de l'environnement pour la rivière Mudan, une méthode efficace du calcul distribué et un prototype de système de simulation et d'avis précoce d'alerte qui peuvent largement améliorer la capacité de surveillance et de gestion de la qualité de l'eau de la rivière Mudan ou d'autres rivières similaires. / Simulation and Early Warning System (SEWS) is a powerful tool for river water quality monitoring. Mudan River, an important river in northeastern cold regions of China, can run out of China into Russia. Thus, the water quality of Mudan River is highly concerned not only locally andregionally but also internationally. Objective of this study is to establish an excellent SEWS of water quality so that the spatio-temporal distribution of water quality in both open-water and ice-covered periods can be accurately simulated and visualized to understand the spatial variation of pollutants along the river course. The dissertation is structured into 7 chapters, chapter 1 outlines the background of the study and reviews the current progress. Chapter Il compares the main available models for evaluating river water quality so that a better model can be selected as the basis to establish a modeling system for Mudan River. Chapter Ill establishes the model, the required boundary conditions and parameters for the model were verified and calibrated. Chapter IV, a distributed simulation procedure was designed to increase the simulation efficiency. Chapter V discusses more about the programing and operational issues of the distributed simulation. Chapter VI is about the core techniques to implement the system. Chapter VII is the conclusion of the study to summarize the key points and innovations of the study. The study has the following three points as innovation : a two-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics model for Mudan River, an efficient distributed model computational method and a prototype of SEWS, which can greatly improve the capability of monitoring and management of water quality in Mudan River and other similar rivers.

La coalescence intervient dans de nombreuses situations physiques, naturelles ou industrielles, de la microphysique des nuages à la stabilité des émulsions ou l’assèchement des pétroles. Dans toutes ces situations, il est crucial de comprendre les mécanismes physiques en jeu, de manière pouvoir influencer la coalescence, la favoriser ou au contraire l’inhiber, selon les besoins. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la coalescence dans l’air entre deux gouttes attachées et décomposons le processus global en quatre étapes : l’approche avec drainage du film d’air entre les gouttes, le perçage des interfaces, l’ouverture du pont résultant de ce perçage, les oscillations amorties conduisant à l’équilibre de la goutte résultante. Les théories décrivant les étapes 1, 2 et 4 font intervenir des modèles hydrodynamiques continus, se plaçant à une échelle macroscopique. Cependant, à l’articulation entre les deux premières étapes, intervient le perçage des interfaces, processus gouverné par des forces dont la portée correspond à une échelle de quelques dizaines de nanomètres. Une des difficultés les plus importantes dans l’étude de la coalescence est celle de l’intégration des processus ayant lieu à un niveau moléculaire, dans une théorie du continuum dont l’échelle caractéristique est bien supérieure. L’objectif est de faire le lien entre les différentes échelles : y a-t-il des interactions entre les processus se produisant à ces différentes échelles ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous développons trois axes de travail, engageant chacun une échelle caractéristique. L’un est l’étude, au niveau macroscopique du micromètre, de l’ouverture du pont liquide. Grâce à une caméra rapide, plusieurs régimes d’écoulement sont mis en évidence. Les modèles théoriques existants concernent essentiellement le régime visqueux, et aucun modèle complet ne décrit le régime purement inertiel. Nous explorons expérimentalement ce régime et décrivons la forme et la longueur du pont, à l’aide d’ondes capillaires. Nous mettons en évidence l’existence de deux lignes de très forte courbure, que nous appelons singularités, qui naissent sur le lieu de perçage des interfaces et se propagent presque sans déformation de part et d’autre. Ces singularités, conditionnées par la tension superficielle, moteur de la coalescence, façonnent la forme du pont liquide et donc l’écoulement dans ce dernier. Nous proposons un modèle simple d’écoulement inertiel, basé sur la forme du pont liée à ces singularités. Ce modèle permet de mieux comprendre les rôles des forces hydrodynamiques et de la courbure dans l’évolution temporelle de la largeur du pont. Un autre axe est une étude expérimentale par Microscope à Force Atomique, qui permet de décrire les forces responsables de la coalescence à l’échelle nanométrique, les déformations des gouttes intervenant à cette échelle et leur rôle dans la rupture des interfaces. Les mesures de forces entre goutte et flaque, puis entre deux gouttes sont effectuées avec un AFM principalement en mode dynamique de Modulation de Fréquence. Elles permettent de mettre en évidence une distance seuil de déclenchement de l’instabilité hydrodynamique responsable de la coalescence et de mesurer cette distance en fonction des propriétés physiques du liquide et du rayon des gouttes. Un diagramme de coalescence est proposé, qui permet de prévoir la valeur de la distance de déclenchement de la coalescence et le rôle des déformations d’interfaces à l’échelle nanométrique. Enfin, les oscillations du pont liquide, générées par la coalescence, sont étudiées, les modes et fréquences propres sont calculés numériquement par la méthode des éléments finis, puis comparés aux valeurs expérimentales mesurées à partir des films acquis par caméra rapide. / Coalescence is involved in numerous natural or man-made processes, from microphysics of clouds to emulsions stability, or water-crude oil separation processes. In these situations, it is crucial to understand the physics of coalescence of drops or bubbles, in order to influence the phenomenon, to enhance or inhibit the coalescence rate, depending on the needs. In this thesis, we study coalescence in air of two attached drops. We separate the coalescence process into four stages : the approach and drainage of the film between coalescing bodies, the interfaces breaking, the opening of the bridge resulting from this breaking, and the damped oscillations, generated by coalescence, leading to the equilibrium state of the resulting drop. The theoretical description of the stages 1, 2 and 4 are based on continuous hydrodynamic models, at a macroscopic scale. However, the transition between the first two stages is the interfaces break-up, controlled by short range interactions, at a nanometer scale. One of the most difficult issues is the integration of these nanoscale processes into a continuum hydrodynamic theory which length scale is much bigger. The purpose of this work is understand how the phenomenons occurring at the different scales are linked. We first study, at a macroscopic scale, the opening of the liquid bridge between the drops. Thanks to the experimental set-up, involving a high-speed camera, we explore different regimes of flow, by studying the shape and dimensions of the bridge. The existing hydrodynamic models mostly describe the viscous regime, and there exist no complete modeling of the inertial regime. We explore specifically this regime. The bridge shape is described by the mean of capillary waves. We focus on two lines of extremely high curvature on the free surface, that we call singularities, generated in the initial site of interfaces break-up, and propagating merely without deformation towards the extremities of the drops. We propose a model of inertial flow in the opening bridge, whose shape is linked to these "singularities", due to surface tension. This model allows to have a better understanding of the contribution of the hydrodynamic forces and surface tension regarding the time evolution of the length and radius of the bridge. The second area of investigation is a study at a nanometer scale. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is used to measure van der Waals forces between the coalescing bodies and the nanoscale deformations leading to coalescence. We perform force measurements with an AFM, essentially in the Frequency Modulation Mode. Studying the interaction, first between a droplet and a bulk, then between two droplets, we measure the threshold distance below which the coalescence occurs, varying the physical properties of liquids and the drops radius. A coalescence diagram can be built, allowing to predict the threshold distance of coalescence and the part played by the nanoscale deformations in the process. The third point is the study of the weakly damped oscillations of the whole body, induced y coalescence. The eigen frequencies and modes are calculated using the finite elements method, and compared to the experimental results, measured by the mean of the high speed camera.

3D environment reconstruction has received great interest in recent years in areas such as city planning, virtual tourism and flood hazard warning. With the rapid development of computer technologies, it has become possible and necessary to develop new methodologies and techniques for real time simulation for virtual environments applications. This thesis proposes a novel dynamic simulation scheme for flood hazard warning. The work consists of three main parts: digital terrain modelling; 3D environmental reconstruction and system development; flood simulation models. The digital terrain model is constructed using real world measurement data of GIS, in terms of digital elevation data and satellite image data. An NTSP algorithm is proposed for very large data assessing, terrain modelling and visualisation. A pyramidal data arrangement structure is used for dealing with the requirements of terrain details with different resolutions. The 3D environmental reconstruction system is made up of environmental image segmentation for object identification, a new shape match method and an intelligent reconstruction system. The active contours-based multi-resolution vector-valued framework and the multi-seed region growing method are both used for extracting necessary objects from images. The shape match method is used with a template in the spatial domain for a 3D detailed small scale urban environment reconstruction. The intelligent reconstruction system is designed to recreate the whole model based on specific features of objects for large scale environment reconstruction. This study then proposes a new flood simulation scheme which is an important application of the 3D environmental reconstruction system. Two new flooding models have been developed. The first one is flood spreading model which is useful for large scale flood simulation. It consists of flooding image spatial segmentation, a water level calculation process, a standard gradient descent method for energy minimization, a flood region search and a merge process. The finite volume hydrodynamic model is built from shallow water equations which is useful for urban area flood simulation. The proposed 3D urban environment reconstruction system was tested on our simulation platform. The experiment results indicate that this method is capable of dealing with complicated and high resolution region reconstruction which is useful for many applications. When testing the 3D flood simulation system, the simulation results are very close to the real flood situation, and this method has faster speed and greater accuracy of simulating the inundation area in comparison to the conventional flood simulation models

There is considerable opportunity to develop new modelling techniques within a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework for the development of sustainable marine cage culture. However, the spatial data sets are often uncertain and incomplete, therefore new spatial models employing “soft computing” methods such as fuzzy logic may be more suitable. The aim of this study is to develop a model using Neuro-fuzzy techniques in a 3D GIS (Arc View 3.2) to predict coastal environmental vulnerability for Atlantic salmon cage aquaculture. A 3D hydrodynamic model (3DMOHID) coupled to a particle-tracking model is applied to study the circulation patterns, dispersion processes and residence time in Mulroy Bay, Co. Donegal Ireland, an Irish fjard (shallow fjordic system), an area of restricted exchange, geometrically complicated with important aquaculture activities. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated and validated by comparison with sea surface and water flow measurements. The model provided spatial and temporal information on circulation, renewal time, helping to determine the influence of winds on circulation patterns and in particular the assessment of the hydrographic conditions with a strong influence on the management of fish cage culture. The particle-tracking model was used to study the transport and flushing processes. Instantaneous massive releases of particles from key boxes are modelled to analyse the ocean-fjord exchange characteristics and, by emulating discharge from finfish cages, to show the behaviour of waste in terms of water circulation and water exchange. In this study the results from the hydrodynamic model have been incorporated into GIS to provide an easy-to-use graphical user interface for 2D (maps), 3D and temporal visualization (animations), for interrogation of results. v Data on the physical environment and aquaculture suitability were derived from a 3- dimensional hydrodynamic model and GIS for incorporation into the final model framework and included mean and maximum current velocities, current flow quiescence time, water column stratification, sediment granulometry, particulate waste dispersion distance, oxygen depletion, water depth, coastal protection zones, and slope. The Neuro-fuzzy classification model NEFCLASS–J, was used to develop learning algorithms to create the structure (rule base) and the parameters (fuzzy sets) of a fuzzy classifier from a set of classified training data. A total of 42 training sites were sampled using stratified random sampling from the GIS raster data layers, and the vulnerability categories for each were manually classified into four categories based on the opinions of experts with field experience and specific knowledge of the environmental problems investigated. The final products, GIS/based Neuro Fuzzy maps were achieved by combining modeled and real environmental parameters relevant to marine fin fish Aquaculture. Environmental vulnerability models, based on Neuro-fuzzy techniques, showed sensitivity to the membership shapes of the fuzzy sets, the nature of the weightings applied to the model rules, and validation techniques used during the learning and validation process. The accuracy of the final classifier selected was R=85.71%, (estimated error value of ±16.5% from Cross Validation, N=10) with a Kappa coefficient of agreement of 81%. Unclassified cells in the whole spatial domain (of 1623 GIS cells) ranged from 0% to 24.18 %. A statistical comparison between vulnerability scores and a significant product of aquaculture waste (nitrogen concentrations in sediment under the salmon cages) showed that the final model gave a good correlation between predicted environmental vi vulnerability and sediment nitrogen levels, highlighting a number of areas with variable sensitivity to aquaculture. Further evaluation and analysis of the quality of the classification was achieved and the applicability of separability indexes was also studied. The inter-class separability estimations were performed on two different training data sets to assess the difficulty of the class separation problem under investigation. The Neuro-fuzzy classifier for a supervised and hard classification of coastal environmental vulnerability has demonstrated an ability to derive an accurate and reliable classification into areas of different levels of environmental vulnerability using a minimal number of training sets. The output will be an environmental spatial model for application in coastal areas intended to facilitate policy decision and to allow input into wider ranging spatial modelling projects, such as coastal zone management systems and effective environmental management of fish cage aquaculture.

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der theoretischen Beschreibung nichtlinearer optischer Phänomene in Hinblick auf das (numerische) unstetige Galerkin-Zeitraumverfahren. Insbesondere werden zwei Materialmodelle behandelt: das hydrodynamische Modell für Metalle und das Modell für Raman-aktive Materialien. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird das hydordynamische Modell für Metalle unter Verwendung eines störungstheoretischen Ansatzes behandelt. Insbesondere wird dieser Ansatz genutzt, um die nichtlinearen optischen Effekte, Erzeugung zweiter Harmonischer und Summenfrequenzerzeugung, mit Hilfe des unstetigen Galerkin-Verfahrens zu studieren. In diesem Zusammenhang wird demonstriert, wie das optische Signal zweiter Ordnung von Nanoantennen optimiert werden kann. Hierzu wird ein hier erarbeitetes Schema für die Abstimmung des eingestrahten Lichtes angewandt. Zudem führt eine intelligente Wahl des Antennendesigns zu einem optimierten Signal. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wird das Modell für Raman-aktive Dielektrika behandelt. Genauer wird die nichtlineare Antwort dritter Ordnung für stimulierte Raman-Streuung hergeleitet. Diese wird dazu genutzt, um ein System aus Hilfsdifferentialgleichungen für das unstetige Galerkin-Verfahren zu konstruieren. Die Ergebnisse des erweiterten numerischen Verfahrens werden im Anschluss gezeigt und diskutiert. / This thesis is concerned with the theoretical description of nonlinear optical phenomena with regards to the (numerical) discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method. It deals with two different material models: the hydrodynamic model for metals and the model for Raman-active dielectrics. In the first part, we review the hydrodynamic model for metals, where we apply a perturbative approach to the model. We use this approach to calculate the second-order nonlinear optical effects of second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation using the DGTD method. In this context, we will see how to optimize the second-order response of plasmonic nanoantennas by applying a deliberate tuning scheme for the optical excitations as well as by choosing an intelligent nanoantenna design. In the second part, we examine the material model for Raman-active dielectrics. In particular, we see how to derive the third-order nonlinear response by which one can describe the process of stimulated Raman scattering. We show how to incorporate this third-order response into the DGTD scheme yielding a novel set of auxiliary differential equations. Finally, we demonstrate the workings of the modified numerical scheme.

In dieser Arbeit werden die nichtlokalen sowie nichtlinearen Eigenschaften plasmonischer Nanopartikel behandelt, wie sie im hydrodynamischen Modell enthalten sind. Das hydrodynamische Materialmodell stellt eine Erweiterung des Drude Modells dar, in der Korrekturen in der Beschreibung des Elektronenplasmas berücksichtigt werden. Einer ausführlichen Einführung des Materialmodells folgt eine analytische Diskussion der Auswirkungen der Nichtlokalität am Beispiel eines einzelnen Zylinders. Hierbei werden die durch die Nichtlokalität herbeigeführten Frequenzverschiebungen in den Streu- und Absorptionsspektren quantifiziert und asymptotisch behandelt. Des Weiteren wird mit Hilfe einer konformen Abbildung das Problem eines zylindrischen Dimers in der Elektrostatischen Näherung gelöst und die Moden der Struktur bestimmt. Diese Untersuchungen dienen als maßgebliche Grundlage für weiterführende numerische Studien die mit der diskontinuierlichen Galerkin Zeitraummethode durchgeführt werden. Die durch die analytischen Betrachtungen gewonnene Kenntnis der Moden ermöglicht es, im Zusammenhang mit gruppentheoretischen Betrachtungen und numerischen Untersuchungen, rigorose Auswahlregeln für die Anregung der Moden durch lineare und nichtlineare Prozesse aufzustellen. In weiterführenden numerischen Simulationen werden außerdem Strukturen niedrigerer Symmetrie, auf die sich die Auswahlregeln übertragen lassen, untersucht. Zudem werden numerische Studien präsentiert in denen der Einfluss der Nichtlokalität auf Feldüberhöhungen in Dimeren und doppel-resonantes Verhalten (es liegt sowohl bei der Frequenz des eingestrahlten Lichtes als auch bei der zweiten harmonischen eine Resonanz vor) untersucht werden. / This thesis deals with the nonlocal and nonlinear properties of plasmonic nanoparticles, as described by the hydrodynamic model. The hydrodynamic material model represents an extension of the Drude model that contains corrections to the descriptions of the electron plasma. After a thorough derivation of the material model, analytical discussions of nonlocality are presented for the example of a single cylinder. The frequency shifts in the scattering and absorption spectra are quantified and treated asymptotically. Furthermore, by applying a conformal map, the problem of a cylindrical dimer is solved in the electrostatic limit and the modes of the structure are determined. These investigations lay the foundations for numerical investigations which are performed employing the discontinuous Galerkin time domain method. The analytical knowledge of the modes, in conjunction with group theoretical considerations and numerical analysis, enables the formulation of rigorous selection rules for the excitation of modes by linear and nonlinear processes. In further numerical studies, the influence of nonlocality on the field enhancement in dimer structures and double-resonant behavior (a resonance is found at the frequency of the incoming light and at the second harmonic) are investigated.