Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Sociala och miljömässiga frågor har blivit allt viktigare i dagens samhälle. Detta har gjort att trycket har ökat på företag till att lägga mer fokus på hållbarhetsfrågor. En bransch som tidigt ville förbättra sitt rykte och redovisa hur de arbetade med dessa frågor var drivmedelsbranschen. Vissa företag väljer att spendera mer tid på grön marknadsföring än faktiska åtgärder för att minimera företagets påverkan på miljön, vilket kallas för greenwashing. En process som beskriver skillnaden mellan faktiska åtgärder och vad företaget presenterar utåt är impression management. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur impression management används inom drivmedelsbranschen, då denna bransch kritiseras för sin användning av “grön marknadsföring”. Av denna anledning vill vi även jämföra hur hållbarhetsredovisningar utformas för att se hur användandet av impression management kan skilja sig åt. Teoretisk referensram: De teorier som presenteras i denna studie är impression management, attributionsteorin, legitimitetsteorin och intressentteorin. Metod: Studien bygger på de fem ledande företagen inom drivmedelsbranschen: Statoil, Shell, St1, OKQ8 och Preem. Tre kategorier inom impression management, reading ease manipulation, attribution of performance och rhetorical manipulation, användes som grund till att göra innehållsanalyser på företagens hållbarhetsredovisningar. Resultat och analys: Resultatet presenteras med hjälp av tabeller och figurer och analyseras utifrån de tre kategorierna inom impression management, den teoretiska referensramen samt tidigare forskning. Slutsats: Av de hållbarhetsredovisningar som granskades kunde vi se att alla företag använder sig av impression management i någon form och att det går att utläsa både likheter och skillnader mellan företagen och de studerade kategorierna.

Nous présentons, ici, l'adaptation d'un procédé technologique de dépôt de par jet de matière, communément appelé jet d'encre, pour la réalisation de profil de phase sur un verre pixellisé. L'étude des phénomènes complexes, mis en jeu dans le procédé jet d'encre, nous a permis d'identifier et de comprendre les interactions fortes entre les propriétés physico-chimiques des liquides fonctionnels et les contraintes technologiques des têtes d'impression. Ainsi, le contrôle des paramètres d'impression nous a permis d'optimiser la formation des gouttes éjectées. Dans un second temps, l'étude des problématiques de remplissage des microstructures pixellisées a été abordée. Différentes stratégies d'impression ont été proposées pour limiter l'impact des défauts d'impression rencontrés. Un procédé informatique de tramage a ensuite été développé, pour définir un profil de phase et gérer spatialement la volumétrie des dépôts. Les étapes de scellement et de planarisation des films microstructurés remplis ont également été abordées ainsi que les difficultés liées à leur mise en oeuvre. Enfin, un exemple de réalisation d'une lentille de Fresnel plane par procédé jet d'encre et sa caractérisation optique ont été détaillées, montrant ainsi le travail de développement réalisé lors de la thèse. / The adaptation of a technological material deposition process, named inkjet printing, is presented, here, in order to realize refractive index profiles for the pixellisation of corrective lenses. The study of the complex phenomena, involved in inkjet process, has enabled us to identify and understand the strong interactions between the physico-chemical properties of functional liquids and the technological constraints of printheads. This work allowed us to control printing parameters and optimize the drop formation process. Secondly, the study of problems related to the filling of microstructures has been approached. Various printing strategies have been proposed to limit the impact of printing errors encountered and a software has been developed for the project, allowing to define a refractive index profile and manage spatially the ejected volumes. Then, the sealing and the "planarization" processes of the filled microstructured films have been illustrated and the difficulties connected to their implementation were detailed. Finally, an example of optical microdevice was presented. Thus, the realization by inkjet printing process and the optical characterization of a flat Fresnel lens were detailed to illustrate the development realized during these works.

I use a mixed methods, qualitative approach to explore whether individuals become so invested in an organization that they engage in impression management to influence others’ perceptions of the organization. Additionally, I aim to reveal impression management strategies in an environment that is explicitly gendered in a transformative manner. I use roller derby as a case study because it is a rare example of a single-sex dominated organization that is voluntary and explicitly aims to be transformational of the current gender system.

The expressive nature of typing has been mostly neglected in research. The possibilities of our full expressive selves are not included in typing experiences.The aim of this thesis is to explore the expressive qualities and experiences of typing and open up new opportunities and possibilities for interaction designers. To fulfil this aim, the qualities of typing itself as a medium are investigated, as well as how handwriting can be used as inspiration and guidance to investigate the potential expressive qualities of typing.The result of this investigation showed how typing possesses personal, behavioral and emotional expressions. Additionally, the investigation lead to the discovery of how typing possesses impressionable experiences. These impressions changed the feeling while typing, could make the user write in a particular way and be used as an expressive tool to another person.

Self-evaluations are typically performed in the workplace in order to apportion rewards, judge suitability for promotions and to assign people to appropriate roles. However, people adapt their representations of the self to their circumstances so much so that self-evaluations, as a true reflection of a person’s performance or character, are often of little worth. Assuming honest and sincere rather than manipulated feedback in the workplace is better for achieving business objectives, this research describes hypothesised key drivers of self-presentation behaviour and contributes towards improving the design of self-evaluation instruments. A theoretical model of self-presentation behaviour was constructed, drawing on theory of social desirability bias, impression management and accountability, that proposes anticipation of two distinct characteristics of an audience, power to reward and knowledge of the dimensions being assessed, cause the self-presenting individual to adapt their representations of themselves in specific and predictable ways. A quasi-experiment was performed, using a sample of 278 MBA students allocated to four groups, on the effects of audience anticipation on self-reporting on the dimensions of performance and personality. Statistical pair-wise comparisons of means in experimental groups and principal components analysis verified the theoretical model. / Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

The word impression encompasses a dual meaning which desires to be more fully explored in the built realm. An (im-print) has a powerful impact because the message becomes an indelible mark embedded within the material. Physically, an impression is made by the pressure of one object on or into another, leaving behind a trace of this interaction on the surface. This process has the potential to create a vivid memory within the participant who comes into contact with it. The idea of imprint can become a part of the process of design both physically and conceptually. As polished concrete can be marveled for its beauty in craftsmanship, so too can the manipulation of surface serve as a valuable haptic communicator for those who interact with it. Sight is a powerful sense, but it remains devoid of any physical relationship with the world surrounding us and provides a level of separation which discourages us to examine our environment on other sensorial levels. By (im-print)ing a material it transforms from a purely visual statement into a haptic experience, engaging the user and introducing a visceral dialogue. Inspired by the process of letterpress print-making, surface can be explored to tactilely communicate narratives of craft, materiality, and process, and open a new haptic dialogue to the body; subtly but powerfully. Through a tactile investigation of materials' expression, we can gain a greater connection to that which envelops us and encourage a corporeal dialogue between user and built environment. This process sets out to create an assembled space through the process of making, molds and prints, and to relay this education of process and materiality to the user hapticly, engaging the senses and in turn (im-print)ing upon the user an indelible quality of experience which inevitably impacts further exploration within the built environment.

Hållbarhet har blivit allt mer aktuellt i dagens samhälle. Den framväxande kunskapen har bidragit till att företag redovisar sitt hållbarhetsarbete i en allt större omfattning. En viktig del av samhället är bostadsutvecklare, vilka även står för en stor del Sveriges utsläpp idag. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka vilken förändring som skett gällande omfattningen av bostadsutvecklare hållbarhetsredovisningar. Studien sträcker sig över åren 2009-2019 och JM:s, HSB:s och Riksbyggens hållbarhetsredovisningar har analyserats genom ett kodningsschema. Även hur frekvent förekommande fotografier var i hållbarhetsredovisningarna har studerats. Studien finner att begreppsanvändandet generellt sett har ökat såväl som antalet sidor som hållbarhetsredovisningarna presenteras på. Däremot går det inte att dra några tydliga slutsatser beträffande hur fotografier används hållbarhetsredovisningarna.

Footwear impression evidence in dust is often difficult to locate in ambient light and is a fragile medium that both collection and enhancement techniques can destroy or distort. The collection of footwear impression evidence always begins with non-destructive photographic techniques; however, current methods are limited to oblique lighting of the impression followed by an attempt to photograph in situ12,15,17. For the vast majority of footwear impressions, an interactive collection method, and thus a potentially destructive procedure, is subsequently carried out to gather the evidence18. Therefore, alternative non-destructive means for the preservation and enhancement of footwear impressions in dust merits further attention. Previous research performed with reflected ultraviolet (UV) photography and reflected ultraviolet imaging systems (RUVIS) has shown that there are additional non-destructive methodologies that can be applied to the search for and documentation of footwear impressions in dust34,36,37. Unfortunately, these prior studies did not include robust comparisons to traditional oblique white light, instead choosing to focus on different UV wavelengths. This study, however, seeks to evaluate the use of a RUVIS device paired with a 254 nanometer (nm) UV light source to locate 2-D footwear impressions in dust on multiple substrates against standard oblique white light techniques and assess the visibility of the impression and amount of background interference present. The optimal angle of incident UV light for each substrate was also investigated. Finally, this study applied an image enhancement technique in order to evaluate its usefulness when looking at the visibility of a footwear impression and the amount of background interference present for enhanced white light and RUVIS pictures of footwear impressions in dust. A collection of eight different substrate types was gathered for investigation, including vinyl composition tile (VCT), ceramic tile, marble tile, magazine paper, steel sheet metal, vinyl flooring, wood flooring, and carpet. Heel impressions were applied to the various substrates utilizing vacuum collected dust and normal walking pressure. Each substrate was then explored and photographed in ambient fluorescent light, oblique white light at 0, 15, 30, and 0 with the light source below the surface plane of the substrate, and 254 nm UV light at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 0 with the light source below the surface plane of the substrate. All pictures were evaluated for clarity and visible detail of the footwear impression and the amount of background interference present, selecting for the best images within a lighting condition group. Additional intra- and intergroup comparisons were carried out to explore differences created by the various lighting conditions. Enhanced images were then created with the best scored pictures and evaluated for additional modifications in impression visibility and background interference. Photographs of footwear impressions in dust illuminated with ambient fluorescent light proved to be the most difficult conditions under which a footwear impression could be visualized. However, both oblique white light and 254 nm UV light lighting conditions showed improvements in either visualization or background dropout, or both, over ambient light conditions. An assessment of the white light and 254 nm UV light RUVIS images also demonstrated that the best angles for the light source for all substrates were oblique 0 and oblique 0 below the surface plane of the substrate lighting. It was found that white light photographs generally provided higher visibility ratings, while RUVIS 254 nm UV light photographs provided better grades for reducing background interference. Enhanced images of white light conditions provided generally poorer quality and quantity of details, while enhanced RUVIS images seemed to improve upon these areas. The use of a RUVIS to capture photographs of footwear impression evidence in dust was found to be a successful secondary non-destructive technique that can be paired with traditional oblique white light procedures. Additionally, the use of below the surface plane of the substrate lighting techniques were found to improve either visibility or background dropout, or both, over standard 0 oblique lighting, depending on the light source, and should be employed, when applicable. Finally, further investigation into digital photo-editing enhancement techniques for footwear impression evidence in dust is needed.

Hållbart företagande har blivit en grundpelare i dagens företagsamma Sverige. Företag redovisar en hållbarhetsrapport för att kommunicera ut sitt hållbara företagande till intressenterna. Den har blivit viktigare för företag att bry sig om för att möta omgivningens och intressenternas förväntningar. Förväntningarna på företag att redovisa en högkvalitativ hållbarhetsrapport är höga men samtidigt är regleringar och rapporteringsstandarder av fri karaktär. Det är svårt att bestämma vilka faktorer som utgör en högkvalitativ hållbarhetsrapport och forskningen är begränsad. Syftet med studien är att analysera svenska hållbarhetsansvarigas uppfattningar om vilka faktorer som bidrar till högkvalitativa hållbarhetsrapporter utifrån Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) rapporteringsprinciper för kvalitet. För att undersöka det används institutionell teori, legitimitetsteori, impression management, GRI-ramverket och tidigare forskning. Empirin samlas in genom kvalitativ metod i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att faktorer som tydligare och striktare lagstiftning, utökade resurser, ett hållbarhetsorienterat ledarskap och extern revision är kvalitetshöjande faktorer när det kommer till hållbarhetsrapporter.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study investigated choices made by fundraisers when crafting appeals to unknown potential donors. Specifically, it asked if and how fundraisers’ choices vary depending on whether they were raising money for a population that faced societal stigma. Research on fundraising often focuses on donor behavior, without considering the type of the beneficiary and the discretionary decisions made by fundraisers. This study drew on literature about stigma and literature about fundraising communication. It employed mixed methodologies to explore this research question. The first part of the study used an online experimental survey, in which 76 practicing fundraisers wrote an acquisition appeal letter for a nonprofit after random assignment to benefit either clients with mental illness (stigmatized population) or older adults (non-stigmatized population), then answered attitudinal questions about the beneficiary population. Participants believed individuals with mental illness were more stigmatized than older adults. Analysis of the letters using linguistic software showed that fundraisers used more humanizing language when writing about the non-stigmatized population, compared to the stigmatized population. Several aspects of the appeal letters, identified through existing theory, were examined but did not vary at statistically significant levels between the groups. Exploratory factor analysis showed several patterns of elements recurring within the letters. One of these patterns, addressing social expectations, varied significantly by client group. In the second part of the study, semi-structured interviews with fifteen participants showed that writing for the stigmatized client population raised special concerns in communicating with potential donors: many interviewees described identifying client stories and evidence to justify helping stigmatized clients in a way that wasn’t thought as necessary for non-stigmatized clients. They also attempted to mitigate threatening stereotypes to maintain readers’ comfort levels. Fundraisers regularly evaluated how readers were likely to think of different kinds of clients. Fundraisers’ own implicit assumptions also came into play.