Orientador: Prof. Dr. Arilson Favareto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018. / Os últimos anos vêm assistindo a um reaquecimento dos debates sobre o desenvolvimento de longo prazo e os rumos do capitalismo no século XXI. A ênfase crescente na redução de desigualdades e no equacionamento da questão ambiental como principais desafios a serem enfrentados no mundo contemporâneo e a busca por novos padrões de relacionamento entre economia, sociedade e natureza exigem, cada vez mais, aparatos teórico-conceituais que desafiam a especialização disciplinar característica do campo científico desde finais do século XIX, e trazem novas oportunidades e desafios ao planejamento territorial. Por um lado, mudanças recentes na economia, no Estado e na agenda de desenvolvimento demandam novos olhares e conteúdos a esse campo de estudos, que sejam capazes de auxiliar no entendimento da complexa trama territorial que sustenta o mundo contemporâneo e na proposição de novas estratégias e políticas com ela condizentes. Por outro, a ausência de respostas às questões hoje colocadas, característica comum em contextos de crise e mudança de paradigmas, consiste em uma importante e necessária oportunidade de revisão e reconstrução das bases teóricas e conceituais que envolvem o planejamento territorial no cenário atual. O presente trabalho busca contribuir com esse reexame e com a construção de quadros analíticos condizentes com os desafios contemporâneos, a partir de uma revisão crítica da evolução recente das teorias sobre território e desenvolvimento e da busca pela identificação de algumas bases para uma nova geração de artefatos científicos com eles coerentes. Partindo das injunções entre as teorias e sua normatização em recomendações de políticas no decorrer do tempo até os dias de hoje, tanto em âmbito internacional quanto no Brasil, o trabalho ilumina as insuficiências das reflexões e abordagens que atualmente conformam o campo do planejamento territorial e a necessidade de construção de aparatos analíticos que, aproximando especialidades disciplinares tradicionalmente apartadas ¿ dedicadas ao rural, ao ambiental, ao urbano ou ao regional ¿ e articulando as diferentes dimensões por elas priorizadas ¿ economia, política, sociedade e meioambiente ¿ sejam capazes de fornecer as bases a novos olhares acerca da dimensão territorial do desenvolvimento contemporâneo. / The debates about the long term development and orientation of XXI century capitalism have been warming up over the last years. Growing emphasis on reducing inequality and solving the environmental question as the main challenges to be faced in the contemporary world, and the search for new patterns of interaction among economy, society and nature increasingly demand theoretical-conceptual instruments which defy the academic specialization that became academic standard since the end of the XIXth century, and bring new opportunities and challenges to the field of territorial planning. On the one hand, recent changes in economy, in the State and in the agenda of development demand new approaches and contents to this field of studies, ones that are able to help understanding the complex territorial network that supports the contemporary world and proposing new strategies and policies that respond to it. On the other hand, the absence of answers to today¿s questions, something common in contexts of crisis and paradigms change, amount to an important and needed opportunity to review and reconstruct theoretical and conceptual bases for the territorial planning in the present scenario. Our work seeks to contribute to such reexamining and to the construction of analytic frameworks that respond to contemporary challenges, departing from a critical review of the recent evolution of theories about territory and development, and the search for the identification of some bases for a new generation of scientific artifacts that befit them. Working from the articulations between theories and their transformation into policies guidelines along the time until today, in the international arena as well as in Brazil, our work throws light onto the insufficiencies of reflections and approaches that nowadays make up the field of territorial planning, and the need of elaborating an analytic apparatus that, bringing closer traditionally separated specialized disciplines ¿ dedicated to rural, environmental, urban or regional questions ¿ and articulating the different dimensions they prioritize ¿ economy, politics, society and environment ¿ are able to provide us with the basis needed to new views of the territorial dimension of contemporary development.

This reflective analysis of the Emirati public policy process (PPP) cycle and implications of uneven application of new public management (NPM) paradigms in the UAE offers insight into the way that public administrations develop, learn, evolve, and cope with new challenges during the policy development process. The author also assesses the relationship between organizational learning and organizational practices, to generate practical knowledge and experience that is translated into recommendations that will benefit UAE government organizations, and indeed any public sector organization in the Gulf Region. Inside action research was chosen to emphasize the author's dual role as both a researcher and a participant. As an advisor to both the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) of the UAE and the Abu Dhabi Police (ADP), the author helped both organisations improve their PPP experiences while researching the challenges, learning, and adaptations which occurred while policy was being developed within the MOI. The author generated data through reflective memos, informal interviews, and document analysis, and presents her findings in terms of both academic findings and practice-oriented recommendations. The author primarily found that new models were necessary to reflect the highly flexible and authority-oriented UAE PPP cycle. The author also explored how cultural understandings led to challenges with NPM and learning in the UAE public administration, hindering policy development. Finally, the author found that her own position, as a female expatriate in the Emirati government, allowed for some valuable reflection about experience of serving in a Global South public administration.

In dieser Dissertation wird der Einfluss von Transaktionen zur Wiederverwendung von Nährstoffen und gereinigtem kommunalen Abwasser auf die Wertschöpfungsketten der Abwasserbehandlung und Pflanzenproduktion untersucht. Ziel ist es, Kosten und Nutzen sowie die Wertschöpfung von Transaktionen in verknüpften Wertschöpfungsketten der Abwasserbehandlung und Pflanzenproduktion zu analysieren. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, wie Transaktionen und Interdependenzen zwischen Akteuren in verknüpften Wertschöpfungsketten die lokalen Governance-Strukturen für die Wiederverwendung von Abwasser beeinflussen. Die Analyse wird hauptsächlich durch das Wertschöpfungskettenkonzept, das Konzept der Kreislaufwirtschaft und die Theorie der Transaktionskostenökonomie geleitet. Mit verschiedenen Methoden, wie der Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse, der Wertschöpfungskettenanalyse und der Transaktionskostenanalyse, werden zwei Fallstudien in Deutschland untersucht: (1) die Fällung von Struvit (Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphat) und dessen Verwendung als Dünger in Berlin-Brandenburg und (2) das Modell der landwirtschaftlichen Abwasserwiederverwendung in Braunschweig. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Wiederverwendung von Nährstoffen und Abwasser zu geringeren Kosten für die Abwasserbehandlung, höherer Rentabilität und Wertschöpfung in der Pflanzenproduktion und zu einem hohen Anteil an regionaler Wertschöpfung führen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen aber auch, dass die Wiederverwendung von Abwasser zu Einschränkungen, Verdrängungseffekten und Veränderungen in der Verteilung der Wertschöpfung führen kann. Des Weiteren zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass differenzierte Governance-Strukturen erforderlich sind, um den unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften der Transaktionen zwischen Abwasserbehandlung und der Pflanzenproduktion gerecht zu werden. Interdependenzen zwischen Abwasseranbietern und Landwirten erhöhen den Bedarf an hybriden und hierarchischen Elementen in den Governance-Strukuren für die Wiederverwendung von Abwasser. / This dissertation explores the impact of transactions for reusing nutrients and treated municipal wastewater on the value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. It aims to analyze what costs and benefits and what added-value can result from transactions in linked value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. Furthermore, it aims to analyze how transactions and interdependences between actors in linked value chains shape the governance structures for reusing wastewater at the local level. The analysis is mainly guided by the value chain concept, the concept of the circular economy and the theory of transaction costs economics. Different methods including cost-benefit analysis, value chain analysis and transaction cost analysis are used to investigate two case studies located in Germany: (1) the precipitation of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) in the wastewater treatment plant in Waßmannsdorf and its application as fertilizer in Berlin-Brandenburg, and (2) the agricultural wastewater reuse scheme of the Wastewater Association Braunschweig. The results show that transactions for reusing nutrients and wastewater result in the development of linked regional value chains with lower costs of wastewater treatment, higher profitability and added-value in crop production, and a high share of regional added-value. However, the results also highlight that the reuse of wastewater can lead to restrictions (e.g., cultivation bans on certain crops), crowding out effects and changes in the distribution of the added-value. Furthermore, the findings suggest that different governance structures are needed to match the different properties of the transactions between wastewater treatment and crop production. Interdependences resulting from transactions between wastewater providers and farmers increase the need for hybrid and hierarchical elements in the governance structures for reusing wastewater.