Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:51:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_ja_me_rcla.pdf: 626452 bytes, checksum: 51cf467b51687648908b746cf47b9ebf (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este trabalho originou-se a partir de minhas práticas e observações em uma instituição particular franqueada de ensino no interior de São Paulo, cuja proposta investigativa permeou compreender sobre em que medida as tensões interdependentes no espaço e no tempo da sala de aula, (a estrutura organizacional, os pressupostos, os valores, as condições e metodologia de trabalho, os horários das aulas, as disciplinas, o nome da escola, a rede pela qual se vincula, e em especial o material apostilado sistematizado adotado), de uma escola particular franqueada instrumentalizam o olhar do professor auxiliando na compreensão de sua atividade docente. Como estas relações se constroem nas malhas de inter-relação e de que forma o professor percebe se a prática pedagógica eminentemente relacional de sua atividade pode ou não ser compreendida nestas tensões interdependentes, que se configura no conjunto de exigências adotado pela rede de franquia escolar. No tocante ao referencial teórico sociológico esta pesquisa tem focado, em especial, as obras de Norbert Elias quanto aos estudos da categoria de inter-relação entre indivíduo e sociedade concebidos como uma rede de funções interdependentemente. No que se refere à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa cuja intenção é coletar e avaliar dados por meio da aplicação de questionários junto a professores de Língua Portuguesa, especificamente os docentes de Técnicas de Redação que atuam nos terceiros anos do Ensino Médio e cursinho e pré-vestibular de uma escola particular franqueada. No que concerne à indicação junto aos docentes a escolha ocorreu em conseqüência destes profissionais manterem com os alunos um número acentuado de aulas, uma vez que as atividades de produções de texto, propostas pela instituição particular franqueada de ensino se aproximam das condições de produção do vestibular. / This paper is arisen from my own practices and sights in a private franchised school in the State of São Paulo. The investigative proposal allowed to see how interdependent tensions in the classroom space and time, (organizational structure, presuppositions, values, work environment, work methodology, classes schedule, subjects, school name, school head office, and specially the franchised material used), of a private franchised school give tools to the teacher in order to assist them in their activity comprehension. How these relations are constructed in interrelations net and how the teacher sees if the relational pedagogical practice in his/her activity can be understood in those tensions, what features in the franchised school requirements. In regard to social theoretical reference this paper has focused on Norbert Elias´ literature, with studies about interrelation category between subject and society with a view to net of functions in an interdependent way. This is a qualitative-based research, which intended to collect and evaluate data questionnaires that were applied for Portuguese, especially in writing techniques, teachers, who work with ending high school classes, and vestibular-guided courses, at a private franchised school. The teaching indication was defined due to the great number of classes teachers have in the high school.

For this study three questions are being studied. Question one: “How does the audio compressionaffect the perceived video quality?” Question two is somewhat reversed: “How does the texturedetail affect the perceived audio quality?” The final question follows: “How do the audiocompression and texture detail affect the perceived overall quality?” The experiment was done on 36different untrained listeners, whereof 2 didn’t give complete answers and were therefore notincluded in the results. In total the result was based on 34 test subjects. Subjects participating in theexperiment had to play through three levels, one level for each research question. In each levelsubjects evaluated the game’s different qualities. In one level only the texture detail changed (LevelVV), in the other only audio compression rate changed (Level AA) and in the third both audiocompression and texture detail changed (Level AV). The texture detail ranged from low to medium tohigh setting, while the audio compression had four different levels ranging from 49 kbit/s to 150kbit/s, in the compressed format of ogg vorbis. The result shows that subjects did not perceive animprovement in quality in either of the single quality tests, i.e. levels AA and VV. In the last level withmultiple changing stimuli (AV), subjects could identify the lower video quality from medium and high.Subjects also showed a significant difference in perceived overall quality in the AV level, subjectsshowed that they could identify a difference in audio quality better, when video quality was on thelow setting.

Le milieu du travail moderne est en transition de génération majeure couplée d'une pénurie de main-d'oeuvre liée au vieillissement de la population. Cette nouvelle réalité, combinée à la mondialisation des marchés, pousse les organisations à demander un niveau de rendement toujours plus élevé de leurs employés. À cet égard, une piste d'action souvent invoquée concerne le développement de l'engagement affectif des employés envers l'organisation pour laquelle ils travaillent. Il existe également d'autres cibles plus proximales sociales ou personnelles, envers lesquelles ils peuvent aussi être engagés, telles que les collègues, le superviseur, les clients et l'emploi lui-même. Les études montrent des relations positives entre l'engagement envers les cibles proximales, sociales ou personnelles, et l'organisation, sans toutefois préciser la direction de ces relations. C'est donc pour optimiser les pratiques des gestionnaires souhaitant maximiser l'engagement de leurs employés que nous avons vérifié 1. la direction des relations entre l'engagement affectif envers les cibles proximales et la cible distale (c.-à-d. l'organisation) d'engagement, 2. si les relations observées varient en fonction de la nature sociale ou proximale des cibles proximales et 3. la direction des relations entre l'engagement affectif envers les cibles proximales sociales et personnelles. Un échantillon longitudinal de 820 participants issus de deux milieux différents et ayant complété la version courte du questionnaire multidimensionnel d'engagement affectif en milieu de travail de Madore (2004), une fois par année pendant 3 ans, a été utilisé. Les résultats des analyses factorielles confirmatoires et des analyses prédictives reposant sur un modèle autorégressif croisé montrent que la direction des relations va clairement de l'engagement envers l'organisation vers l'engagement vers les cibles proximales, mais non l'inverse. De même, la direction entre les cibles proximales, va des cibles sociales vers les cibles personnelles (p.ex. les tâches), mais pas l'inverse. Ces résultats montrent donc qu'un gestionnaire désireux de maximiser l'engagement affectif des employés en milieu de travail aurait avantage à favoriser leur engagement envers l'organisation, en premier lieu, ainsi que la qualité sociale du milieu de travail des employés (afin de favoriser leur engagement envers diverses cibles sociales, dont le supérieur), plutôt que de tenter de maximiser leur engagement affectif envers leurs tâches précises (par exemple, par des pratiques d'enrichissement), n'ayant pas d'effet en cascade sur l'engagement affectif envers les autres cibles.

Ingatambo: A Strategic Site of Interregional Contact in Northern PerúThis paper presents the results of archaeological research in the Huancabamba Valley and excavations at the site of Ingatambo in the same valley, northern Perú. Although archaeological work in this extreme northern region of Perú, near the Ecuadorian border, are very infrequent, the area and its topographic setting, and especially the site of Ingatambo, are important for clarifying the cultural interrelationships between northern Perú and southern Ecuador. For such a reason, synthesizing data, provided by our project and the studies of the surrounding areas, this article presents a description of the cultural contact in this region through analysis of architectural sequences and the established chronology for the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of these interrelationships. / El presente artículo expone los resultados obtenidos durante la prospección arqueológica en el valle de Huancabamba y las excavaciones que se realizaron en el sitio arqueológico de Ingatambo, ubicado en dicho valle del norte del Perú, cercano a la frontera con Ecuador. Si bien los trabajos arqueológicos en esa región son escasos, los antecedentes de estudio de zonas cercanas y las condiciones topográficas permiten que el presente análisis considere a esta zona —y en especial al sitio arqueológico de Ingatambo— como un área muy importante para esclarecer la relación entre las diferentes regiones del norte del Perú y el sur del Ecuador. Por tal motivo, por medio de una síntesis de los datos proporcionados por la presente investigación y los antecedentes en territorios aledaños, se señalarán los puntos de contacto mediante la secuencia arquitectónica y la cronología establecida con el fin de contribuir a entender la dinámica de tal interacción.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONIDAS DISSERTACAO FINAL out 2010.pdf: 2391300 bytes, checksum: ad8e2c68e160ba7ddaacdd959035c6d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research proposes to examine the ecological and pastoral liturgy praxis in the Methodist Church. Praxis is the reflexive activity and the material of the human being. It is a transforming action from an ecological and pastoral in the public dimension of faith. It consists in the study of relationship that should exist between Liturgy and Ecology, and how the praxis can influence and articulate the development of an eco-liturgy, taking as reference the area of Methodist Church. The research is developed in three stages: At first, the theoretical concepts of liturgy, its history, changes and experiences of the human being in the celebrations linked to the elements of nature; second, the concepts of ecology, its crisis and its interrelations to the whole; third, the notes for a pastoral eco-liturgical praxis in the Methodist Church as a reference to create actions that raise awarenes, mobilize for the re-enchantment of spirituality, meaning of life and ecology, to produce hope in the face of social causes that relate to the whole life of human beings. The result will be a set of historical and theoretical references able to deconstruct, construct and reconstruct, in order to sustain a pastoral eco-liturgical praxis. Aiming to achieve a new hermeneutics of the subject, in that gives hope, and a new paradigm of God s reality questions in creation, in the society and the liturgical praxis of the church, in view of the public dimension of faith. The necessity that the human being has to be re-enchanted, recognized, learn to take care, to rebuild all that guarantees the possibility of life and sustainability on the planet. / Esta pesquisa propõe-se a analisar a práxis pastoral litúrgica ecológica na Igreja Metodista. A práxis é a atividade reflexiva e material do ser humano, é ação transformadora, para uma pastoral ecoliturgica na dimensão pública da fé. A pesquisa consiste em estudar a interrelação que deve existir entre Liturgia e Ecologia, a partir dos conceitos bilbicos e a forma como a práxis pode influir e se articular para o desenvolvimento de uma ecoliturgia na realidade atual, tendo como espaço de referência a Igreja Metodista. A pesquisa se desenvolve em três etapas: Na primeira analisa conceitos teóricos de liturgia, sua história, mudanças e experiências do ser humano nas celebrações ligadas aos elementos da natureza; Na segunda, os conceitos de ecologia, sua crise e suas inter-relações com o Todo. Na terceira, os apontamentos para uma práxis pastoral ecolitúrgica na Igreja Metodista, como referencial para criar ações que conscientizem, mobilizem, para o reencantamento da espiritualidade, do sentido da vida e da ecologia, a fim de produzir esperança, diante das causas sociais que dizem respeito à vida integral do ser humano. O resultado será um conjunto de referenciais históricos e teóricos capazes de desconstruir, construir e reconstruir, a fim de sustentar uma práxis pastoral ecolitúrgica. Com o objetivo de realizar uma nova hermenêutica do tema num novo paradigma para as questões da realidade, tendo em vista a dimensão publica da fé na relação de Deus na criação e a práxis da igreja na sociedade. Na necessidade que o ser humano tem de se reencantar, reconhecer, saber cuidar, reconstruir tudo que nos garante a possibilidade da vida e a sustentabilidade no planeta.

Orientador: Marilena Aparecida Jorge Guedes de Camargo / Banca: Débora Mazza / Banca: Aurea Maria de Oliveira / Resumo: Este trabalho originou-se a partir de minhas práticas e observações em uma instituição particular franqueada de ensino no interior de São Paulo, cuja proposta investigativa permeou compreender sobre em que medida as tensões interdependentes no espaço e no tempo da sala de aula, (a estrutura organizacional, os pressupostos, os valores, as condições e metodologia de trabalho, os horários das aulas, as disciplinas, o nome da escola, a rede pela qual se vincula, e em especial o material apostilado sistematizado adotado), de uma escola particular franqueada instrumentalizam o olhar do professor auxiliando na compreensão de sua atividade docente. Como estas relações se constroem nas malhas de inter-relação e de que forma o professor percebe se a prática pedagógica eminentemente relacional de sua atividade pode ou não ser compreendida nestas tensões interdependentes, que se configura no conjunto de exigências adotado pela rede de franquia escolar. No tocante ao referencial teórico sociológico esta pesquisa tem focado, em especial, as obras de Norbert Elias quanto aos estudos da categoria de inter-relação entre indivíduo e sociedade concebidos como uma rede de funções interdependentemente. No que se refere à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa cuja intenção é coletar e avaliar dados por meio da aplicação de questionários junto a professores de Língua Portuguesa, especificamente os docentes de Técnicas de Redação que atuam nos terceiros anos do Ensino Médio e cursinho e pré-vestibular de uma escola particular franqueada. No que concerne à indicação junto aos docentes a escolha ocorreu em conseqüência destes profissionais manterem com os alunos um número acentuado de aulas, uma vez que as atividades de produções de texto, propostas pela instituição particular franqueada de ensino se aproximam das condições de produção do vestibular. / Abstract: This paper is arisen from my own practices and sights in a private franchised school in the State of São Paulo. The investigative proposal allowed to see how interdependent tensions in the classroom space and time, (organizational structure, presuppositions, values, work environment, work methodology, classes schedule, subjects, school name, school head office, and specially the franchised material used), of a private franchised school give tools to the teacher in order to assist them in their activity comprehension. How these relations are constructed in interrelations net and how the teacher sees if the relational pedagogical practice in his/her activity can be understood in those tensions, what features in the franchised school requirements. In regard to social theoretical reference this paper has focused on Norbert Elias' literature, with studies about interrelation category between subject and society with a view to net of functions in an interdependent way. This is a qualitative-based research, which intended to collect and evaluate data questionnaires that were applied for Portuguese, especially in writing techniques, teachers, who work with ending high school classes, and vestibular-guided courses, at a private franchised school. The teaching indication was defined due to the great number of classes teachers have in the high school. / Mestre

Le littoral est en France le premier espace fréquenté pour des pratiques touristiques devant la ville, la montagne et l’espace rural. Cette attractivité pose la question de l’organisation et de la gestion des bords de mer dans un contexte de littoralisation des sociétés et de sensibilisation toujours plus importante des gestionnaires aux problématiques environnementales. Centrée sur une analyse micro-géographique de la plage en tant qu’espace récréatif, la thèse démontre et explique que l’organisation et le fonctionnement de cet espace, dépendent de logiques de l’interrelation et des attentes spatiales des usagers. Après un cadrage conceptuel, l’espace de pratique plage est analysé à travers les éléments qui caractérisent l’espace d’installation et la population de plageurs le fréquentant. Les dimensions cachées structurant les dynamiques et les formes de répartition des fréquentations sont ensuite abordées. Nous les analysons à l’échelle des individus et des groupes d’individus, puis à l’échelle de l’espace de pratique, à travers les distances entre les personnes et les densités d’occupation observées dans l’espace d’étude. La recherche aborde enfin la question des attentes spatiales sur la plage comme élément d’explication du fonctionnement de l’espace de pratique. Entre recherche de tranquillité ou de sociabilité, recherche d’espaces sauvages ou artificialisés, rapport ordinaire ou extra-ordinaire à la plage, cette thèse montre que les attentes spatiales jouent sur le choix des espaces d’installation et déterminent le niveau de confort et de satisfaction des pratiquants. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche permettent in fine de proposer un modèle de remplissage de la plage à destination des chercheurs et des gestionnaires. / In France, coastline is considered as a major area for tourism and leisure practices and is ranked before city, mountain and rural areas. This tourism attraction questions coastal areas organization and management in a context of coastline development and growing awareness of environmental issues among their managers. Focused on a micro-geographical approach analyzing beaches as recreation areas, this thesis demonstrates and explains that beaches organization and functioning depend on interrelation logics and spatial expectations of beachgoers. This research begins with a conceptual framework before analyzing the beach practice area through the positioning space and population of beachgoers. Later, it identifies hidden dimensions structuring beaches spatiotemporal dynamics distribution attendancy based on both individual, group and practice area scales. These dimensions are composed of geographic distances between users and beach occupation density. Finally, this research analyzes spatial expectations of beachgoers that explain the beach functioning. Between looking for tranquility or sociability, natural or urbanized areas, ordinary or extra-ordinary relation to beach areas, this work demonstrates that spatial expectations influence user’s attitudes and locations alongside beaches, and determine comfort and user’s satisfaction degree. Main results of this research are presented in a beach filling model directed to researchers and beaches' administrators.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This master thesis is linked to the Line of Research: Education, Knowledge and Professional Development of the Program of Post-graduationin Education (PPGE at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria). It is focused on the digital violence and interpersonal relationships between adolescents in school environment and as the main aim to investigate to what extent the possible actions of cyberbullying may impact a school ambience, considering how they think and act young people and their teachers. The specific research objectives are to identify predominant characteristics in individuals who suffer and/or practice violence of cyberbullying; to understand feelings present in individuals suffering and/or practice cyberbullying and analyze behavior of confront and survival strategies developed by cyberbullying teens and teachers. Therefore, we address the issue of cyberbullying under a different perspective, involving the virtual context and the school ambience, considering as individuals, students and teachers of a public school in the municipality of Santa Maria/RS. This is a qualitative research of a case study, using the mixed methods, which use quantitative and qualitative data in the same research. The research instruments were questionnaires and narrative interview. Interpretation of the data was performed by Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA), from the perspective of Moraes; Galiazzi (2007). The results were possible to study the characteristics of the individuals, as well targets and authors, as well as the consequences and feelings expressed by the study individuals. Furthermore, it allowed the understanding of the occurrence of cyberbullying fact reflected in interpersonal relationships and influence on school ambience. Finally, we hope that this study adds to the scientific literature about school violence, in order to broaden the thematic, addressing new aspects about cyberbullying, aiding in minimization process of the same, and contribute to the reflection of the contemporary school. / A presente dissertação está vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa: Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Tem como tema central a violência digital e as relações interpessoais entre adolescentes na ambiência escolar e como principal objetivo investigar em que medida as possíveis ações de cyberbullying podem repercutir na ambiência escolar, considerando como pensam e agem os adolescentes e seus professores. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa são: identificar características predominantes nos sujeitos que sofrem e/ou praticam a violência do cyberbullying; compreender sentimentos presentes nos sujeitos que sofrem e/ou praticam cyberbullying e analisar modos de enfrentamento e estratégias de sobrevivência ao cyberbullying desenvolvidos pelos adolescentes e professores. Diante disso, abordamos a problemática do cyberbullying sob uma ótica diferenciada, envolvendo o contexto virtual e também a ambiência escolar, considerando como sujeitos, alunos e professores de uma escola estadual do município de Santa Maria/RS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, recorrendo aos métodos mistos, os quais utilizam dados quantitativos e qualitativos na mesma pesquisa. Os instrumentos de investigação foram: questionários e entrevista narrativa. A interpretação dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), sob a ótica de Moraes; Galiazzi (2007). Os resultados possibilitaram estudar as características dos participantes, bem como dos alvos e autores, além das consequências e sentimentos expressos pelos participantes estudados. Além disso, este trabalho possibilitou a compreensão de que a ocorrência do cyberbullying de fato se reflete nas relações interpessoais e influencia na ambiência escolar. Por fim, esperamos que este estudo se agregue à produção científica sobre a violência escolar, no intuito de ampliar as temáticas, abordando novos aspectos acerca do cyberbullying, auxiliando no processo de minimização do mesmo, além de contribuir para a reflexão sobre a escola contemporânea.

The paper identifies the main features of environmental responsibility of enterprises of the metallurgical industry based on the analysis of the evolution of the concept of environmental responsibility of metallurgical enterprises, as well as the analysis of the etymology of the term "environmental responsibility of an industrial enterprise". On the basis of the conducted research of existing methods of environmental responsibility assessment, their main shortcomings were revealed: the relative complexity in their application, the availability of a basis of the research that is not available to a wide range of information, the presence of some subjectivity (including, in determining the weights ). With a view to eliminating them, a methodology for assessing environmental responsibility has been developed, characterized primarily by a statistical approach to determining weights of indicators (the method of pairing preferences), and by determining the relationship between the level of environmental responsibility and the level of economic development. The developed methodology was tested on the data of social reporting of the largest metallurgical enterprises. Namely: Norilsk Nickel and Severstal. The data presented in the reporting for the period 2012-2016 were investigated. The results of the study made it possible to determine that the level of environmental responsibility and the level of economic development of the enterprises under study is low. The results of the correlation analysis of the two integral indicators: economic development and environmental responsibility made it possible to conclude that there is a close relationship between the enterprise of Norilsk Nickel and the Severstal's tendency towards a weak inverse relationship, but to unambiguously confirm this trend You need a larger data set. / В работе определены основные особенности экологической ответственности предприятий металлургической отрасли на основе анализа эволюции концепции экологической ответственности металлургических предприятий, а также анализа этимологии термина «экологическая ответственность промышленного предприятия». На основе проведенного исследования существующих методик оценки экологической ответственности, были выявлены их основные недостатки: относительная сложность в их применении, наличие в своей основе не доступной широкому кругу информационной составляющей, положенной в основе исследования, наличие некоторого субъективизма (в том числе, в определении весовых показателей). С целью их устранения разработана методика оценки экологической ответственности, отличающаяся, прежде всего, статистическим подходом к определению весов показателей (метод парных предпочтений), а также определением взаимосвязи между уровнем экологической ответственности и уровнем экономического развития. Разработанная методика была апробирована на данных социальной отчетности крупнейших металлургических предприятий. А именно: ПАО «ГМК «Норильский Никель» и ПАО «Северсталь». Исследовались данные, представленные в отчетности за период 2012–2016 гг. Результаты исследования позволили определить, что уровень экологической ответственности и уровень экономического развития исследуемых предприятий является низким. Результаты корреляционного анализа двух интегральных показателей: экономического развития и экологической ответственности позволили заключить, что по предприятию ПАО «ГМК «Норильский Никель» существует тесная взаимосвязь, а по предприятию ПАО «Северсталь» обозначена тенденция к слабой обратной зависимости, но для её однозначного подтверждения обозначенной тенденции нужен больший массив данных.

The object of the thesis is soils that occur within the territory of Lithuania and may be used as basis for building foundations. The thesis studies the interpretation of the results of Dynamic Penetration Test (DPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) of soils, reliability of direct (number of blows (Nx)) and de-rivative (dynamic point resistance (qd)) DPT parameters, analyses the result influencing factors and interrelation between DPT and CPT parameters. The data analysis has been performed by means of mathematical methods of statistics, also using analytical and empirical solutions. Having examined calculation data it was determined that the indirect parameter of Dy-namic Penetration Test – dynamic point resistance (qd) should not be used due to calculation de-faults and replaced with the direct parameter – number of blows (Nx). The analysis of DPT re-sults influencing factors shows that the lateral overburden pressure together with friction of rods are those with the greatest impact on penetration data. Within the scope of the work, it has re-vealed that the number of blows (Nx) and static cone resistance (qc) are closely correlated and it depends on the grain size distribution of soil, geotechnical properties and depth of occurrence. / Disertacijos objektas yra Lietuvos teritorijoje slūgsantys gruntai, kurie gali būti statinių pamatų pagrindu. Disertacijoje nagrinėjama grunto tyrimo dinaminiu (DPT) ir statiniu (CPT) zondavimu rezultatų interpretacija, tiesioginio (smūgių skaičiaus (Nx)) ir išvestinio (dinaminės kūgio smigos (qd)) DPT rodiklių patikimumas, analizuojami rezultatus įtakojantys veiksniai ir sąsajos tarp DPT bei CPT zondavimo rodiklių. Duomenų analizė atlikta matematiniais statistiniais metodais, taip pat panaudojant analitinius ir empirinius sprendinius. Išnagrinėjus skaičiavimo duomenis buvo nustatyta, kad netiesioginis dinaminio zonda-vimo rodiklis – dinaminė kūgio smiga (qd) dėl skaičiavimo trukumų yra nenaudotinas ir keisti-nas į tiesioginį rodiklį – smūgių skaičių (Nx). DPT rezultatus įtakojančių veiksnių analizė paro-dė, kad zondavimo duomenims didžiausią įtaką turi gruntų šoninis geostatinis slėgis ir kartu zondavimo štangų trintis į gruntą. Darbo metu buvo gauta, kad egzistuoja tamprus koreliacinis ryšys tarp smūgių skaičiaus (Nx) ir statinės kūgio spraudos (qc), kuris priklauso nuo grunto gra-nuliometrinės sudėties, mechaninių savybių ir slūgsojimo gylio.