Este trabalho discute o uso da entrevista nos estudos do processo de criação artística. Procura examinar em que medida a conversação com um artista pode contribuir na abordagem de sua obra e como pode ajudar a contar a história da instauração dessa obra. Para tanto, são analisados os trabalhos Vista de Ararit, Quintino e Vaga em campo de rejeito e são entrevistados seus respectivos autores, os artistas plásticos Anico Herskovits, Jailton Moreira e Maria Helena Bernardes. / This paper discusses the use of the interview in the studies of the artistic creative process. It tries to examine to wich extent the conversation with an artist can contribute to the approach to his/her work and how it can be helpful to describe the work’s instauration history. In order to do that, the works Vista de Ararit, Quintino and Vaga em campo de rejeito will be analyzed and their respective artists, Anico Herskovits, Jailton Moreira and Maria Helena Bernardes, are interviewed.

Este estudo teve como objetivo desvelar a percepção de profissionais que atuam em Organizações de Procura de Órgãos sobre a entrevista familiar no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante. Para desvelar essa percepção optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa, na vertente fenomenológica, segundo a modalidade estrutura do fenômeno situado. Como forma de desvelar o fenômeno foram entrevistados dezoito profissionais, dos quais doze passaram a fazer parte do estudo. As entrevistas foram norteadas pelas questões: Fale sobre a entrevista familiar no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante considerando desde o preparo para a realização da entrevista até a decisão da família pela doação ou não; Fale sobre o significado da entrevista familiar no processo de doação; O que deve ser considerado na realização da entrevista familiar?; Fale sobre os fatores que facilitam e que dificultam a entrevista familiar?; Quais propostas você faria para o aprimoramento da entrevista?. Após a obtenção das descrições, os discursos foram analisados individualmente, sendo feita a análise ideográfica, resgatando os seguintes temas: Relatando o processo de entrevista; Atribuindo significado à entrevista; Apresentando os aspectos relevantes da entrevista; Apresentando os aspectos que facilitam a entrevista; Apresentando os aspectos que dificultam a entrevista; Identificando as características da entrevista; Identificando os aspectos relativos ao entrevistador; Identificando os aspectos relativos ao entrevistado; Identificando os aspectos relativos ao local da entrevista; Apresentando propostas para o aprimoramento da entrevista e Acrescentando outras considerações. Buscou-se desvendar, pela análise nomotética, as convergências e divergências das unidades de significado interpretadas, em direção à estrutura geral do fenômeno. As proposições que emergiram, revelaram que a entrevista familiar é uma etapa importante, pois trata da possibilidade da doação de órgãos e tecidos para salvar e/ou melhorar a qualidade de vida de pessoas que necessitam de um transplante, e é complexa, pois envolve aspectos relativos ao entrevistador, ao entrevistado, ao local da entrevista, além de questões éticas e legais evidenciando a necessidade de capacitação profissional para conhecer, identificar e lidar com fatores que facilitam e dificultam o diálogo com os familiares. / This study is aimed at revealing the perception of professionals who act in Organ Procurement Organizations on the family interview in the donation process of organs and tissues for transplant. In order to reveal such perception a qualitative research was chosen to be carried out, within the phenomenological side, according the situated phenomenon structure modality. In order to unveil the phenomenon, eighteen professionals were interviewed, out of whom twelve of them started to comprise the study. The interviews were guided by the questions: Talk about the family interview in the donation process of organs and tissues for transplant considering since preparation for holding of the interview up to the familys decision for donation or not; Talk about the meaning of the family interview in the donation process; What should be considered when holding the family interview?; Talk about the factors which make the family interview easy and difficult?; What proposals would you make to improve the interview process?. After obtaining the descriptions, the speeches were individually analyzed, with the ideographic analysis, restoring the following subjects: Reporting the interview process; Giving meaning to the interview; Presenting the relevant aspects of the interview; Presenting the aspects which make the interview easy; Presenting the aspects which make the interview difficult; Identifying the interview characteristics; Identifying the aspects related to the interviewer; Identifying the aspects related to the interviewee; Identifying the aspects related to the interview location; Presenting proposals to improve the interview and Adding other considerations. The purpose was unveiling, by the nomothetic analysis, the convergences and divergences of the interpreted meaning units, aimed at the general phenomenon structure. The propositions derived, showed that the family interview is a major stage, since it deals with the possibility to donate organs and tissues to save and/or improve the quality of life of people who need a transplant, and is complex, since it involves aspects related to the interviewer, the interviewee, the interview location, in addition to ethical and legal matters attesting the need for professional qualification to know, identify and deal with factors which make the dialogue with relatives easy and difficult.

Este trabalho discute o uso da entrevista nos estudos do processo de criação artística. Procura examinar em que medida a conversação com um artista pode contribuir na abordagem de sua obra e como pode ajudar a contar a história da instauração dessa obra. Para tanto, são analisados os trabalhos Vista de Ararit, Quintino e Vaga em campo de rejeito e são entrevistados seus respectivos autores, os artistas plásticos Anico Herskovits, Jailton Moreira e Maria Helena Bernardes. / This paper discusses the use of the interview in the studies of the artistic creative process. It tries to examine to wich extent the conversation with an artist can contribute to the approach to his/her work and how it can be helpful to describe the work’s instauration history. In order to do that, the works Vista de Ararit, Quintino and Vaga em campo de rejeito will be analyzed and their respective artists, Anico Herskovits, Jailton Moreira and Maria Helena Bernardes, are interviewed.

Esta pesquisa pretende ser um estudo em psicologia social sobre os caminhos e perspectivas de militância de estudantes do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo. A entrevista aberta com um roteiro norteador foi utilizada como método de pesquisa. Dois estudantes de graduação do Instituto de Psicologia da USP envolvidos de maneira profunda com algum tipo de militância estudantil foram entrevistados. O tema central destas entrevistas foi a militância e engajamento estudantil. A partir deste grande tema e de algumas perguntas norteadoras referentes à militância estudantil os entrevistados foram convidados a contar o percurso de envolvimento na militância estudantil. Os assuntos abordados pelos entrevistados foram divididos em três grandes eixos: Os caminhos: Onde relatam os fatos, memórias e lembranças pertinentes ao engajamento político que desembocaram na militância estudantil. A atuação: Contam aqui os caminhos percorridos na própria militância. Futuro e reflexões: Onde discorrem sobre a perspectiva de futuro para eles mesmos no movimento estudantil e na política em geral e trazem pensamentos e reflexões sobre a militância. A análise teórica dos relatos centra-se em acompanhar o percurso contado pelos militantes dentro de duas grandes perspectivas. A da memória e o do devir. A partir delas tentaremos mostrar as transformações de identidade dos entrevistados ao longo do caminho e as transformações conquistadas no espaço coletivo. Este estudo pretende contribuir para a reflexão da militância estudantil / This research intends to be a study in social psychology on the paths and perspectives of student militancy of the Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo. The open interview with a guiding script was used as a research method. Two undergraduate students from the Institute of Psychology at USP deeply involved in some kind of student activism were interviewed. The central theme of these interviews was militancy and student engagement. From this great theme and some guiding questions regarding student militancy, the interviewees were invited to tell the story of involvement in student militancy. The subjects addressed by the interviewees were divided into three main axes: The paths: Where they report the facts, memories and memories pertinent to the political engagement that led to student militancy. The performance: They count here the paths covered in the own militancy. Future and reflections: Where they discuss the perspective of the future for themselves in the student movement and politics in general and bring thoughts and reflections on militancy. The theoretical analysis of the reports focuses on following the path counted by the militants within two great perspectives. The perspectives of memory and of becoming. From these we will try to show the identity transformations of the interviewees along the way and the transformations conquered in the collective space. This study aims to contribute to the reflection of student militancy

Abstract By acknowledging pain as subjective and only fully perceived by the person in pain, the main aim of this study was to report on the use of qualitative child interviewing and drawings as a research method to elicit hospitalized children’s perceptions and descriptions of their pain experience. Further, the second aim was to contribute to the improvement of pain assessment and management in hospitalized children by approaching the question from the children’s point of view through their words and drawings. Forty-four children in four paediatric units in a university hospital participated in the study. The data were collected by means of qualitative interviews and thematic drawings. The interview data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The drawings were sorted into categories on the basis of contents, and cognitive competence and emotional disturbances by the Draw-A-Person procedure, and a comparison was made of the data from hospitalized children and healthy control groups. All the children had experienced pain in different situations while hospitalized. The pain experiences came from four main sources: 1. pain caused by a diagnosed basic illness, 2. pain caused by medical and diagnostic procedures and basic nursing, 3. pain caused by accidents, and 4. inexplicable pain not caused by a particular illness or injury and imaginary pain. In describing their pain, the children emphasized the multidimensional nature of pain and used a number of self-reported pain words to describe physical and psychic pain, as well as evaluative aspects of pain. The children had difficulties in finding positive aspects about pain. The drawings of the hospitalized children frequently depicted medical procedures, whereas the drawings of the healthy controls depicted more family relations. The hospitalized children showed a lower level of cognitive capacity, whereas the healthy control group children revealed a higher level of emotional disturbance. The variety of children’s responses to pain management suggests that children try and can alleviate their pain. The children reported their expectations of professional help and valued the care and attention provided by significant others. The findings provide research-based knowledge for carrying out research with children, and for healthcare professionals in their assessment and management of children’s pain in more holistic and child-centred way. Children’s competence to describe their pain supports encouraging their involvement as social actors in pain assessment and management in partnership with health care professionals and significant others. This has to be done with respect for their rights as individuals and the desire to give them a sense of ownership of what happens during hospitalization.

Background: Background: Supervision is one of the important tools to help people working in assisting professions. There are many literature on this subject, but it is a problem to find a clear specification of the notion of supervision where its limits go. For a person who does not know the supervisor, it is also good practice to know practical lessons for a better idea of how a supervisor really works. On the contrary, one who knows the supervisor might wish to extend his / her knowledge and compare it with his / her experience. Objectives: The main objective of the research was to provide theoretically available information on the concept of supervision and to compare this knowledge with experiences of supervisor. Another goal was to find out what they think they are supervising supervisors, how they think they are perceived, how they can be useful, and if at all. Finally, the third objective was to find out what viewers have on the current course of supervision. Methodology: The thesis was divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part completes the practical part and vice versa. In this qualitative research, semi- standardized rohovory was used. The sample was composed of 4 supervisors - three of the adiktological practice and one of the supervisor's practice in social...

To stem the spread of infectious diseases, epidemiologists use contact tracing interviews to identify individuals who may need treatment or, if indicated, quarantine or isolation. Given the high stakes, the most exhaustive list of potentially infected contacts must be reported. However, standard contact tracing procedures may fail to extract the most complete report possible from sick individuals. One of the most reliable methods for maximizing recall is the Cognitive Interview (CI). The CI uses several techniques grounded in psychological theory and was expected to increase the number of contacts listed during contact tracing interviewing compared to a standard contact tracing interview. In Study One, participants imagined they were infected with meningococcal meningitis, and reported every person with whom they had physical contact, shared saliva, or lived with over the previous three days (i.e., at a high risk for developing meningococcal meningitis). Participants were interviewed with either a CI or a standard interview. Results suggested that the CI generated 35% more total contacts listed, however, when examining only the contacts listed who would be at a high risk of meningococcal meningitis there was no significant difference between the CI and the standard interview. Study Two followed the same procedure as that in Study One, but added a manipulation of cognitive resources intended to model impairment experienced by individuals who are interviewed while suffering from acute illness. Participants completed (or did not complete) a working memory impairment task (pressed a spacebar on a keyboard every time 7 seconds passed) while reporting their physical contacts during either a CI or a standard interview. Results clearly demonstrated a superiority of the CI in generating both more total contacts and more contacts at a risk of meningococcal meningitis than the standard interview. However, when the working memory impairment task was completed, the CI generated no more contacts than the standard interview. Findings have serious implications for contact tracing interviewing for infectious diseases such as Ebola and Zika. In light of the findings, we recommend the CI be considered as an alternative to the typical contact tracing interview, particularly if the interviewee is not cognitively impaired.

Current US government risk assessment and management regulations and policies are based on a position that views risk as an objective measure of a predictable physiological morbidity or mortality outcome that is not otherwise connected to social or cultural beliefs and values. Whereas human health risk assessments are meant to determine the probability of adverse impacts from particular hazards, the conventional risk assessment framework fails to consider Native American definitions of health and so risk. This study was conducted with the Coast Salish Swinomish Indian Tribal Community of Washington State, where contamination of their aquatic natural resources has been found. By conducting two series of interviews with traditional high-use seafood consumers, experts and elders from the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, and by averting use of what I describe herein as ‘conventional’ fish consumption survey, the study allowed interviewees to provide a more complex narrative set of details and information that bestowed a much more accurate picture of the reasoning behind seafood consumption habits within the community. Among the more salient points that emerged from the interviews was that seafood represents a symbolic, deeply meaningful food source that is linked to a multi-dimensional ‘Swinomish’ concept of health. Yet drastic changes in access, harvest and consumption have occurred over time, and continue to this day. A health evaluation tool was also devised using simple descriptive scaled rankings to elucidate non-physiological health risks and impacts in relation to contaminated seafood. Findings demonstrate that community cohesion, food security, ceremonial use and knowledge transmission all play primary roles as concerns the Swinomish notions of health, and that these indicators are regarded as equally important when juxtaposed to physical indicators of health. Thus, to eat less seafood—as prescribed by current policy and decision-making procedures when contamination is present—is actually detrimental to the multi-dimensional concept of health as defined by the Swinomish. The evaluation tool may be used in conjunction with the conventional risk assessment framework to more accurately and comprehensively deduce risks and impacts. / Science, Faculty of / Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for / Graduate

Multicenter preclinical studies have been suggested as a method to improve potential clinical translation of preclinical work by testing reproducibility and generalizability of findings. In these studies, multiple independent laboratories collaboratively conduct a research experiment using a shared protocol. The use of a multicenter design in preclinical experimentation is a recent approach and only a handful of these studies have been published. In this thesis, I aimed to provide insight into preclinical multicenter studies by 1) systematically synthesizing all published preclinical multicenter studies; and 2) exploring the experiences of, barriers and enablers to, and the extent of collaboration within preclinical multicenter studies. In Part One, I conducted a systematic review of preclinical multicenter studies. The database searches identified 3150 citations and 13 studies met inclusion criteria. The multicenter design was applied across a diverse range of diseases including stroke, heart attack, and traumatic brain injury. The median number of centers was 4 (range 2-6) and the median sample size was 133 (range 23-384). Most studies had lower risk of bias and higher completeness of reporting than typically seen in single-centered studies. Only five of the thirteen studies produced results consistent with previous single-center studies, highlighting a central concern of preclinical research: irreproducibility and poor generalizability of findings from single laboratories. In Part Two, I performed semi-structured interviews with researchers who have been involved in a preclinical multicenter study. Braun and Clarkes’ thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes, and the extent of collaboration was evaluated using an established theory of collaboration developed by Wood and Gray. Twelve researchers from 6 studies were interviewed. Most participants indicated that funding and the culture of the scientific community were barriers, and that established relationships and transparency with collaborators were enablers to multicenter studies. Some participants felt that a harmonized protocol was optimal, while others stated that variability in the protocol across sites was more appropriate. Most participants indicated that multicenter studies had a purpose and place in preclinical research. My findings also suggest that multicenter preclinical studies may provide a method to robustly assess therapies prior to considering clinical translation. These insights will allow for more effective planning and execution of future preclinical multicenter projects and may support the development of best practices and guidelines.

Nicknamed "Mr. Bass Trombone" for his role as a prominent, trailblazing recording artist, George Roberts (b. 1928) has often been recognized as redefining the role of the bass trombone in popular music as well as setting new standards for technical refinement and expressive possibilities of the instrument. Through two interviews and a comparison between ten recorded performances by Roberts and corresponding lead sheets, I make observations about Roberts' performance techniques and illustrate various examples of those techniques. The document includes 35 pp. of interview transcriptions.