Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen der Radiofrequenzidentifikation (RFID) auf das Lieferkettenmanagement. Wir entwickeln mehrere ökonomische Modelle zur quantitativen Evaluation der RFID-Technologie und den strategischen Implikationen ihres unternehmensübergreifenden Einsatzes. Dabei wenden wir uns insbesondere folgenden Forschungsfragen zu: (i) Welcher ökonomische Wert kann durch den Einsatz von RFID entlang der Lieferkette realisiert werden? (ii) Welche ökonomische Anreize haben die Teilnehmer von Lieferketten, RFID gemeinsam zu nutzen? (iii) Welche innovativen Praktiken im Bereich des Lieferkettenmanagements wird RFID ermöglichen und was ist der jeweilige Nutzen? Im Gegensatz zu früheren Untersuchungen konzentrieren wir uns auf die Bestimmung des Informations- bzw. Transformationsnutzens von RFID auf der Einzelteilebene in der Lieferkette bestimmter Konsumgüter. Das erste Kapitel der Dissertation enthält die notwendigen Hintergründe über die Möglichkeiten der RFID Technologie und ihr erwarteter Einfluss auf das Lieferkettenmanagement. Das zweite Kapitel untersucht die strategischen Konsequenzen der Möglichkeit, den Güterfluss in Lieferketten auf der Einzelteilebene zu überwachen. Im dritten Kapitel veranschaulichen wir den Wert der durch RFID ermöglichten Sichtbarkeit von Produkten in Einzelhandelsfilialen wenn die logistischen Prozesse durch verschiedene Fehlerarten, speziell Fehlplatzierungen, Schwund und Transaktionsfehler, beeinflusst werden. Im vierten Kapitel quantifizieren wir den Wert von Bestandsreallokationen zwischen Einzelhandelsfilialen – eine Praktik, die durch den Einsatz von RFID auf der Einzelteilebene ermöglicht werden könnte. Das fünfte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle des Austauschs von Logistikinformationen im Kontext der Vorwärtsintegration. Kapitel sechs beschließt die Dissertation und bietet Hinweise für weitere Forschungsvorhaben im Bereich des Wertes von RFID und entsprechender Einführungsstrategien an. / This dissertation investigates the impact of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) on supply chain management. We develop several economic models that allow for a quantitative evaluation of RFID’s value and the strategic implications resulting from its inter-organizational use. Although the ongoing hype about RFID has lead to a high availability of general literature on RFID technology as well as numerous value propositions, the amount of quantitative research about RFID’s business value is still small. We address this research gap by investigating three research questions: (i) What economic value can be realized by deploying RFID along the supply chain? (ii) What economic incentives have supply chain participants to use RFID cooperatively? (iii) What innovative supply chain practices will RFID enable and what is their economic value? In contrast to earlier research, we constrain our research focus to the determination of the information and transformation value of item-level RFID in the supply chain of certain "high-impact" consumer products. The first chapter of this dissertation provides the necessary background about RFID’s capabilities and expected impact on supply chain management. The second chapter analyses the strategic consequences of being able to monitor the flow of goods in a supply chain on the item-level. The third chapter demonstrates the value of RFID-enabled visibility in retail stores if logistical operations are subject to certain kinds of error, in particular misplacements, shrinkage, and transaction errors. The fourth chapter investigates the value of item-level transshipments between retail stores – a practice that could be enabled by the use of item-level RFID. The fifth chapter deals with the role of logistical information sharing practices in the context of vertical integration strategies. Chapter six concludes the dissertation and provides hints for further research on RFID value and strategy.

[pt] Essa pesquisa pretende colaborar para um melhor entendimento da importância da governança e gestão de TI, à luz da Resource-based View, para vencer os modernos desafios que se impõem às organizações públicas brasileiras em sua missão institucional de oferecer uma prestação de serviços públicos aos cidadãos com qualidade, segurança e eficiência. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base nos dados coletados pelo TCU junto às 482 organizações que responderam ao Levantamento Integrado de Governança Organizacional Pública (iGov2017). Os dados foram tratados de forma quantitativa usando as técnicas multivariadas de análise de fatores e análise de cluster. Em seguida, comparou-se o desempenho dos quatro grupos formados, em termos de observância da legislação vigente no tocante à prestação de serviços públicos com qualidade. A pesquisa revelou que 47,7 por cento das organizações exibem níveis incipientes de governança e gestão de TI com impactos na qualidade da prestação de serviços públicos. Destacam-se negativamente os índices de gestão de riscos, gestão de níveis de serviço de TI e gestão da segurança da informação. Em contrapartida, 19 por cento das organizações revelaram níveis satisfatórios de resultados e maturidade de governança e gestão de TI. As evidências encontradas apontam uma correlação positiva entre a qualidade da governança e gestão de TI e os resultados finalísticos das organizações. Os resultados dessa pesquisa sugerem que uma orquestração multifacetada, harmônica e complexa, que assegure um alinhamento consistente e contínuo entre decisões estratégicas, alinhamento estratégico de TI, gestão de riscos, gestão e governança de TI, afeta decisivamente o desempenho das organizações brasileiras. / [en] This research aims to contribute towards a better understanding of the importance of IT governance and IT management, according to the Resource-based View, in order to overcome the modern challenges Brazilian public organizations face as part of their institutional mission of providing proper quality, secure and efficient public services to the citizens. The study was developed based on the data collected by the TCU from 482 organizations that responded to the Integrated Survey of Public Organizational Governance (iGov2017). The data was treated quantitatively using multivariate techniques such as common factor analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, a performance comparison of the concluding four groups was conducted, in terms of compliance with the current legislation regarding provision of high-quality public services. The survey revealed that 47,7 percent of the organizations exhibited incipient levels of IT governance and IT management with impacts on the quality of the public services provision. Indexes on risk management, IT service level management and information security management stood out negatively. On the other hand, 19 percent of the organizations showed satisfactory levels of results and maturity of IT governance and IT management. Evidence indicates that there is a positive correlation between the quality of IT governance and IT management and the targeted results of the organizations. The outcome of this research suggests that a complex, harmonious multifaceted orchestration that ensures a consistent and continuous alignment between strategic decisions, IT strategic alignment, risk management, IT governance and IT management decisively affects Brazilian public organizations performance.

The aim of this paper is to describe benefits of benchmarking IT in wider context and benchmarking scope at all. I specify benchmarking as a process and mention basic rules and guidelines. Further I define IT benchmarking domains and describe possibilities of their use. Best known type of IT benchmark is cost benchmark which represents only a subset of benchmark opportunities. In this paper, is cost benchmark rather an imaginary first step to benchmarking contribution to company. IT benchmark is not only a method for comparing IT efficiency, but also a way to better co-ordinate IT work with company strategy or make IT work more transparent for their customers. IT benchmark facilitates continual improvement not only to internal IT processes, but also to services that IT provides and in consequence to supported business services. Reader will further familiarize with practical example of IT process benchmark and with specifics in benchmarking of outsourced processes. It should be possible based on this paper to set strategic aims in benchmarking. And second, to run an initial IT process benchmark project.

This study empirically examines the impact of IT capability on firms' performance and evaluates whether firms' IT capabilities play a role in improving employee capability, customer value, customer satisfaction, and ultimately business performance. The results were based on comparing the business performance of the IT leader companies with that of control companies of similar size and industry. The IT leader companies were selected from the Information Week 500 list published annually from 2001 to 2004. For a company to be selected as IT leaders, it needed to be listed at least twice during the period. Furthermore, it had to be listed in the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) so that its customer satisfaction level could be assessed. Standard & Poor's Compustat and the ACSI scores were used to test for changes in business performance. The study found that the IT leaders had a raw material cost measured by cost-of-goods-sold to sales ratio (COGS/S) than the control companies. However, it found no evidence that firms' IT capability affects employee capability, customer value, customer satisfaction, and profit. An important implication from this study is that IT becomes a commodity and an attempt to gain a competitive advantage by overinvesting in IT may be futile.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-28T14:56:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Antônio Ricardo Monteiro Marin_.pdf: 5519237 bytes, checksum: 092df886e33eade7c0b83550a8c8939e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T14:56:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antônio Ricardo Monteiro Marin_.pdf: 5519237 bytes, checksum: 092df886e33eade7c0b83550a8c8939e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-14 / ESPM – Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing / Os investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação (TI) têm crescido nas últimas décadas, tanto em importância para as empresas, quanto em número de artigos publicados. Estudos acadêmicos demonstram a existência de falhas na tomada de decisão de investimentos em TI, dificuldades para o entendimento dos fatores de adoção da TI na justificativa de investimentos, inabilidade das análises para identificar os impactos intangíveis da TI e a lacuna existente no entendimento das relações entre fatores de adoção da TI e benefícios gerados para a organização. Nesse contexto, nesta pesquisa propõe-se a identificar e analisar as relações entre os fatores de adoção da TI e os benefícios intangíveis percebidos pelos gestores da organização. Para alcançar esse objetivo foi desenvolvida uma revisão da literatura envolvendo os conhecimentos relacionados ao processo de investimento em TI e aos benefícios intangíveis gerados para a organização. Foram identificados os fatores de adoção da TI relacionados às pessoas; ao ambiente da empresa; à TI, com a estratégia organizacional; e aos benefícios esperados da TI. Os benefícios intangíveis percebidos pelos gestores da organização foram relacionados, no ambiente externo, aos clientes; concorrentes; fornecedores; produtos e serviços, e no ambiente interno, aos funcionários; processos organizacionais; e informação e comunicação. O estudo foi desenvolvido através da realização de estudos de casos múltiplos em três empresas do ramo do varejo de moda que possuem uma administração central e uma rede de lojas. No total foram realizadas 24 entrevistas, sendo nove entrevistas episódicas, baseadas em um guia de entrevista, para identificar os fatores de adoção da TI que participaram do processo para a realização do investimento em TI, e mais 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas para identificar os benefícios intangíveis percebidos pelos gestores de cada uma das áreas da organização. Os resultados revelam o surgimento de novos fatores de adoção da TI e também a não ocorrência de fatores de adoção da TI, considerando-se os fundamentos teóricos examinados. A percepção dos executivos das organizações analisadas demonstra que muitos benefícios intangíveis constantes na estrutura conceitual não foram confirmados e ainda surgiram novos benefícios intangíveis não mencionados pelos autores analisados. Foram identificadas relações entre os fatores de adoção da TI e os benefícios intangíveis percebidos relacionadas aos seguintes fatores de adoção da TI: interesse dos tomadores de decisão, estrutura e suporte organizacional, processos e controles organizacionais, apoio aos objetivos estratégicos, alinhamento da TI com a estratégia e benefícios esperados da TI. A pesquisa oferece evidências que o interesse dos tomadores de decisão na realização dos investimentos em TI é percebido pela maioria dos gestores da organização; os objetivos estratégicos previstos são percebidos após a realização dos investimentos; os benefícios intangíveis esperados da TI são diferentes dos benefícios intangíveis percebidos pelos gestores da organização; os gestores com menor tempo na empresa percebem menos benefícios intangíveis gerados em relação aos gestores mais antigos na empresa. As evidências encontradas possibilitam que os executivos possam entender melhor o processo de investimento em TI através da identificação da relação entre os fatores de adoção da TI com os benefícios intangíveis percebidos e gerados para a organização. / Information Technology (IT) investments have grown in recent decades, both in importance for companies and in number of published articles. Academic studies show the existence of failures in decision-making on IT investments, difficulties in understanding the IT adoption factors in justification of investments, inability of analysis to identify the intangible impacts of IT and the gap in the understanding of the relation between IT adoption factors and benefits generated for the organization. In this context, this research proposes to identify and analyze the relation between IT adoption factors and intangible benefits perceived by the organization's managers. In order to achieve this goal it was developed a literature review involving the knowledge related to the process of IT investment and the intangible benefits generated for the organization. The IT adoption factors related to people; to the company’s environment; to IT with organizational strategy; and to expected benefits of IT were identified. Intangible benefits perceived by the organization's managers have been related in the external environment, to customers; competitors; suppliers; products and services, and in the internal environment to the employees; organizational processes; and information and communication. The study was developed by conducting multiple case studies in three companies in the fashion retail industry that have a head office and a shop network. In total 24 interviews were conducted, where nine of those were episodic interviews based on an interview guide to identify the IT adoption factors that participated in the process for the realization of IT investment, and plus 15 semi-structured interviews to identify the intangible benefits perceived by managers of each organization area. The results reveal the emergence of new IT adoption factors and also the non-occurrence of IT adoption factors, considering the theoretical foundations examined. At the analyzed organizations, the executives’ perception shows that many intangible benefits contained in the conceptual framework have not been confirmed. However new intangible benefits not mentioned by the authors emerged. Relations between IT adoption factors and the perceived intangible benefits related to the following IT adoption factors were identified: interest of decision makers; structure and organizational support; processes and organizational controls; supporting the strategic goals; IT alignment with the strategy, and expected IT benefits. The research provides evidence that the decision makers’ interest in the achievement of IT investments is perceived by the majority of the organization's managers; the expected strategic aims are realized after accomplishment of investments; expected intangible benefits of IT are different from intangible benefits perceived by the organization managers; managers with less time in the company realize less intangible benefits generated compared to senior managers in the company. The found evidences enable executives to better understand the process of investment in IT by identifying the relation between IT adoption factors with the intangible benefits perceived and generated for the organization.

Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-06-10T16:45:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100692.pdf: 3539597 bytes, checksum: 49a2150b74e5119c2d61894e84192a6f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-06-10T17:13:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100692.pdf: 3539597 bytes, checksum: 49a2150b74e5119c2d61894e84192a6f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-06-10T17:15:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100692.pdf: 3539597 bytes, checksum: 49a2150b74e5119c2d61894e84192a6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-10T18:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71070100692.pdf: 3539597 bytes, checksum: 49a2150b74e5119c2d61894e84192a6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-09 / The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of the information technology (IT) usedecisions over IT performance. There is a great need to justify the investments in this area and an expectation to promote superior performance from the use of IT resources and capabilities. Therefore, it is important to clarify the IT value and role in the firms. Changes and high velocity marketing contexts are major challenges to environmental organizations. In this sense, the IT use decisions should be able to mobilize IT resources and capabilities to respond to organizational environment changes and IT performance should be evaluated for their contribution to business processes, rather than to try linking on a direct relationship to overall performance in which many variables obscure the real IT value. This study is based on resource-based view of the firm (RBV), dynamic capabilities and complementarities of organizational resources. Two guidelines are proposed for IT use decisions. The first one is driven by IT reconfigurability and complementary capabilities. The second one is driven by IT infrastructure, personal and partnerships assets. The performance is evaluated by the IT use competences in terms of aspects of their functionality and market requirements relative to IT process. This empirical investigation assessed its goal considering a sample of professionals responsible for IT decision making and planning in Brazilian organizations. Datas were analyzed through partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). The main results indicated strong and significant effects of capabilities-oriented IT use decisions over their assets-oriented. It was revealed that personal assets-oriented IT use decisions are the ones that influence the performance of IT funcionality competences. Finally, it was evident the importance of IT use decisions treatment as a dynamic capability even without the influence of the moderating effect of the turbulence of organizational environment. The main scholarly contributions are filling the gap of decisions involving the use of IT, its performance on process level within the organizational context of Brazil, and theoretical use of the resource-based view of the firm and dynamic capabilities as background able to promote IT value. Among the main contributions to professional practices stands out to take in account of reconfigurability and complementarity capability of IT resources in their use decisions along with other organizational resources so that they can get a better process performance. The study shows promising future researches in assessing the IT value and development of measures and constructs more appropriate to its evaluation. / O objetivo principal do estudo é verificar os efeitos das decisões do uso da tecnologia da informação (TI) no seu desempenho. Existe uma grande necessidade de justificar os investimentos realizados nessa área e uma expectativa de promover um desempenho superior com o uso dos recursos e capacidades da TI. Portanto, é importante esclarecer o seu valor e o seu papel nas organizações. Mudanças e contextos mercadológicos de rápidas transformações são grandes desafios ao ambiente das organizações. Nesse sentido, as decisões do uso da TI devem ser capazes de mobilizar os recursos e capacidades da TI para responder às mudanças do ambiente organizacional e o desempenho desse uso deve ser avaliado pela contribuição aos processos de negócio, ao contrário de insistir numa relação direta ao desempenho geral em que muitas variáveis ofuscam o real valor da TI. O estudo fundamenta-se na visão baseada em recursos da firma, nas capacidades dinâmicas e na complementaridade dos recursos organizacionais. São propostas duas orientações para as decisões do uso da TI. A primeira orientada pelas capacidades de reconfigurabilidade e complementaridade da TI. A segunda orientada pelos ativos de infra-estrutura, pessoal e parcerias. O desempenho é avaliado pelas competências do uso da TI em relação aos aspectos de sua funcionalidade e de mercado, em nível das exigências do seu processo. O estudo avaliou empiricamente seu objetivo numa amostra de profissionais responsáveis pela tomada de decisão e planejamento de TI em organizações brasileiras. Os dados foram analisados através da modelagem de caminhos por mínimos quadrados parciais. Os principais resultados apontaram fortes e significantes efeitos das decisões do uso da TI orientadas pelas capacidades sobre as decisões orientadas pelos ativos de TI. Revelou-se que as decisões orientadas pelos ativos de pessoal são as únicas que influenciam o desempenho das competências de funcionalidades da TI. Por último, foi evidenciado a importância do tratamento das decisões do uso da TI como uma capacidade dinâmica mesmo sem influência do efeito moderador da turbulência do ambiente organizacional. As principais contribuições acadêmicas são o preenchimento da lacuna que envolve as decisões do uso da TI, seu desempenho em nível de processo dentro do contexto organizacional brasileiro e o usoteórico da visão baseada em recursos da firma e das capacidades dinâmicas como pano de fundo capaz de promover o valor da TI. Dentre as principais contribuições para a prática profissional destaca-se a consideração das capacidades de reconfigurabilidade e complementaridade dos recursos de TI nas decisões do seu uso junto aos demais recursos organizacionais para que se possa obter um melhor desempenho dos processos. O estudo aponta pesquisas futuras promissoras na avaliação do valor da TI e no desenvolvimento de medidas e construtos mais apropriados para sua avaliação.

The interest in business benefits is an area that is constantly growing, especially in regard to the development of IT systems. As a result of this, it may be important to study the phenomenon and identify which factors and components are important for an organization to investigate when implementing a new IT system. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate organizational value creation during the implementation of a new IT system. This is done by studying system X and discovering its potential effects, as well as capturing relevant factors and describing their relationships to an organization. To investigate this area, we have conducted a qualitative case study that is consistently grounded in data. The data that we have collected throughout the work has been obtained from semi-structured interviews with daily users, as well as developers of system X. The primary findings for this study that have been discovered are mainly five factors that can affect business benefits. The overarching theme that has emerged is that communication is a large part that permeates most factors, although there are other important aspects that contribute to understanding business benefits.