The evidence from the literature suggests that Information Technology adoption (IT) governance in organisations is still a challenge. The diversity of application and the ever-increasing use of IT results in making decisions on IT adoption a major challenge for organisations. The decision about using a particular technology from an organisational perspective is problematic since individual users have different worldviews. The implicit assumption in IT adoption literature is that stakeholders always reach consensus during IT adoption decision making in organisations. This study explored the existing models and frameworks in order to develop a preliminary improved IT adoption governance framework. This study used a case study sequential explanatory mixed methods research approach to validate the preliminary IT adoption governance framework. The first validation phase of the framework was done using a quantitative approach followed by the second validation phase based on qualitative interviews. The last validation was done after integrating the quantitative and qualitative results to produce the refined framework. The results suggest that the developed framework may improve IT adoption governance in organisations. The results showed that the framework components facilitate IT adoption governance in organisations. The results also suggest that the components have an association with each other except for the Technology Acceptance Model component. The results indicate that stakeholder participation and hard systems thinking components have a strong predictive impact on IT governance framework component perception in organisations. The study results suggest that IT adoption decision makers need to balance different stakeholders’ demands during IT adoption decision making in organisations. The framework helps in that regard by reconciling different stakeholders’ demands through collective IT adoption decision making. The strength of the framework is its integration of theories from various disciplines in understanding stakeholder expectations. On that basis the framework is in a better position to offer more insight into understanding challenges of IT adoption decision making than existing frameworks and models. The framework offers a potentially valuable basis for future research in IT adoption decision making in organisations. The results suggest that the framework may facilitate IT adoption in organisations using different components. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information systems)

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-28T14:56:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Antônio Ricardo Monteiro Marin_.pdf: 5519237 bytes, checksum: 092df886e33eade7c0b83550a8c8939e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T14:56:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antônio Ricardo Monteiro Marin_.pdf: 5519237 bytes, checksum: 092df886e33eade7c0b83550a8c8939e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-14 / ESPM – Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing / Os investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação (TI) têm crescido nas últimas décadas, tanto em importância para as empresas, quanto em número de artigos publicados. Estudos acadêmicos demonstram a existência de falhas na tomada de decisão de investimentos em TI, dificuldades para o entendimento dos fatores de adoção da TI na justificativa de investimentos, inabilidade das análises para identificar os impactos intangíveis da TI e a lacuna existente no entendimento das relações entre fatores de adoção da TI e benefícios gerados para a organização. Nesse contexto, nesta pesquisa propõe-se a identificar e analisar as relações entre os fatores de adoção da TI e os benefícios intangíveis percebidos pelos gestores da organização. Para alcançar esse objetivo foi desenvolvida uma revisão da literatura envolvendo os conhecimentos relacionados ao processo de investimento em TI e aos benefícios intangíveis gerados para a organização. Foram identificados os fatores de adoção da TI relacionados às pessoas; ao ambiente da empresa; à TI, com a estratégia organizacional; e aos benefícios esperados da TI. Os benefícios intangíveis percebidos pelos gestores da organização foram relacionados, no ambiente externo, aos clientes; concorrentes; fornecedores; produtos e serviços, e no ambiente interno, aos funcionários; processos organizacionais; e informação e comunicação. O estudo foi desenvolvido através da realização de estudos de casos múltiplos em três empresas do ramo do varejo de moda que possuem uma administração central e uma rede de lojas. No total foram realizadas 24 entrevistas, sendo nove entrevistas episódicas, baseadas em um guia de entrevista, para identificar os fatores de adoção da TI que participaram do processo para a realização do investimento em TI, e mais 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas para identificar os benefícios intangíveis percebidos pelos gestores de cada uma das áreas da organização. Os resultados revelam o surgimento de novos fatores de adoção da TI e também a não ocorrência de fatores de adoção da TI, considerando-se os fundamentos teóricos examinados. A percepção dos executivos das organizações analisadas demonstra que muitos benefícios intangíveis constantes na estrutura conceitual não foram confirmados e ainda surgiram novos benefícios intangíveis não mencionados pelos autores analisados. Foram identificadas relações entre os fatores de adoção da TI e os benefícios intangíveis percebidos relacionadas aos seguintes fatores de adoção da TI: interesse dos tomadores de decisão, estrutura e suporte organizacional, processos e controles organizacionais, apoio aos objetivos estratégicos, alinhamento da TI com a estratégia e benefícios esperados da TI. A pesquisa oferece evidências que o interesse dos tomadores de decisão na realização dos investimentos em TI é percebido pela maioria dos gestores da organização; os objetivos estratégicos previstos são percebidos após a realização dos investimentos; os benefícios intangíveis esperados da TI são diferentes dos benefícios intangíveis percebidos pelos gestores da organização; os gestores com menor tempo na empresa percebem menos benefícios intangíveis gerados em relação aos gestores mais antigos na empresa. As evidências encontradas possibilitam que os executivos possam entender melhor o processo de investimento em TI através da identificação da relação entre os fatores de adoção da TI com os benefícios intangíveis percebidos e gerados para a organização. / Information Technology (IT) investments have grown in recent decades, both in importance for companies and in number of published articles. Academic studies show the existence of failures in decision-making on IT investments, difficulties in understanding the IT adoption factors in justification of investments, inability of analysis to identify the intangible impacts of IT and the gap in the understanding of the relation between IT adoption factors and benefits generated for the organization. In this context, this research proposes to identify and analyze the relation between IT adoption factors and intangible benefits perceived by the organization's managers. In order to achieve this goal it was developed a literature review involving the knowledge related to the process of IT investment and the intangible benefits generated for the organization. The IT adoption factors related to people; to the company’s environment; to IT with organizational strategy; and to expected benefits of IT were identified. Intangible benefits perceived by the organization's managers have been related in the external environment, to customers; competitors; suppliers; products and services, and in the internal environment to the employees; organizational processes; and information and communication. The study was developed by conducting multiple case studies in three companies in the fashion retail industry that have a head office and a shop network. In total 24 interviews were conducted, where nine of those were episodic interviews based on an interview guide to identify the IT adoption factors that participated in the process for the realization of IT investment, and plus 15 semi-structured interviews to identify the intangible benefits perceived by managers of each organization area. The results reveal the emergence of new IT adoption factors and also the non-occurrence of IT adoption factors, considering the theoretical foundations examined. At the analyzed organizations, the executives’ perception shows that many intangible benefits contained in the conceptual framework have not been confirmed. However new intangible benefits not mentioned by the authors emerged. Relations between IT adoption factors and the perceived intangible benefits related to the following IT adoption factors were identified: interest of decision makers; structure and organizational support; processes and organizational controls; supporting the strategic goals; IT alignment with the strategy, and expected IT benefits. The research provides evidence that the decision makers’ interest in the achievement of IT investments is perceived by the majority of the organization's managers; the expected strategic aims are realized after accomplishment of investments; expected intangible benefits of IT are different from intangible benefits perceived by the organization managers; managers with less time in the company realize less intangible benefits generated compared to senior managers in the company. The found evidences enable executives to better understand the process of investment in IT by identifying the relation between IT adoption factors with the intangible benefits perceived and generated for the organization.

Digitaliseringen av revisionsbranschen har varit ett omdiskuterat ämne, vilket beror på att branschen har genomgått stora förändringar under de senaste åren. Digitaliseringen har påverkat hur uppgifter utförs och hur problem tas an, vilket har och kommer innebära en förändring av samhällets olika delar. Sedan tidigare har det forskats på vilka faktorer som påverkar användningen av revisionsverktyg bland revisionsbyråer och revisorer, däremot mindre ur en svensk synvinkel. Syftet med denna studie är således att identifiera och bekräfta eller dementera tidigare forsknings funna faktorer som påverkar användningen av revisionsverktyg, samt testa dessa faktorers tillämpbarhet i Sverige. För att undersöka studiens syfte har en kvantitativ ansats använts med hjälp av en webbaserad enkät som har skickats ut till svenska revisionsbyråer. Hypoteserna i studien är baserade på den redan existerande forskningen. Studien utgår från Technology-Organization-Environment ramverkets tre kontexter, den tekniska, organisatoriska och miljömässiga. Faktorerna som undersöktes under respektive kontext var IT-kunskap, uppmuntran och standarder. Resultatet indikerar att det finns faktorer som påverkar användningen av revisionsverktyg även i en svensk kontext. Studien kan påvisa att uppmuntran och standarder har en signifikant påverkan på användningen. Det finns emellertid ett fortsatt behov av att forska vidare på ämnet då följande studies förklaringsgrad visar på en liten variation i användningen av verktygen. / The digitalisation of the audit profession has been a discussed topic due to the major changes in the industry in recent years. The digitalisation has affected how tasks are performed and how problems are addressed, which has caused changes in different parts of society. Factors that influence the use of Computer Assisted Audit Tools (CAATs) have previously been researched, but less in a Swedish context. The purpose of this study is to identify and confirm or deny previous factors found to affect the use of CAATs as well as the applicability of those factors in Sweden. To examine the purpose of the study a quantitative approach was used with the help of a web-based survey, sent out to Swedish auditing firms. The hypotheses in this study are based on previous research in the field. The study is based on the three contexts of the Technology-Organization-Environment framework, the technical, organisational and environmental context. The factors that were examined under each context were IT-knowledge, encouragement and standards. The result indicates that there are factors that affect the use of CAATs in a Swedish context. The study proves that encouragement and standards have a significant impact on the use of the tools. However, there is a continuing need to research the subject further as the degree of explanation in the analysis shows a small variation in the use of the tools.

We developed a prototype information system with an integrated expert system for headache patients. The FITT (fit between individual, task and technology) framework was used to evaluate the prototype health information system and to determine which deltas to work on in future developments. We positively evaluated the system in all FITT dimensions. The framework provided a proper tool for evaluating the prototype health information system and determining which deltas to work on in future developments.

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

The evidence from the literature suggests that Information Technology adoption (IT) governance in organisations is still a challenge. The diversity of application and the ever-increasing use of IT results in making decisions on IT adoption a major challenge for organisations. The decision about using a particular technology from an organisational perspective is problematic since individual users have different worldviews. The implicit assumption in IT adoption literature is that stakeholders always reach consensus during IT adoption decision making in organisations. This study explored the existing models and frameworks in order to develop a preliminary improved IT adoption governance framework. This study used a case study sequential explanatory mixed methods research approach to validate the preliminary IT adoption governance framework. The first validation phase of the framework was done using a quantitative approach followed by the second validation phase based on qualitative interviews. The last validation was done after integrating the quantitative and qualitative results to produce the refined framework. The results suggest that the developed framework may improve IT adoption governance in organisations. The results showed that the framework components facilitate IT adoption governance in organisations. The results also suggest that the components have an association with each other except for the Technology Acceptance Model component. The results indicate that stakeholder participation and hard systems thinking components have a strong predictive impact on IT governance framework component perception in organisations. The study results suggest that IT adoption decision makers need to balance different stakeholders’ demands during IT adoption decision making in organisations. The framework helps in that regard by reconciling different stakeholders’ demands through collective IT adoption decision making. The strength of the framework is its integration of theories from various disciplines in understanding stakeholder expectations. On that basis the framework is in a better position to offer more insight into understanding challenges of IT adoption decision making than existing frameworks and models. The framework offers a potentially valuable basis for future research in IT adoption decision making in organisations. The results suggest that the framework may facilitate IT adoption in organisations using different components. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information systems)

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados. / Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

Au cours des dernières années, les communautés virtuelles de patients se sont énormément développées sur l'Internet. Ces communautés permettent des échanges fréquents entre les patients, qui peuvent partager des informations liées à la santé dans un environnement interactif. Alors que beaucoup s'accordent sur l'opportunité représentée par ces communautés pour ses utilisateurs, les connaissances sur ce qui détermine l'action collective en ligne des patients ainsi que sur les fondamentaux de l'action collective en ligne dans ces espaces virtuels sont relativement peu développées. En conséquence, ce travail doctoral examine les raisons pour lesquelles les patients interagissent entre eux et comment ils procèdent. En nous appuyant sur le modèle du comportement orienté vers un but, la théorie de la valeur de l'attente, la théorie des forces du champ, les concepts de dons et les interviews menées, nous avons développé un modèle qui examine les interactions en ligne des patients dans un contexte d'action collective en ligne. Une approche multi-méthode, qualitative et quantitative, permet d'explorer les interactions des patients et de mesurer les déterminants de l'action collective en ligne sur ces espaces virtuels. L'analyse qualitative de 54 entretiens menés avec des patients, des proches de patients, des professionnels de la santé 2.0, des médecins et des soignants permet d'affiner le modèle de recherche, qui a ensuite été testé au travers d'une enquête quantitative auprès de 269 patients. Cette recherche contribue à la recherche en systèmes d'information en augmentant nos connaissances sur la dynamique individuelle et les interactions qui entourent les communautés de patients en ligne. / Over the last few years, virtual patients’communities have been developing tremendously over the Internet. These Web 2.0 communities allow frequent interactions among patients, who can share health-related information within an interactive environment. While many agree on the opportunity represented by those communities for its users, we know very little about what determines patients’ online collective action, specifically on virtual communities as well as the fundamentals of online collective action in these virtual spaces. Accordingly, this doctoral work examines why patients interact with others and how they interact on topics related to their disease through these virtual communities. Drawing on the goal-directed behavior (MGB), the expectancy-value (EVT) theories, the field force theory, gift concepts and field interviews, we have developed a model for examining patients’ online interactions and identified gift-giving behaviors in the context of online collective action. A multi-method, qualitative and quantitative approaches, enables us to explore patients’ interactions and measures the determinants of online collective action on these virtual spaces. The qualitative analysis of 54 interviews conducted with patients, patient’s relatives, Health 2.0 professionals, doctors and caregivers allows refining the research model, which has then been tested through a survey handled with 269 patients, members of patient’s communities. This research contributes to IS research by increasing our knowledge regarding the individual dynamics and interactions that surround online patients’ communities.

We developed a prototype information system with an integrated expert system for headache patients. The FITT (fit between individual, task and technology) framework was used to evaluate the prototype health information system and to determine which deltas to work on in future developments. We positively evaluated the system in all FITT dimensions. The framework provided a proper tool for evaluating the prototype health information system and determining which deltas to work on in future developments.