Inom de närmsta decennierna kommer depression att rankas som den näst största sjukdomen globalt sett. Det är av största vikt att sjuksköterskan har kunskap om hälsofrämjande åtgärder under depression och arbetar förebyggande för att kunna möta och hantera denna utmaning. Därför var syftet med denna litteraturstudie att belysa hälsofrämjande åtgärder hos personer med depressiva symtom. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes systematiskt i databaserna Pubmed, Cinahl och PsychInfo. Det resulterade i 18 artiklar som svarade mot syftet. I resultatet framkom tre teman: alternativa kommunikationskanaler, utbildning och fysisk aktivitet. Webb och IT som en kommunikationskanal mellan patient och vårdgivare hade positiva effekter vid depression, i form av symtomlindring och ökad följsamhet till läkemedel. Strukturerad utbildning och kunskap ledde till ökad förståelse och lindring av symtom samt att åtgärder inspirerade av kognitiv beteendevetenskap bidrog till symtomlindring. Vårdguider och arbetsböcker användes som hjälpmedel till egenvård. Fysisk aktivitet lindrade depressiva symtom för vissa men mest för dem där träning ingick i program som bestod av flera delar. Hälsofrämjande åtgärder före och under depression bör vara sammansatta, strukturerade och individanpassade. Det finns ett behov av forskning kring hur sjuksköterskor kan ha terapeutiska relationer till patienten via webben då det tillhör framtidens vård.

This study examines the link between managerial competencies and Information Systems outsourcing (ISO) project success under different types of outsourcing relationships. At present, ISO is a multi-billion dollar industry, and has spawned a new industry related to the management of outsourcing contracts. At the micro-level, ISO offers firms economic, strategic, and technical benefits. Various academic and industry publications have observed the critical importance of managerial competencies in influencing ISO project success. Yet, research that investigates the relationship between managerial competencies and ISO project success is scant. In this study, we developed a theoretical model along with a set of propositions that can be empirically tested. The model and propositions are based on theories that stem from economics (Transaction Cost Economics and Agency Theory), strategic management (core competence, and Resource-based View), and social (Relational Exchange Theory and Social Exchange Theory) perspectives. We also proposed an investigation framework utilizing the case study approach to guide future empirical studies. Our theoretical model and propositions indicate different patterns of managerial competencies for the client and vendor project managers within the different types of ISO relationships. Apart from an empirical study based on our theoretical model and propositions, future research can adapt and/or extend the model to study knowledge residing in other project stakeholders such as project directors, or to study other outsourcing context such as offshore outsourcing projects.

This study was motivated by the researcher's, as well as his superior's, concern that a fundamental area of business, information technology investment and evaluation, continues to be problematic for many organisations. The lack of an integrated and methodical approach to the problem, as well as the fragmented research done to date on the effective measurement of IT-business-value, amplified the need for this study. The main objective of this study was to propose a new, more comprehensive model of the dimensions constituting IT-business-value, as well as related measures. The resultant ITIEM model dimensions were designed into a practical and holistic ITIEM methodology, intended to aid practice with: * Demonstrating how IT investments can enable measurable IT business-value * Determining which IT investments will yield the most IT-business-value for the organisation; and * Ensuring that IT investments and business initiatives support each The study has also endeavoured to contribute to the growth of knowledge by raising new problems, mapping out a program for future research on ITIEM, and putting 1 "Dimensions" refers to "groupings" of IT-business-value measures. forward a benefits framework that is verifiable by empirical observation, with the use of both case studies as well as action research. The study design includes: 1) A literature survey to identify the dimensions of IT-business-value, to identify the measures of IT-business-value, and to identify a candidate starting ITIEM methodology that is most comprehensive, addressing the most relevant measures of IT-business-value. This information is used to produce a draft case study protocol. 2) A single, exploratory pilot case study of a South African bank and a resultant revised case study protocol. 3) A cross-case analysis of a multiple case study of five South African banks (including the pilot) yielding a draft ITIEM model. 4) A cross-case analysis of three Australian banks, further enhancing the draft ITIEM model; and a cross-country comparison of the South African and Australian banks. The multiple case studies within South Africa and within Australia represent literal replications, while the cross-country comparison represents theoretical replication. 5) The existing ITIEM methodology selected in (1) is revised to reflect the draft ITIEM model and a new hybrid ITIEM methodology is proposed. 6) This hybrid ITIEM methodology is implemented and revised with action research resulting in the final ITIEM methodology and final ITIEM model.

Diss. Stockholm : Tekn. högsk., 2001.

Zugl.: München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2007

Bachelor-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2005.

Vision is computationally challenging because objects in the real world can change in size, position, viewpoint etc., and therefore cast a myriad images on the retina. Viewpoint changes are particularly challenging because new features can appear or disappear and existing features can be stretched or compressed. Even though humans are adept at recognizing objects across changes in viewpoint, the underlying neural representations are poorly understood. The goal of this thesis is to investigate viewpoint invariant object representations in the brain using recordings of single neurons in monkey visual cortex, and using behavioural experiments in humans. This thesis summarizes the results from a series of six experiments in which we recorded the responses of single neurons in the monkey inferior temporal cortex, an area critical for object recognition. In Experiment 1, we recorded neural responses to objects across two views and elucidated the dynamics of viewpoint invariance and the factors that modulate it. We observed a dramatic transition from view dependence in the early part of the neural response to view invariance in the later part. In Experiment 2, we investigated the effect of silhouetting and inversion on view invariance. In Experiment 3, we generalized our findings to multiple viewpoints and characterized view invariance for impoverished non-generic viewpoints and mirror views. In Experiment 4, we compared the magnitude and dynamics of viewpoint invariance with other known identity-preserving transformations such as size, position and rotation. In Experiment 5, we demonstrate that IT neurons potentially encode object features even after they rotate out of view. In Experiment 5, we demonstrate a generalization of view invariance, whereby neurons can decouple patterns across non-rigid surface changes. Taken together, our results reveal a dynamic picture of how view invariant representations are constructed in the brain to enable complex perceptual inferences.

Frågeställning och syfte Syftet med studien är att synliggöra hur företag arbetar för att främja intraprenörskapet hos sina medarbetare, med två tillhörande problemformuleringar. Vilka faktorer är avgörande för att främja intraprenörskapet inom IT-branschen? Hur påverkar idégenerering, ledarskap och kultur intraprenörskap?   Teori Det teoretiska kapitlet är uppbyggt efter intraprenörskap, idégenerering, ledarskap och kultur vilket utgör grunden för studien.   Metod Denna studie har inriktat sig mot en kvalitativ metod med ett deduktivt synsätt, som inneburit semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fem ledande befattningshavare inom IT-branschen.   Resultat Det som framkommit av studien är att vissa aspekter har en avgörande roll för intraprenörskapet. Medarbetarna måste först och främst vara förändringsbenägna, dessutom ska det finnas möjlighet för medarbetarna att framföra kreativa idéer som hanteras internt på företaget. Detta ska med fördel genomföras med ett delegerande ledarskap. Slutligen ska företagskulturen vara öppen och det ska föras en kontinuerlig diskussion kring förändringar och möjligheter mellan medarbetare och ledare. / Purpose and problem formulations The purpose of this study has been to demonstrate the way in which companies work to promote intrapreneurship amongst their employees. We focused on two related problem formulations to conduct this study. The first being factors that are crucial for promoting intrapreneurship in the IT-Industry, and the second being how idea generation, leadership, and culture affect intrapreneurship.   Theory The purpose, and basis, for this study is idea generation, leadership, and culture, which formed the theoretical chapter.   Method This study focused on qualitative research with a deductive approach. Included in the study are five semi-structured interviews with various senior executives in the IT-industry.   Result The result of the study found that certain aspects play a crucial role for the intrapreneur. Employees must first and foremost be change-oriented. In addition there should be opportunities for employees to come up with creative ideas that are managed internally at the company. This should be done with delegated leadership. Finally, the corporate culture must be open, as this will harbor an environment for discussion in both change and opportunity between employees and their leaders.

Just as the Internet did before, mobile information technology (IT) is radically changing the way we interact with the world. Already there have been many innovative applications of this technology based on the unique attributes of mobiles. IT companies and IT service providers rely on meaningful and provable information about the influence of technical possibilities and the views of IT experts on consumer needs. The purpose and objectives of this research are to investigate the influence of mobile IT solution design and architecture on consumer behaviour related to a specific business area – the German financial market and services industry. The main research question was: “What shapes the development of mobile IT applications?” In thisresearch, the focus was on the technical context; that means the key drivers of the technological development, as they are named (in alphabetical order): efficiency, engagement, flexibility, security, simplicity, and visibility. The literature review identifiedthe factors influencing technology development and related these to the consumer behaviour theory. The research methodology is based on the phenomenological approach in which the ‘lived' experiences were described from the perspectives of interviewees'. Qualitative data were gathered related to the key drivers to understand what kind of influence factors are taking effect. Based on the assumption that IT experts will provideessential and significant inputs regarding the technical aspects, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted. From the in-depth expert interviews, the key elements (variables) were determined and a conceptual framework was evolved with respect to literature and with the aim of answering the research question. Based on the findings from field data, the framework forms a foundation for a retrospective analysis to study the influence factors and to emerge remarkably consistent patterns that influence the development of mobile solutions. Furthermore,the proposed framework provides the basis to describe the effect of technological development on an existing information system theory. The thesis closes the gap left by the lack of a technical point of view in recent literature. This research identified consumer opinions and behaviours from the perspective of IT experts with regard to the perceived values and usability of mobile IT. The contribution to practice is that this study will bring together the technical viewpointand the viewpoints of consumers. In addition, this study will provide a set of recommendations to clarify interactions between the architecture and design of mobile IT and the consumer behaviour.

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