In this study we examined co-workers experiences of having a previous colleague as their leader, which is relatively common. We made qualitative interviews with six social welfare administrators who had been through this situation at work. The questions had been concentrated at how they were affected by the previous relationship, what expectations they had, and their view of how the business had been handled by their leader. The result of these interviews has then been connected to two leadership theories. The conclusion of the study was that the experience of the situation differs. One negative experience that emerged was that the leader had a hard time letting go of the roll as a colleague, which in turn made a few co-workers feel bad about how some co-workers were favoured and others not. Some of the commented expectations were to receive a more specific job-competent leader from outside, a leader who could raise and advance the activity at work, along with expectations of treating all co-workers equally. An opinion that the leader was always looking for consensus has emerged which wasn't always perceived positive, another wish was that the leader also has to be able to make own decisions. Everyone experienced a great involvement in the activities and the leadership was also experienced to have been democratic.

Bakgrund: För företag är alla ekonomiska aspekter viktiga, dit hör medarbetarnas hälsa som kan bli en stor kostnadspost. I dagens samhälle ökar stress och depression från arbetsplatsen trots gedigna kunskaper inom ämnet. Syfte: Studiens syfte är belysa kopplingen mellan medarbetarskap och arbetshälsa. Teori: Studien har sin utgångspunkt ur medarbetarskap och arbetshälsa. Tidigare forskning inom arbetshälsa har kopplats till medarbetarskapshjulet för att studera om något av medarbetarskapets fyra begreppspar kan förklara arbetshälsa i högre grad än något annat begreppspar. Metod: Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en enkät där antalet respondenter uppgick till 83 individer. Tidigare forskning har gjort det möjligt att koppla svaren från enkäten till möjliga påverkande faktorer för arbetshälsa inom medarbetarskap. Analys: I resultatet framkommer att det finns många faktorer som har samband med arbetsglädje. Det visade sig att kommunikation, samhörighet, relationer, uppskattning och utveckling har starka samband med den arbetsglädje som medarbetarna upplever. För faktorn stress visades samband med förtroende för chefen och kontroll. Slutsats: Medarbetarskap är ett bra redskap för att förhindra arbetsohälsa. Då arbetshälsa är komplext och många faktorer för arbetshälsa påverkar varandra bör inga av medarbetarskapets begreppspar bortses ifrån. / Background: For companies are every economic aspect essential. One aspect is the workplace health that employees feel whom can be a big cost. In our society is stress and depression increasing despite extensive knowledge in the topic for workplace health. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to illustrate the connection between followship and workplace health. Theory: The study has it starting point from followship and workplace health. Previous research in the topic for workplace health have been related to the wheel of followship to study if one of the four factors in followship can explain workplace health more than the other factors. Method: The empirical material have been collected from a quantitative research in form of a survey, is was 83 participants who responded. Previous research and literature have made it possible to relate the answers from the survey to factors affecting workplace health in the strategy of followship. Result: The result show that there are many factors that influence workplace happiness. It showed that communication, affinity, relations, appreciation and personal development have connections with workplace happiness. Factors that influence in stress is trust in the manager and control of the workday. Conclusion: Followship is a good tool to prevent workplace related illnesses. Workplace health is a complex topic and many factors for workplace health affect each other, therefore should none aspect of followship be ignored.

<p>In this study we examined co-workers experiences of having a previous colleague as their leader, which is relatively common. We made qualitative interviews with six social welfare administrators who had been through this situation at work. The questions had been concentrated at how they were affected by the previous relationship, what expectations they had, and their view of how the business had been handled by their leader. The result of these interviews has then been connected to two leadership theories. The conclusion of the study was that the experience of the situation differs. One negative experience that emerged was that the leader had a hard time letting go of the roll as a colleague, which in turn made a few co-workers feel bad about how some co-workers were favoured and others not. Some of the commented expectations were to receive a more specific job-competent leader from outside, a leader who could raise and advance the activity at work, along with expectations of treating all co-workers equally. An opinion that the leader was always looking for consensus has emerged which wasn't always perceived positive, another wish was that the leader also has to be able to make own decisions. Everyone experienced a great involvement in the activities and the leadership was also experienced to have been democratic.</p>

Interest in flexible work arrangements has proliferated in the last years, fuelled by technological advancements that allow people to work from anywhere at any time. This systematic literature review explores the impact of flexibility in time and place of work on intra-group relations and subsequent effects on group-level outcomes. Findings suggest that flexibility in place of work has positive effects on employee-supervisor relationships but negative effects on co-worker relationships. Although teleworkers remain well connected to their co-workers and overall workgroup communication does not appear to change, informal socialisation processes are affected. Knowledge sharing and creation is subsequently challenged. Furthermore, managers of mixed workgroups face issues of fairness and justice as well as challenges of creating and maintaining group cohesion when some of their employees are not always present. However, little is known of how flexibility in time of work impacts intra-group relations and group outcomes from groups containing flexible workers have not been explored. This paper therefore identifies significant gaps in the literature and presents opportunities for further research.

Studiens syfte var att få en ökad förståelse av vilka kommunikativa förmågor som är viktigast för att kunna påverka medarbetares kompetensutveckling på arbetsplatsen. Genom intervjuer med arbetsledare har undersökningen sökt svar på frågan; Vilka kommunikativa förmågor är enligt arbetsledare viktigast för att kunna påverka medarbetares kompetensutveckling på arbetsplatsen? Undersökningen är genomförd utifrån en kvalitativ narrativ metod beskriven av Bryman (2008). Med utgångspunkt från Matthew &amp; Sutton (2017) beskrivning av narrativa genomgångar, jämförs och kontrasteras empirin med tidigare forskning och ämnets teoretiska ramverk löpande i analysen. Resultatet visar att viktigaste kommunikativa förmågor är; inkänna, föra dialog, situationsanpassa, vara närvarande, samt förklara och motivera. Vidare identifierade även strategier och aktiviteter; stötta och pusha, glädje att dela med sig, uppvisa tillgänglighet och planering inför kommunikation med medarbetare. Genom att använda kommunikativa förmågor, strategier och aktiviteter kan önskvärda mål hos arbetsledarna anses vara; skapa tillit, bidra till motivation och förebygga motstånd hos medarbetarna.

Bakgrund: Enligt en studie av Svensk Handel (2015) ökar konsumenters krav på företagens hållbarhetsarbete. Första december 2016 trädde en ny lag om hållbarhetsrapportering i kraft (Årsredovisningslagen, SFS 1995:1554). Den innebär att stora bolag blir tvungna att upprätta en hållbarhetsrapport för att redovisa vad företaget gör för social och miljömässig hållbarhet. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att bidra till förståelse för hur företag kan använda sin hållbarhetsrapport som ett strategiskt styrmedel för att motivera medarbetare att arbeta mot en mer miljömässigt hållbar organisation. Metod: Studien utgår ifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv och en abduktiv ansats. En kvalitativ metod har använts med fallstudie på IKEA Linköping och nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med chefer på varuhuset, hållbarhetskoordinator och medarbetare på operativ nivå. Slutsats: Hållbarhetsrapporten kan användas som informationsdokument för att göra medarbetarna medvetna om vad företaget gör för miljömässig hållbarhet och för att göra hållbarhet till ett kärnvärde inom organisationen genom kultur, produkter och arbetsrutiner. Stolthet om företagets insatser gör dem motiverade att arbeta mer mot miljömässig hållbarhet. Använd hållbarhetsrapporten som huvudkälla för information och gör informationen relevant för medarbetarna för att undvika informationsöverflöd. Involvera medarbetarna och utforma lokalt relevanta mål utifrån hållbarhetsrapportens globala mål. / Background: According to a report from Svensk Handel (2015) consumers requirements on swedish companies’ sustainability work increases. The first of December 2016 a new law about sustainability reporting came into force (Årsredovisningslagen, SFS 1995:1554). The law requires big companies to execute a sustainability report to show what the company does for social and environmental sustainability. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to contribute with understanding about how companies can use their sustainability report as a strategic management control tool to motivate co-workers to work for a more sustainable organisation. Research method: The study is based on a hermeneutical perspective and an abductive approach. A qualitative method has been used together with a case-study at IKEA Linköping and nine semistructured interviews with managers at the store, the sustainability coordinator and co-workers at the operating level. Conclusion: The sustainability report can be used as a document for information to make the co-workers aware of the environmental sustainability work the company does, but also to make environmental sustainability to a core value within the organisation. Pride of the company’s work makes the co-workers motivated to work more with environmental sustainability. Use the sustainability report as a main source for information and make the information relevant for the co-workers to avoid information overload. Involve the coworkers and use the global goals in the sustainability report to set targets that are relevant for the local business.

This dissertation examined the relationship between the antecedents and consequences of employee engagement in a defense acquisition organization. The objective of this study as to determine whether or not the eight satisfaction facets of the Index of Organizational Reactions (IOR) (1976) could be used as antecedents, engagement and consequences constructs in place of the antecedents, engagement and consequences constructs of the Saks (2006) model of employee engagement. This study used the following three research questions: 1) Are the antecedents of the IOR (kind of work, amount of work, physical work conditions, supervision and financial rewards) related to employee engagement constructs (company identification and co-workers)? 2) Are the antecedents of the IOR model (kind of work, amount of work, physical work conditions, supervision and financial rewards) related to consequences (career future)? 3) Are the employee engagement constructs (company identification and co-workers) related to consequences (career future)? This study utilized the Index of Organizational Reactions (1976) to sample a defense acquisition organization (N = 177) to assess the proposed empirical model. The quantitative data from the study was used to perform Pearson correlation on 17 hypotheses. All hypotheses were supported and indicated positive relationships were present among the variables representing the antecedents, engagement and consequences constructs of the empirical model. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis was utilized as was done in previous studies performed by Dunham, Smith and Blackburn (1977) and Lee (1984). After the initial component matrix was obtained, a varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization was applied and indicated that the same factors that were found in the Dunham et al. and Lee studies were found in this research, providing additional confirmation for the original validation of the IOR. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also used in this research and the results indicated that gender was a significant effect on the results of this study. This study also utilized qualitative responses to the survey items to provide additional data to determine whether or not there were common themes amongst the comments and whether or not the comments were in agreement with the quantitative responses. Results indicated that further study is needed in the areas of supervision, kind of work, co-workers, physical work conditions and career future.

Arbete och hälsa är centrala ämnen i dagens samhälle och det ställs högre krav på anpassning och flexibilitet för människorna idag. Minskade ekonomiska resurser och omstruktureringar skapar osäkerhet i samhället och dess befolkning vilket i sin tur ger utslag på folkhälsan (Folkhälsoinstitutet, 1999). Tidigare forskning inom området har visat att miljön på vår arbetsplats i hög grad kan påverka individens hälsa då en stor del av livet tillbringas i just arbetsmiljön. Upplevelser och känsla av sammanhang, ledarskap, motivation och stress är viktiga faktorer, som gör att jag vill belysa denna problematik, som finns inom detta område. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilken betydelse ledarskap/ledarstilen har på medarbetarnas motivation och stress inom deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Material och metod som användes var av kvalitativ karaktär i form av intervjuer. Materialinsamlingen genomfördes på ett medelstort serviceföretag inom flygbranschen i södra Sverige med 150 anställda varav sju intervjuer genomfördes. Resultatet ifrån denna studie visade att medarbetarna upplever att ledarens ledarstil har en inverkan på medarbetarnas motivation och stress inom den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Slutsatsen blev att ledarens ledarstil bör situationanpassas efter rådande förhållanden då de anställda arbetar i en händelserik miljö som kräver god kommunikation, information samt en ledare, som arbetar aktivt inom den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Genom att tillämpa ovanstående faktorer ökar individens arbetsmotivation och stressorerna i arbetsmiljön kan minskas. / Work and health are central subjects in today’s society and today people are faced with higher expectations on being flexible and able to adapt to new situations. A constraint on resources and restructuring creates uncertainty in society and for its population which in turn inflicts on the general public health (Folkhälsoinstitutet, 1999). Past investigations within this area show us that the environment at work can highly influence the individuals’ health because of all the time that we spend in that environment. Experience, sense of coherence, leadership, motivation and stress are all factors that play a big role in this part and that’s what I want to highlight and discuss in this study. The aim of this study is to investigate the meaning of the leadership on co-workers motivation and stress in their psychosocial working environment. The material and method used was qualitative interviews. The data collection was done at a midsized private service company in the airline industry in southern Sweden with 150 employees and seven interviews were done. The result of this study showed that the co-workers believed that the leadership had an influence on their motivation and stress factors in their psychosocial working environment. The conclusion of this study was that the style of leadership should be customised for the current situation since the employees work in a hectic environment which requires good communication skills, information and a leader which actively works on psychosocial working environment issues. By applying the factors mentioned above the leader will increase the employee’s motivation and the negative stress related factors in the work environment will decrease.

Forskningsfrågor - Vilka ledarskapsbeteenden uppvisar chefer under medarbetarsamtal? - På vilket sätt kan chefernas beteende i medarbetarsamtalet förklaras med hjälp av aktuella ledarskapsteorier? Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka ledarskapsbeteenden som chefer manifesterar under medarbetarsamtalet, för att bidra med en fördjupad kunskap kring detta fenomen. Studien använder sig av en teoretisk referensram som grundar sig i etablerade ledarskapsteorier som används för att analysera chefers beteende inom kontexten av medarbetarsamtal, för att undersöka om de etablerade teorier kan förklara dessa beteenden i denna specifika kontext. Metod Studien klassas som en explorativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Tematisk analys med metaforer används som analyseringsmetod. Slutsats I studien har flera beteenden upptäckts som har kategoriserats i tre distinkta metaforer. Dessa metaforer är Guiden, Medlaren och Vårdaren. De tre metaforerna tolkas innebära olika tillvägagångssätt som ledare utnyttjar för att öka ägarskap och eget ansvar av prestation hos sina medarbetare. Medarbetarsamtalet i sig blir en sorts avfyrningsramp varifrån ledare kan sätta tonen för prestationer och medarbetarnas ägarskap av dem i framtiden. Detta kan vara ett enkelt sätt att minska behovet av kontroll och styrning av medarbetare i övrigt. / Research questions - What leadership behaviours do managers' exhibit during performance appraisals? - In what way can the managers' behavior in the employee interview be explained with the help of current leadership theories? Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate what leadership behaviors managers manifest during performance appraisals, to contribute with an in-depth knowledge of this phenomenon. This study uses a theoretical frame of reference based on established leadership theories used to analyze managers’ behavior within the context of performance appraisals, to investigate whether the established theories can explain these behaviors in this specific context. Method This is an exploratory study with semi-structured interviews as data collection method. Thematic analysis with metaphors is used as an analysis method. Conclusion In the study, several behaviors have been discovered that have been categorized into three distinct metaphors. These metaphors are the Guide, the Mediator and the Caretaker. The three metaphors are interpreted to include different approaches that leaders use to increase ownership and personal responsibility of performance in their employees. The employee conversation itself becomes a kind of launching pad from which leaders can set the tone for performance, and employee ownership of it, in the future. This can be a simple way to reduce the need for control and management of employees in general.

Studiens syfte är att skapa djupare förståelse för hur organisationsförändring, som grundats i en kris (pandemin Covid-19), påverkar ledarskap såväl som medarbetare inom detaljhandelsbranschen. En fallstudie med mixad metod med en deduktiv ansats har genomförts för att skapa en djupare förståelse för uppfattningen kring organisationsförändring grundat i pandemin. Studien baseras på en mixad forskningsmetod för att få både djup och bredd på respondenternas svar. Fem kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts och en enkät skickades till ett urval av organisationens 162 medlemmar. Teorier kopplat till detaljhandel i kris saknas, än mindre forskning finns kring detaljhandeln i pandemi. Studiens teoretiska referensram har fokuserats kringorganisationen, ledarskapet, medarbetaren i organisationsförändringar, kommunikation samt lärdomar och nyskapande, samtliga relaterat till kris. Teorier har insamlats och analyserats från 22 vetenskapligt granskade artiklar. En större organisation idetaljhandelsbranschen har undersökts för att utforska hur de har arbetat medorganisationsförändringar under pandemin Covid-19. Studien presenterar resultat från de semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomförts med ledare och enkäten som skickats ut till organisationens medarbetare och ledare. Enkäten som skickades till organisationens medlemmar besvarades av totalt 50 respondenter varav 36 Medarbetare, sju Ledare med personalansvar, fem Ledare utan personalansvar och två Annat. Enkätens data analyserades med univariat och bivariat statistik samt undersöktes både enskilt och via index. Det har identifierats att kommunikation, rutiner, krisberedskap och uppföljning är viktiga delar som till stor del påverkar hur kriser likt pandemin hanteras inom en organisation. Medarbetare har påverkats under pandemin genom ändrade arbetssätt, ökad arbetsbörda och vissa fått helt nya arbetsområden. Detta har påverkat medarbetarnas syn och inställning till organisationen. Ledarskapet har påverkats under pandemin genom att ledarskapet har fokuserats kring medarbetarnas välmående i större utsträckning jämfört med öka fysisk försäljning. Genom pandemin krävs ett närvarande och empatiskt ledarskap med mer anpassning till medarbetarnas behov. När pandemin är över är medarbetarna en avgörande faktor för att återuppbygga organisationen. Genom att tillvarata de lärdomar som skapats under pandemin skapas utökad social hållbarhet. / The purpose of the study is to create a deeper understanding of how organisational change, which was founded in a crisis (pandemic Covid-19), affects leadership as well as employees in the retail industry. A case study with a mixed method with a deductive approach has been performed to create a deeper understanding of the perception of organisational change based on crisis. The research is based on a mixed method to get both depth and width of the respondents' answers. Five qualitative interviews were conducted, and a questionnaire was sent to a sample of the organisation's members. Theories related to retail in crisis have been lacking, even less research on retail in pandemics. The theoretical frame of reference has focused on the organisation, leadership, the employee in organisational change, communication and lessons learned and innovation, all related to crisis. Theories have been collected and analysed from 22 peer-reviewed articles. A major organisation in the retail industry has been explored how they have worked with organisational change during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results from the semi-structured interviews conducted with leaders and the questionnaire sent out to the organisation's employees and leaders are presented. The questionnaire sent to the organisation's members was answered by a total of 50 respondents, of which 36 Employees, seven Leaders with personnel responsibilities, five Leaders without personnel responsibilities and two Other. The survey data were analysed with univariate and bivariate statistics and examined both individually and through index. has been identified that communication, routines, crisis preparedness and follow-up are important parts that largely affect how crises like the pandemic are handled within an organisation. Employees have been affected during the pandemic through changed working methods, increased workload and some have been given completely new work areas. This has affected the employees' view and attitude towards the organisation. Leadership has been affected during the pandemic in that leadership has focused on employee well-being to a greater extent than increasing physical sales. A present and empathetic leadership is required with more adaptation to the needs of the employees. When the pandemic is over, employees are a crucial factor in rebuilding the organisation. By taking advantage of the lessons created during the pandemic, increased social sustainability is created.