A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo, no contexto de modernização de São Paulo e laicização republicana, analisar os espaços de sociabilidade constituídos por associações espiritualistas (centros espíritas e círculos esotéricos) durante a chamada Primeira República (1889-1930). Essas associações foram construídas a partir do modelo de sociedades de ideias, locais nos quais se estabeleciam convivialidades ligadas aos ideários modernos, como liberdade, democracia e livre-pensamento. Foram utilizados os conceitos de sociedade de ideias, sociabilidade e intelectuais, a partir das formulações de autores como François Furet, Jean-Pierre Bastian, Maurice Agulhon e Jean-François Sirinelli. Para essa análise foram utilizadas uma diversidade de fontes, especialmente a imprensa especializada editada por essas associações. / The purpose of this research is to analyze, in the context of the modernizing São Paulo and the republican secularization, the sociability spaces made up of spiritualist associations (spiritist centers and esoteric circles) during the so-called First Brazilian Republic (1889-1930). These associations were built over a model of societies of ideas. These were places where convivialidades [co-livingness], connected with the modern ideas, like freedom, democracy and free thinking, were established. There have been used the concepts of societies of ideas, sociability and intellectuals, based on the formulations of authors such as François Furet, Jean-Pierre Bastian, Maurice Agulhon e Jean-François Sirinelli. A diversity of sources has been used for this analysis, particularly specialized press edited by these associations.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a questão da circulação de ideias e a construção de identidades na América Latina a partir de três ensaios produzidos entre fins do século XIX e inícios do século XX: El porvenir de las naciones hispanoamericanas (1899), do mexicano Francisco Bulnes (1847-1924); A América Latina: males de origem (1905), do brasileiro Manoel Bomfim (1868-1932) e Les democraties latines de lAmerique (1912), do peruano Francisco García Calderón (1883-1953). Por meio desses textos, este trabalho procura discutir as concepções sobre o fazer intelectual presente em cada um desses autores, o processo de elaboração e circulação das ideias no subcontinente em relação aos paradigmas europeu e norte-americano e a variedade de projetos identitários existentes na América Latina no umbral do século XX. O cotejo desses três ensaios permite que se explicite um conjunto de temas e problemas comuns que permeavam o pensamento político na América Latina da época, entre os quais é importante ressaltar a discussão sobre o lugar do subcontinente no mundo diante da expansão do capitalismo e do imperialismo entre fins do século XIX e inícios do século XX. / I intend to analyze in this research three major essays produced in Latin America in the beginning of the 20th Century: El porvenir de las naciones hispanoamericanas (1899), by Mexican Francisco Bulnes (1847-1924); A América Latina: males de origem (1905), by Brazilian Manoel Bomfim (1868- 1932) and Les démocraties latines de lAmerique (1912), by Peruvian Francisco García Calderón (1883-1953). I will emphasize the problems around the circulation of ideas and the building of identities in the subcontinent. The comparison among these three essays will allow me to discuss a whole set of common themes and issues related to political ideas in Latin America at that time and to think about Latin Americas place during the so called Age of Empire.

by Agnes Kwok Wai-fong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [109]-[115]). / Acknowledgement --- p.1-2 / Abstract --- p.3 / Preface --- p.4-7 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- The Development of Imagination from the Medievals to The Romantics --- p.8-32 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Chinese Concept of Shen and Liu Xie's Shen-si --- p.33-58 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Image-forming and Imagination in Sino-Western Perspectives --- p.59-87 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Different Functions of Imagination in Comprehending Nature China and the West --- p.88-108 / Works Cited

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-08T11:34:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Lúcia Barbosa Faria.pdf: 4765598 bytes, checksum: 8dd2588190b1eaa9d64cace4f8d5f7d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T11:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Lúcia Barbosa Faria.pdf: 4765598 bytes, checksum: 8dd2588190b1eaa9d64cace4f8d5f7d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study investigates the power and the role of the Liberal Ideas Laboratories in the preservation and building process of the bourgeois hegemony, redefined according to the neoliberal capitalism boundaries, as from the end of the 1970-decade financial economic crisis. Following this goal one analyzed the genesis of the liberal thought in John Locke, as well as the contemporary meaning of this tradition in Friedrich August von Hayek. One tried to decipher the ideological political movement triggered off by the Mont Pélerin Association, whose objective was to start a worldwide struggle of ideas, aiming to legitimate, establish and keep the liberal ideas, making the individuals internalize the conviction that only the spontaneous order of the market is capable of assuring the freedom of the individuals and an everlasting humanity. Since then, a net of interconnected laboratories of liberal ideas has spread to various countries, aiming at spreading the Hayekian thought. The genesis of the crisis which emerged in the end of the 1970’s was also analyzed. A new paradigm for the renegotiation of the Latin American countries external debt was put forward. The recovery of the international financial system implied the downfall of the peripheral economies because the burden of the crisis was massively transferred to them. Finally, this study intended to decipher the connections between the laboratories of ideas, the international financial organisms and the organizational, political and intellectual elites which have enabled the brutal and accelerated ascent of the bourgeois domination toward the bleeding of the working class / Este estudo investiga o poder e o papel dos laboratórios de ideias liberais no processo de construção e preservação da hegemonia burguesa, redefinida nos marcos do capitalismo neoliberal, a partir da crise econômico-financeira do final da década de 1970. Com este propósito examinou-se a gênese do pensamento liberal em John Locke e a acepção contemporânea desta tradição em Friedrich August von Hayek. Tentou-se decifrar o movimento político-ideológico desencadeado pela Associação Mont Pélerin, cujo objetivo era travar uma batalha de ideias em âmbito mundial, visando legitimar, afirmar e conservar o ideário liberal, introjetando nos indivíduos a convicção de que somente a ordem espontânea do mercado é capaz de assegurar a liberdade dos indivíduos e a perpetuação da humanidade. Proliferou-se, a partir de então, em diversos países uma rede de laboratórios de ideias liberais interconectados, imbuída do propósito de disseminar o pensamento hayekiano. Analisou-se também a gênese da crise que eclodiu no final dos anos 1970 inaugurando um novo paradigma de renegociação da dívida externa dos países latino-americanos A recuperação do sistema financeiro internacional implicou a derrocada das economias periféricas, em razão de o fardo da crise transferir-se maciçamente para elas. Por fim, este estudo pretendeu decodificar as conexões entre os laboratórios de ideias, os organismos financeiros internacionais e as elites empresarias, políticas e intelectuais que possibilitaram a escalada acelerada e brutal da dominação burguesa rumo à sangria da classe trabalhadora

This thesis examines the relation between the conception of an act as the original ground of all knowledge and the conception of the I as self-limiting in the philosophies of Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Benjamin Höijer. By relating the philosophical project of these two thinkers to Kant’s definition of enlightenment it argues that, while both Fichte and Höijer seek to find a satisfactory refutation of scepticism, their motive for doing this is chiefly a practical rather than a theoretical one: their ambition is to show how knowledge is only possible through human freedom and independence. Thus, the scep-tical doubt about whether true knowledge of the external world is possible is transformed into a ques-tion about how the fundamentally free and infinite I can stand in a relation to a “not-I” posited beyond itself. Both Fichte and Höijer try to answer this question by arguing that such a limit of the I’s subjec-tivity must be a product of an original free act, and that it is therefore only thinkable in relation to the infinite nature of the concept of action. The main difference between their respective philosophies lies in their characterisations of this original, limit-imposing act: for Fichte, it is synonymous with the I, while for Höijer, it must necessarily precede any agent.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo, no contexto de modernização de São Paulo e laicização republicana, analisar os espaços de sociabilidade constituídos por associações espiritualistas (centros espíritas e círculos esotéricos) durante a chamada Primeira República (1889-1930). Essas associações foram construídas a partir do modelo de sociedades de ideias, locais nos quais se estabeleciam convivialidades ligadas aos ideários modernos, como liberdade, democracia e livre-pensamento. Foram utilizados os conceitos de sociedade de ideias, sociabilidade e intelectuais, a partir das formulações de autores como François Furet, Jean-Pierre Bastian, Maurice Agulhon e Jean-François Sirinelli. Para essa análise foram utilizadas uma diversidade de fontes, especialmente a imprensa especializada editada por essas associações. / The purpose of this research is to analyze, in the context of the modernizing São Paulo and the republican secularization, the sociability spaces made up of spiritualist associations (spiritist centers and esoteric circles) during the so-called First Brazilian Republic (1889-1930). These associations were built over a model of societies of ideas. These were places where convivialidades [co-livingness], connected with the modern ideas, like freedom, democracy and free thinking, were established. There have been used the concepts of societies of ideas, sociability and intellectuals, based on the formulations of authors such as François Furet, Jean-Pierre Bastian, Maurice Agulhon e Jean-François Sirinelli. A diversity of sources has been used for this analysis, particularly specialized press edited by these associations.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a questão da circulação de ideias e a construção de identidades na América Latina a partir de três ensaios produzidos entre fins do século XIX e inícios do século XX: El porvenir de las naciones hispanoamericanas (1899), do mexicano Francisco Bulnes (1847-1924); A América Latina: males de origem (1905), do brasileiro Manoel Bomfim (1868-1932) e Les democraties latines de lAmerique (1912), do peruano Francisco García Calderón (1883-1953). Por meio desses textos, este trabalho procura discutir as concepções sobre o fazer intelectual presente em cada um desses autores, o processo de elaboração e circulação das ideias no subcontinente em relação aos paradigmas europeu e norte-americano e a variedade de projetos identitários existentes na América Latina no umbral do século XX. O cotejo desses três ensaios permite que se explicite um conjunto de temas e problemas comuns que permeavam o pensamento político na América Latina da época, entre os quais é importante ressaltar a discussão sobre o lugar do subcontinente no mundo diante da expansão do capitalismo e do imperialismo entre fins do século XIX e inícios do século XX. / I intend to analyze in this research three major essays produced in Latin America in the beginning of the 20th Century: El porvenir de las naciones hispanoamericanas (1899), by Mexican Francisco Bulnes (1847-1924); A América Latina: males de origem (1905), by Brazilian Manoel Bomfim (1868- 1932) and Les démocraties latines de lAmerique (1912), by Peruvian Francisco García Calderón (1883-1953). I will emphasize the problems around the circulation of ideas and the building of identities in the subcontinent. The comparison among these three essays will allow me to discuss a whole set of common themes and issues related to political ideas in Latin America at that time and to think about Latin Americas place during the so called Age of Empire.

A tese apresenta uma análise sobre a circulação de ideias antifascistas entre intelectuais uruguaios, argentinos, brasileiros e franceses que pertenciam a associações dedicadas à luta contra o fascismo e pela defesa da cultura entre 1933 e 1939. Procuramos mostrar que os movimentos antifascistas do Cone Sul, embora compartilhassem de objetivos comuns, eram heterogêneos e tinham características próprias. Estas derivavam da multiplicidade de vozes presentes nas associações de intelectuais, o que contrapõe a ideia de que o antifascismo seria fruto da ação exclusiva dos partidos comunistas ou da coordenação da Internacional Comunista (IC). A pesquisa mostra também que o diálogo intelectual ocorrido no âmbito da luta antifascista conectou estes diferentes espaços, estabelecendo um debate de dimensão transnacional. As conexões entre os que exerceram o papel de mediadores neste debate foram estabelecidas por meio da imprensa, que serviu como elemento de mediação para o intercâmbio de ideias que acabou por atravessar as fronteiras nacionais do Cone Sul chegando até a França. / This thesis analyzes the circulation of anti-fascist ideas among Uruguayan, Argentine, Brazilian and French intellectuals who belonged to associations that dedicated themselves to the struggle against fascism and in \"defense of culture\" between 1933 and 1939. We aim to show that anti-fascist movements in the Southern Cone, even while they shared common objectives, were heterogeneous and had their own characteristics. These came from the multiplicity of voices in the associations of intellectuals, which counters the idea that anti-fascism was the exclusive fruit of Communist parties or from the coordination of the Communist International (IC). The study also shows that the intellectual dialogue that occurred in the orbit of the anti-fascist struggle connected these different spaces, establishing a debate about in a transnational dimension. The connections between those who exercised the role of mediators in this debate were established through the press, which served as a mediating element for this exchange of ideas that crossed the national frontiers of the Southern Cone and arrived in France.

Esta dissertação funda-se em princípios da História das ideias linguísticas (Auroux, 2008, 2009) e trata da gramatização dos idiotismos ou particularidades do português. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, de acordo com o fazer historiográfico, é analítico-interpretativa, com o objetivo de apresentar e examinar as particularidades do português, descritas nas duas edições da gramática de D. Jeronymo Contador de Argote, intitulada Regras da lingua portugueza, espelho da lingua latina, ou disposiçaõ para facilitar o ensino da lingua Latina pelas regras da Portugueza, publicadas em 1721 e 1725. Partimos da hipótese de que é Argote que sistematiza a gramatização das especificidades da língua portuguesa, por meio do capítulo dedicado aos idiotismos. Assim, para entendermos como Contador de Argote formulou a ideia acerca dos idiotismos, investigamos o horizonte de retrospecção nas obras portuguesas de Oliveira (1536), Barros (1540) e Roboredo (1619), assim como o horizonte de prospecção, com o propósito de percebermos a repercussão das ideias linguísticas de Argote nas obras portuguesas de Lobato (1770), Fonseca (1799), Barbosa (1822) e Vasconcelos (1901). As duas edições da gramática foram importantes para a compreensão da construção do saber linguístico porque gramatizaram pontos específicos do português. Enquanto na primeira edição Contador de Argote apresenta concisamente as características do português, na segunda edição, o gramático explora, com mais clareza, os idiotismos, pois trata da morfologia, da sintaxe, e da semântica da língua portuguesa. Dos idiotismos apresentados por Contador de Argote, alguns já haviam sido gramatizados, e outros foram gramatizados nas Regras, pelo próprio autor. Quanto à repercussão das ideias do autor em gramáticas posteriores, verificamos que alguns idiotismos permaneceram e foram referidos como tais, outros foram incorporados à língua, e outros ainda desapareceram, haja vista a dinamicidade da língua. / This dissertation is based on principles of História das ideias linguísticas (History of linguistic ideas) (Auroux, 2008, 2009) and deals with the grammatization of idioms or peculiarities of the Portuguese language. The metodology used in order to develop the research, in accordance to the historiographic procedure, is analytical and interpretative, aiming at presenting and investigating the Portuguese language particularities described in the two editions of D. Jeronymo Contador de Argote, named Regras da lingua portugueza espelho da lingua latina, ou disposição para facilitar o ensino da lingua Latina pelas regras da Portugueza (Rules of the Portuguese language: a mirror of the Latin language, or the disposition to facilitate teaching the Latin language through the rules of the Portuguese language ), published in 1721 and 1725. We start from the assumption that it is Argote that systematizes the grammatization of the specificities of the Portuguese language, by means of the chapter dedicated to idioms. Therefore, in order to understand how Contador de Argote developed the idea about the idioms, we have investigated the horizon of retrospection in the Portuguese works of Oliveira (1536), Barros (1540) and Roboredo (1619), as well as the horizon of prospection to realize the impact of Argote\'s linguistic ideas upon the Portuguese works of the Lobato (1770), Fonseca (1799), Barbosa (1822) and Vasconcelos (1901). The two editions of this grammar were important in order to understand the construction of linguistic knowledge, once they have organized specific matters of the Portuguese language. While the first edition of Contador de Argote concisely presents the characteristics of the Portuguese language, on its second edition the grammarian explores the idioms more clearly, once it deals with the morphology, syntax and semantics of the Portuguese language. From the idioms presented by Contador de Argote, some had already been organized in the grammar, and others have been organized in the Regras by the author himself. As for the impact of the author\'s ideas in later grammars, we have found that some idioms remained and were referred to as such; others have been incorporated into the language, and still others have disappeared, given the dynamics of all languages.

This thesis investigates the development and formation of new ideals for the city and its citizens which emerged in the wake of the economic crisis of the late 1970s to the early 1990s. This period of time is often identified as the end of the industrial society and the beginning of what is generally known as the information society. By studying how the city was perceived in the context of a new societal form and, through that, was given a new economic function, this thesis shows a different understanding of why and how Swedish cities adopted new and completely different strategies in a relatively short period of time. As opposed to similar research in the same field, this thesis studies the early development of these new strategies and ideals of the city by focusing on two previously overlooked concepts: samhällsform [societal form] and livsform [life form]. As this thesis will show, these two concepts were paramount to the agents own understanding of the connection and co-dependence between the city, the citizen and the order of production. By using theories concerning the importance of time as a way for the agents to structure their own understanding of events, this thesis shows how the image of crisis created ruptures in time and thereby enabled new possible actions for the agents. By making the industrial society and industrial city a thing of the past, new strategies could be implemented and old norms and practices were challenged. The new ideal city catered to the imagined needs and demands of a new life form, namely karriärbunden livsform [career bound life form], which was considered to contribute to growth in the new information society. As this thesis points out, this life form was made into a template of how a city should be planned and thereby has gained great advantage in comparison to other groups in Swedish society.