Utifrån syftet att belysa historiekulturens betydelse för individens känsla för delaktighet idet svenska klassrummet har arbetet tagit form. Med fokus på eleven har en kvalitativstudie gjorts genom att elever och lärare från en högstadieskola i västra Skåne intervjuats.Intervjuerna ämnade ge ett resultat som kunde svara på den övergripandeforskningsfrågan: Hur ställer sig historien som berättas i skolan mot elevernas egnaupplevda tillhörigheter? Tillsammans med en teoretisk dykning ner i identitet, upplevdatillhörigheter, interkulturell pedagogik och hur det står i förhållande till den svenskahistoriekulturen kunde den besvaras. Studien visade att många elever, oberoende avhärkomst, upplevde att den egna historien inte berördes tillräckligt i undervisningen.Utefter de teorier som presenteras om identitet, där den egna bakgrunden är en del, såställer sig detta resultat dåligt gentemot historieundervisningen. Vad som ses som ennaturlig progression från denna undersökning är hur den svenska historieundervisningenstraditionella innehåll kan utmanas och förändras. Genom att ha ett intersektionelltförhållningssätt, med globalt fokus, ses möjlighet att många av de tomrum eleverupplever i historien kan fyllas igen.

Idag finns en oro för att människor som spelar och pratar med andra online är ensamma och att det hämmar deras sociala liv. För att utforska detta undersöker denna studie hur de människor själv ser på den tid de spenderar online och de människor de möter där. Hur gemenskap skapas online på kommunikationsplattformen Discord och vilken roll den gemenskapen spelar i medlemmarnas sociala liv. De teoretiska verktygen som används för att besvara detta är Andersons imagined communities (2016) samt Faraj och Johnssons teorier om reciprocitet online (2011). Empirin samlades in genom etnografiska metoder som netnografi, deltagande observation och semistrukturerade intervjuer med medlemmar i en Discordserver. Resultaten visar att gemenskaper online möjliggörs och skapas genom medlemmars reciprocitet och skapande av sociala band, teknikens utveckling och aktiva medlemmar somhåller samman gruppen.

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Le décret royal du 1924 est souvent considéré le point culminant de la campagne séfardiste du sénateur espagnol Ángel Pulido. Il s'agit d'une initiative qui reflète l’ambiguë de toutes les dynamiques espagnoles envers les Séfarades. La loi de 2015, relative à l’octroi de la nationalité aux descendants des juifs expulsés au XV siècle, et le décret royal de 1924 ont été choisis respectivement comme le point d'arrivée et le point de départ de ce travail. Durant cette période, a eu lieu une série d'événements qui ont constitué l'épine dorsale de cette communauté imaginée appelée Sefarad. Sefarad correspond à un espace indéfini résultant d'une erreur d'interprétation biblique. Cependant, pendant des siècles l'idée de Sefarad a continué à être associée à l'espace géographique connu comme l'Espagne et, à partir de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, le gouvernement espagnol s'est de plus en plus identifié à cet espace idéal. Ce processus de superposition vise à soutenir les intérêts nationaux. La loi de 2015, ainsi que le décret royal de 1924, sont deux initiatives qui s’adressent à l'opinion publique internationale plutôt qu’aux Séfarades. Ces deux lois sont révélatrices d'une tendance politique espagnole basée sur des argumentations séfardistes. L'objectif de ce travail est donc de montrer comment le gouvernement espagnol, à travers la reproduction de cette rhétorique séfardiste, a réussi à reconstruire une communauté imaginée connu comme Sefarad. / The Royal Decree of 1924 is often considered the culminating point of the campaign of Spanish senator Ángel Pulido. It’s an initiative that reflects the Spanish ambiguity towards Sephardim. The law of 2015 concerning the granting of nationality to descendants of Jews expelled in the XV century and the Royal Decree of 1924 were respectively chosen as the starting point and the end point of the present work. During this period, there was a series of events that have been the backbone of this imagined community called Sepharad. Sepharad corresponds to an undefined space resulting from a biblical misinterpretation. However, for centuries the idea of Sepharad continued to be associated with the geographical area known as Spain. From the second half of the twentieth century, the Spanish government has increasingly identified himself with this ideal space. This superposition process aims to support the national interests. The law of 2015 and the Royal Decree of 1924, are two initiatives addressed to the international public opinion rather than Sephardim. These two laws are indicative of a Spanish political tendency based on sephardist argumentations. The purpose of this work is to show how the Spanish Government, through the reproduction of this sephardist rhetoric, managed to rebuild an imagined community known as Sepharad.

<p>“Fröknarna von Pahlen”, is a series of novels written by the author Agnes von Krusenstjerna. Especially the fourth and fifth parts, published in 1933, raised questions about sexuality, especially about what was conceived as perverse and provoking descriptions. “Fröknarna von Pahlen” became a part of heated debates about what is acceptable to write about. How can the so called Pahlen feud be understood from an intersectional perspective, and from a focus on values, and by discussing imagined communities? The purpose is to find out what is going on in these debates. Six different values are being pointed out; art and skill, truth, freedom of speech and freedom of the press, the value in the young, the value in female perspectives, and moral values. There is a number of knot points tied to these values, and differentiating processes such as sex, class, age, ethnicity, religion etc. are all intertwined in these debates. From an intersectional understanding, none of these processes are more primal than another. The knot points are both of an emotional nature and thematic. The individual voices that emerge in the feud are named small narratives, and the more intersubjective narratives are called grand narratives. These narratives are being investigated rhetorically; for instance how some stories can appear more as truths than others, and it is analyzed how they separate people in groups and create hierarchies. They are also being seen from an emotional perspective; how individual feelings are a part of emotions, larger contexts and meaning coherences. These feelings are also understood as actions. Throughout the investigation there is a hermeneutic will to make things intelligible, and respect and point out the many different perspectives. This is being made in a cultural relativistic attempt. By focusing on imagined communities, different comradeships and groups in the feud can be pointed out. People can consider themselves parts of these groups, but they can also, more or less involuntarily, be considered as parts of these groups. In the writers opinion, the most important question is how “extreme” sexual descriptions an author is allowed to bring forth.<em></em><em></em></p>

Sports fandoms can form a key site of identity formation, particularly as they gather and merge numerous threads of identity, including gender, socio-economic status, and civic affiliation. The connections formed between members of the fandom, the fandom and the team, and the fandom and the place in which it is grounded can be a strong force for social cohesion. This cohesion becomes particularly relevant during times of crisis, when some turn to sports as a unifier. However, these relationships can also be fraught with tensions, within the group and without. Forces such as nostalgia and the ‘othering’ of those outside the group become import methods in creating and sustaining these Andersonian “imaginary communities” of fans, mitigating difference. In examining this process of identity creation, two cities were chosen for their intense team attachments: Pittsburgh and Baltimore. Qualitative analysis of discourses surrounding the teams in these cities reveals the complex ways in which nostalgic fantasies about the team and its relationship to the city are created and maintained, hierarchies of space and time are formed, and the identity of the community is shaped by its relationship to team and city. Analysis of the sporting landscape, created through a complex network of material culture, media, and the repetition of certain fantasy themes, reveals how geography is complexly implicated in the production of sporting fandom. / text

This study aims to gain greater knowledge about the use of framing in local sports journalism. We did this by doing a qualitative content analysis of the local Swedish newspaper Barometern/OT and it’s coverage of the largest local football team, Kalmar FF. We randomly selected six of the team’s games during 2014 and analysed all the texts that had to do with the games, except for shorter texts and texts that are supposed to be based on personal opinions, such as chronicles. The results show that Barometern/OT have a tendency of defending individual players and giving them positive criticism, while they much more often give negative criticism to the team as a whole. Also, we found signs that Barometern/OT contributed to creating a local imagined community by having a incomplete use of names at a few times, amongst other factors. Because of these observations we noticed that the editorial staff both contributed to creating a local imagined community and that they were a part of it themselves.

“Fröknarna von Pahlen”, is a series of novels written by the author Agnes von Krusenstjerna. Especially the fourth and fifth parts, published in 1933, raised questions about sexuality, especially about what was conceived as perverse and provoking descriptions. “Fröknarna von Pahlen” became a part of heated debates about what is acceptable to write about. How can the so called Pahlen feud be understood from an intersectional perspective, and from a focus on values, and by discussing imagined communities? The purpose is to find out what is going on in these debates. Six different values are being pointed out; art and skill, truth, freedom of speech and freedom of the press, the value in the young, the value in female perspectives, and moral values. There is a number of knot points tied to these values, and differentiating processes such as sex, class, age, ethnicity, religion etc. are all intertwined in these debates. From an intersectional understanding, none of these processes are more primal than another. The knot points are both of an emotional nature and thematic. The individual voices that emerge in the feud are named small narratives, and the more intersubjective narratives are called grand narratives. These narratives are being investigated rhetorically; for instance how some stories can appear more as truths than others, and it is analyzed how they separate people in groups and create hierarchies. They are also being seen from an emotional perspective; how individual feelings are a part of emotions, larger contexts and meaning coherences. These feelings are also understood as actions. Throughout the investigation there is a hermeneutic will to make things intelligible, and respect and point out the many different perspectives. This is being made in a cultural relativistic attempt. By focusing on imagined communities, different comradeships and groups in the feud can be pointed out. People can consider themselves parts of these groups, but they can also, more or less involuntarily, be considered as parts of these groups. In the writers opinion, the most important question is how “extreme” sexual descriptions an author is allowed to bring forth.

This thesis examines how Latin America is produced and consumed through the ¡Viva! Spanish and Latin American Film Festival in Manchester and how people who do not have Latin American origins (subsequently 'non-Latin American') use Latin American culture to reconcile issues of self-identity and cosmopolitanism at a local level. Extending Dina Iordanova's (2010) application of imagined communities to film festivals beyond diaspora, a framework of imagined cosmopolitan communities finds that, through consumption of the ¡Viva! film festival, non-Latin American consumers can often feel a sense of belonging or connection to Latin American people and culture. Non-Latin American ¡Viva! consumers subsequently incorporate Latin American culture and identity within their own construction of self-identity in order to reaffirm their sense of self. Using a mixed methods approach which brings together qualitative research (including a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews) with media analysis, this thesis finds that the incorporation of Latin American identity into non-Latin American self-identity is facilitated, in part, by the way in which Latin America has been encoded at a discursive level in the UK in recent decades through magical realism and associated codes, themes and narratives concerning the region's bizarre, crazy, strange and surreal characteristics. Applying theories of encoding and decoding (Hall, 1980), the ¡Viva! film festival and its non-Latin American audience members are found to likewise construct Latin America in these terms, as different, but not too different from British cultural norms. This interpretive framework, along with the fact that Latin Americans are largely positioned outside of the increasingly hostile rhetoric towards migrants and ethnic minorities in the UK, facilitates the incorporation of a Latin American identity within non-Latin American consumers' construction of self-identity. Scholars have suggested that cosmopolitanism demands a transformation in self-understanding in addition to an openness towards the cultural Other (Delanty, 2009). Analysis of the ¡Viva! film festival subsequently reveals a nuanced form of cosmopolitanism in which the Self is transformed through the incorporation of the Latin American cultural Other and offers an insight into the changing nature of the cultural relationship between Latin America and the UK. Latin America has typically been constructed as embodying the unconscious fears and desires of British (and western) culture (Beasley-Murray, 2003; Foster, 2009). This thesis finds instead that Latin America is being reconfigured by non-Latin American consumers of the ¡Viva! film festival as an equally formative part of their conscious identity that completes their sense of self and of being cosmopolitan in an attempt to resist and challenge contemporary scepticism and rhetoric in the UK surrounding multiculturalism, immigration and ethnic minorities.