På senare tid har Facebook förändrat förutsättningarna för bland annat hur dagens offentliga sjukhus kommunicerar med sina intressenter. Vissa sjukhus har känt ett behov av att förändra sin kommunikation till att bli mer strategisk och anpassa sig till stigande krav på ökad transparens som kommit från såväl allmänhet som medier. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och jämföra varför tre av Sveriges största offentliga sjukhus använder det sociala nätverket Facebook. Dessutom kommer det studeras hur kommunikationen via Facebook tar sig uttryck hos dessa sjukhus. Undersökningen har bedrivits genom kvalitativa intervjuer med anställda som är ansvariga för hanteringen av dessa sjukhus officiella Facebooksidor. Resultatet visar på tydliga likriktningar mellan sjukhusen både till varför de finns på Facebook, samt hur det dagliga arbetet sköts. Samtliga sjukhus anser att Facebook är en lämplig kanal för att sprida organisationsinformation till deras intressenter. Detta bidrar också till att stärka sjukhusets anseende.

For years, scholars have focused on the serious narrative of Samuel Johnson’s Rasselas and have been unable to reconcile the episodes of ironic humor within the larger serious narrative. By reading Rasselas as an imitation of Ecclesiastes rather than an Oriental tale, critics can begin to identify the humor in Rasselas through the embellishment of the story of Ecclesiastes. The failures of the character Koheleth in Ecclesiastes become the genesis for the failures of Rasselas and his companions; however, the failures of Rasselas and more elaborate and comedic. How Johnson embellishes these failures to create humorous irony in Rasselas becomes clearer for the reader through this new categorization of genre, which can hopefully unite the two opposing views of criticism surrounding this book.

Darbe nagrinėjama tikrovės ir imitacijos problema fotografijoje pagal Jean‘ą Baurillard‘ą, menamos ir realios tikrovių koegzistavimo bei sąveikos problema. Darbe keliamas tikslas – imituotas peizažas: nagrinėjama imitacijos tendencija šiuolaikinėje kūrybinėje fotografijoje, kai išryškinami realybės neatitikimai, t.y. kur „imituotas peizažas“ prasilenkia su menamu realiu peizažu. Darbo objektas yra „imituoto peizažo“, kaip šiuolaikinio meno objekto, vaizdavimas, konstravimas. Klausimai, susiję su tokiu peizažu, yra nagrinėjami, vadovaujantis simuliakrų teorija. Šio tikslo siekiama analizuojant imituotą peizažą, kuris yra susijęs su šiomis problemomis: jis nėra pasaulio (tikrovės) atspindys, tačiau, nebūdamas pasaulio atspindžiu, vis tiek atspindi pasaulį (klausimas: kokį), erdvę ir laiką, aptariami tokio peizažo šifravimo kodai, ženklai ir nusakoma, kaip tai susiję ar nesusiję su simuliakrų teorija. Tyrimo metodai, naudoti teoriniame darbe: menotyrinės literatūros analizė ir apibendrinimas, komparatyvinė analizė, menininkų darbų analizavimas ir interpretavimas, sisteminimas. Tikrovės ir imitacijos problemos fotografijoje analizė išryškino, jog šiuolaikinė fotografija, dažnai apibūdinama simuliakro sąvoka, neneigia galimybę fotografuojant fiksuoti objektyvią tikrovę. Pagrindus simuliacijos esmę, išryškėja jos didelis vaidmuo šiuolaikinėje fotografijoje: menininkai kartu kelia klausimą dėl fotografijos kuriamo tikrovės atvaizdo patikimumą, parodo, kad fotografija nėra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work analyzes the problem of imitation and reality in the photography according to Jean Baurillard. Also it is looked into the problem of coexistence and interaction of apparent and actual realities. The aim of this work is the imitated scenery: the tendency of imitation in the modern creative photography is examined; the inadequacies of reality are highlighted that is how “the imitated scenery” is inadequate to the apparent real scenery. The object of this work is to construct and depict “the imitated scenery” as an object of postmodern art. The questions concerned with the imitated scenery are analyzed in accordance with Jean Baurillard’s simulacra and simulation theory. In order to reach this goal the imitated scenery is analyzed, which is concerned with these issues: the imitated scenery is not a reflection of real-life (reality), however, it still reflects the world (the question is what world it reflects), space and time. Furthermore, the encoding of codes and signs in such scenery is discussed with reference to the simulacra and simulation theory. The research methods used in this work are: the analysis and generalization of literature on art criticism, comparative analysis, the analysis and interpretation of artistic works, the systemization of accomplished analyses. The analysis of the problem of reality and imitation in the photography has revealed that contemporary photography, which is often described by the concept of simulacra, do not deny the possibility... [to full text]

Le but de cette thèse est le transfert du mouvement humain vers un robot humanode en ligne. Dans une premire partie, le mouvement humain, enregistré par un système de capture de mouvement, est analysé pour extraire des caractéristiques qui doivent être transférées vers le robot humanoïde. Dans un deuxième temps, le mouvement du robot qui comprend ces caractéristiques est calculé en utilisant la cinématique inverse avec priorité. L'ensemble des tâches avec leurs priorités est ainsi transféré. La méthode permet une reproduction du mouvement la plus fidèle possible, en ligne et pour le haut du corps. Finalement, nous étudions le problème du transfert mouvement des pieds. Pour cette étude, le mouvement des pieds est analysé pour extraire les trajectoires euclidiennes qui sont adaptées au robot. Les trajectoires du centre du masse qui garantit que le robot ne tombe pas sont calculées à partir de la position des pieds et du modèle du pendule inverse. Il est ainsi possible réaliser une imitation complète incluant les mouvements du haut du corps ainsi que les mouvements des pieds.

<p>Contrary to later Muslim tradition, the first Muslims initially looked favorably upon assimilating Jewish and Christian religious and cultural practices. As Muslim collective religious identity conjoined with political power, Muslims changed their religious policy from imitation to distinction; they began to define themselves both above and against their arch-religious rivals. They visibly and publicly materialized their unique brand of monotheism into a distinct religious community.</p><p>This dissertation is the first attempt to map the Muslim religious discourse that expressed this deliberate turn away from Jews, Christians, and others across pre-modern Islamic history. First, I argue that this discourse functions as a prism through which to view the interplay of religion and politics; a key function of both empire and religion in a pre-modern Muslim context was to uphold hierarchical social distinctions. Next, I show that Muslims imagined these distinctions in very concrete terms. In contrast to conventional studies that emphasize the role of abstract doctrine in making Islam a distinct religion, this study highlights the aesthetic mediation of Muslim distinction through everyday quotidian practice such as dress, hairstyle, ritual, festivals, funerary rites, and bodily gestures - what Sigmund Freud has called, "The Narcissism of Minor Differences." These acts of distinction illustrate that Muslim religious identity was not shaped in a social and cultural vacuum; its construction overlapped with that of ethnicity, gender, class, and the even the human. What this study reveals, then, is how Muslims attempted to fashion more than just a distinct religion, but an ideal moral order, or social imaginary. In this robust Muslim social imaginary, human beings were mimetic creatures; becoming, or subject-formation, was inextricably related to belonging, being part of a community. Despite the conscious attempt of religious scholars to normalize Muslim distinction, this study contests that both elite and ordinary Muslims continued to imitate, and ultimately assimilate, foreign practices within a Near Eastern cultural landscape of sharedness. </p><p>Drawing upon approaches from religious studies, history, and anthropology, this interdisciplinary study foregrounds both text and theory. It interweaves theories of difference, imitation (mimesis), power, embodiment, semiotics and aesthetics with a broad range of Arabic literary texts spanning theology, law, Quranic exegesis, prophetic traditions, ethics, mysticism, historical chronicles, and biography. More specifically, this study highlights the critical role of prophetic utterances (hadith) in shaping the Islamic discourses of Shari'a and Sufism. It foregrounds the contributions of two pre-modern Damascene religious scholars in their historical contexts: the controversial Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328), and the underappreciated Najm al-Din al-Ghazzi; (d. 1651), who authored a remarkable encyclopedia of mimesis and distinction hitherto ignored in both Euro-American and Islamic scholarship.</p> / Dissertation

Phonetic accommodation is the process whereby speakers in an interaction modify their speech in response to their interlocutor. The social-psychological theory of Communication Accommodation Theory (Giles 1973) predicts that speakers will converge towards (become more similar to) their interlocutors in order to decrease social distance, whereas they will diverge from (become less similar to) their interlocutors to accentuate distinctiveness or show disdain. Previous studies have found that phonetic accommodation is affected by many social, situational and linguistic factors (Abrego-Collier et al. 2011; Black 2012; Babel 2009, 2010, 2012; Babel et al. 2012; Kim, Horton & Bradlow 2011; Nielsen 2011; Pardo et al. 2012). With respect to accommodation across dialects, a handful of studies have suggested that the perceptual salience of the various differences between two dialects might affect the pattern; however, these studies make conflicting predictions. Trudgill (1986) predicts that speakers will converge more towards the more salient dialectal differences, while Kim et al. (2011) and Babel (2009, 2010) suggest the opposite: that speakers will converge on the less salient differences. This thesis investigates how the perceptual salience of 6 differences between Buenos Aires Spanish and Madrid Spanish affect the pattern of phonetic accommodation in conversation. The results are considered both in terms of the magnitude of the changes that the participants make as well as the direction of the change (convergence or divergence). The results show that perceptual salience has a significant effect on the magnitude of the change, with all participants making greater changes as perceptual salience increases. On the other hand, perceptual salience was found not to have a consistent effect for all speakers on the likelihood of converging or diverging on the dialectal differences. I argue that the lack of consistent effect of salience on the direction of the change stems from individual differences in motivation to take on the opposing dialect norms and issues of personal identity, whereas the very consistent effect of salience on the magnitude of the change suggests that there is something more basic or systematic about how salience interacts with the extent to which speakers accommodate.

This study concerns the concept of sacred architectural imitation, using the Platonic notion of mimesis which then later finds expression in the medieval idea of imitatio. In Religious as well as in artistic and architectural forms of expression, the notion of imitation is indeed a very central and complex issue. At the heart of this concept is the question of meaning, or, more precisely, the transference or translation of meaning; from original to copy, from prototype to reproduction. / In order to better illustrate and understand the principles guiding the notion of medieval sacred architectural imitation I have chosen to focus on five specific instances surrounding the replication of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, arguably the most revered landmark in Christendom. / A close examination of the relationships which exist between model and copy will bring to the fore the dynamics which govern the process of mimesis by which meaning is reproduced in the architectural replicas. / From this comparative analysis will emerge a more universal picture of the medieval concept of religious imitation. Indeed, if anything, a preliminary survey of the great many imitations of the Holy Sepulcher spread throughout Europe reveals to the observer a surprising trend, namely a consistency of inconsistencies in their effort to "copy". / The present study will demonstrate that these seeming inconsistencies within the application of the mimetic process nevertheless reveal a somewhat unexpected structure. / From the pattern of these inconsistencies will emerge a clearer picture of the principles governing the transfer of sacred meaning via the method of imitatio during the Middle Ages.

Texte remanié de: Ph. D.--Neuphilologische Fakültat--Heidelberg--Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 1986.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-93).

Improvisation är ett ämne som teoretiserats och dissikerats inom jazzpedagogiken. Undervisningen utgår ofta från att lära sig rätt skalor och arpeggion över rätt ackord medan forskare och framstående jazzmusiker framhäver plankning och transkription som viktigt för att lära sig improvisera. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka hur plankning och transkription kan utveckla improvisationsförmågor. Metoden för detta arbete var att spela in mig själv när jag improviserar, planka fyra jazzsolon och sedan spela in mig själv igen för att analysera eventuella skillnader i mitt spel utifrån det jag plankat. Studien tyder på att plankning och transkription utvecklar improvisationsförmågor avseende fundamentala stildrag inom jazz såsom timing och frasering. I detta arbete har jag kommit fram till att plankning och transkribering är effektiva medel för att utveckla ett jazzspråk, men de bör kombineras med vedertagna metoder såsom Chord Scale Approach (CSA).