Les crises fébriles représentent l'évènement épileptique le plus fréquent dans l'espèce humaine et touchent 5 % de la population. Bien que la bénignité de leur pronostic ait été établie par de nombreuses études prospectives, une infime proportion de ces enfants va développer un syndrome d'épilepsie mésio-temporale avec sclérose de l'hippocampe. L'hypothèse de ce travail est que la crise fébrile serait nécessaire mais non suffisante au développement de ce type d'épilepsie, un second élément au potentiel épileptogène serait ainsi indispensable. Notre travail a montré que les crises hyperthermiques chez la souris constituent une bonne approche pour modéliser les crises fébriles de l'enfant. Nous avons ainsi montré que les conséquences des crises hyperthermiques étaient différentes selon la séquence de survenue par rapport au second évènement épileptogène. (i) Lorsque la crise hyperthermique précède l'injection de kaïnate dans l'hippocampe, elle accélère la phase d'épileptogenèse et majore la dispersion des cellules granulaires du gyrus denté, sans modifier la perte cellulaire des neurones pyramidaux de la corne d'Ammon. Elle entraine également une modification du pattern des décharges rythmiques hippocampiques lors de la phase chronique, sans modifier la fréquence ni la durée de ces décharges. (ii) Lorsque la crise hyperthermique succède à la présence d'une dysplasie de la partie CA3 de la corne d'Ammon d'origine génétique, elle semble diminuer le risque de crise chez les animaux KO pour le gène de la double cortine. Pourtant, l'augmentation de la fréquence d'une néo-expression du NPY par les cellules granulaires, chez les animaux Hz pour cette mutation, suggère que les crises hyperthermiques favoriseraient la route vers une épilepsie, tout en activant la mise en place de mécanismes protecteurs contre la survenue des crises. En conclusion, les crises hyperthermiques faciliteraient la route vers l'épilepsie, mais n'auraient pas d'effet facilitateur sur la route vers la crise. / Whereas febrile seizures are the most common seizure type in children and are reported in the history of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, their role in its etiology remains controversial. They have been suggested to modify the functional organization of the hippocampus but to require another insult to induce epilepsy. To test this hypothesis, we developed a model of hyperthermic seizures in mice and examined their long-term consequences on a second insult induced either by (i) intra-hippocampal kaïnic acid injection in adult animals or by (ii) hippocampal dysplasia developed by double-cortin knock-out mice. (i) While adults, mice that were subjected to hyperthermic seizures developed epileptogenesis more rapidly than sham mice. The occurrence and duration of hippocampal paroxysmal discharges were not modified by hyperthermic seizures, as was their mean time-frequency. In this model, hyperthermic seizures increased the granular cells dispersion, but have no influence on the massif pyramidal cell loss. (ii) In preexisting hippocampal dysplasia, the occurrence of hyperthermic seizures did not increase the proportion of seizures in double-cortin knock-out mice after hyperthermic seizures, and suggest that hyperthermic seizures rather might decrease recurrent seizures via the neo-expression of NPY. In conclusion, hyperthermic seizures in immature mice might facilitate the route to epilepsy, but did not exacerbate the route to seizures.

La cryoconservation d'ovocytes est une méthode qui faciliterait la conservation du potentiel génétique chez la femelle et permettrait plus de flexibilité dans l'application des techniques de reproduction assistée chez les animaux domestiques et les espèces en voie de disparition. Chez le cheval, le taux de réussite de cette technique est faible comparée à celui obtenu chez d’autres espèces animales. Par conséquent, plus d’études seront nécessaires pour élucider les mécanismes spécifiques responsables du faible taux de succès après la cryopréservation. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'effet de la vitrification d'ovocytes équins immatures sur leur taux de maturation, de clivage et le développement de blastocystes en utilisant un protocole de vitrification en trois étapes avec de l’ethylène glycol (EG) et du diméthylsulfoxyde (DMSO), ainsi que comparer l'effet des milieux hors congélation. Le protocole de vitrification utilisé dans la présente étude a été conçu en fonction des résultats obtenus au cours d’études préliminaires. Des ovocytes provenant de follicules immatures de juments ont été conservés pendant une nuit (14-18 heures) à température ambiante (~22⁰C) dans un milieu de maintien. Le lendemain, les ovocytes ont été dénudés et placés dans une solution de base (BS) composée de 20% de sérum de veau foetal (FBS) + M199/Hanks’ salts. Les ovocytes ont ensuite été répartis au hasard dans différents groupes : contrôle, vitrification et exposés aux agents cryoprotecteurs (CPA)-. Les ovocytes du groupe contrôle ont été immédiatement mis en maturation in vitro (IVM). Trois ovocytes ont été exposés à un protocole de vitrification en trois étapes décomposées en (1) solution de pré-vitrification (PVS) 1 (5% EG / 5 DMSO) 40s. (2) PVS 2 (10% EG / 10% DMSO) 40s et enfin, (3) solution de vitrification (VIT) (17,5% EG / 17,5% DMSO / 3 M saccharose) 10s. Le groupe vitrification est plongé dans l'azote liquide alors que les groupes CPA-exposés ont été exposés aux cryoprotecteurs mais n’ont pas été congelés. Les ovocytes ont ensuite été transférés sur un maillage en acier inoxydable stérile puis réchauffés à 42 ° C dans un BS pendant 5 min. Les ovocytes ont ensuite été soumis à l’IVM, fécondés par injection intracytoplasmique d’un spermatozoïde puis mis en culture dans le but de produire des embryons. Les différences en termes de maturation, de clivage et de taux de blastocystes entre les groupes ont été analysées par le test exact de Fisher. Le taux de maturation des deux groupes vitrification et CPA-exposés ne différait pas significativement avec le groupe contrôle. Aucun blastocyste n'a cependant été obtenu des groupes vitrification et CPA-exposés. Ces résultats ont montré que les ovocytes équins immatures peuvent maintenir une viabilité et une compétence méiotique après vitrification similaires à celles du groupe contrôle; de plus, l'exposition aux cryoprotecteurs n'a pas abouti à la formation de blastocystes en comparaison avec le groupe contrôle. Une étude plus approfondie sur la physiologie des ovocytes équins est nécessaire afin de pouvoir optimiser la production d’embryons. / Oocyte cryopreservation would facilitate the conservation of female genetic material and allow more flexibility in the application of assisted reproductive techniques in domestic animals and endangered species. The overall success rate of this technique in the horse is low compared with other species. Therefore, further research is required to elucidate the species-specific mechanisms responsible for poor survivability following vitrification. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on maturation rate, cleavage and blastocyst development of vitrified immature equine oocytes, using a three-step vitrification protocol with ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and comparing the effect of media without freezing. The vitrification protocol was designed based on the results of preliminary experiments. Oocytes were recovered from immature follicles of live mares. Oocytes were held overnight at room temperature (14-24 hrs) in a holding medium. Oocytes were then denuded and placed in a base solution (BS) composed of 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) + M199/Hanks’ salts. Oocytes were randomly allotted to control, vitrification, and cryoprotectant agents (CPAs)-exposed groups. Control oocytes were cultured directly for in-vitro maturation (IVM). Three oocytes were exposed to a three-step vitrification protocol composed of a pre-vitrification solution (PVS) 1 (5% EG/ 5% DMSO); PVS 2 (10% EG/ 10% DMSO) during 40s each; and finally vitrification solution (VS) (17.5% EG/ 17.5% DMSO/ 3 M sucrose), during 10s. All media were diluted in M199/Hanks’ salts + 20% FBS. Oocytes were then transferred to a 75-μm sterile stainless steel mesh. The oocytes were warmed at 42 °C in the BS for 5 minutes. Oocytes from the vitrified group were plunged into liquid nitrogen, while oocytes from CPA-exposed groups were only exposed to cryoprotectants. Oocytes were then subjected to IVM, fertilization and embryo culture. Fisher's Exact Test analyzed differences in maturation, cleavage and blastocyst rates between groups. The maturation rate of vitrified and CPA-exposed groups did not differ significantly from control oocytes. However, no blastocysts were obtained from CPA-exposed and vitrified groups. Vitrification and control groups showed that immature equine oocytes could maintain viability and meiotic competence; moreover, cryoprotectant exposure did not show any blastocyst formation as compared to control. Further investigation is necessary to understand the overall physiology of equine oocytes in order to optimize the developmental capacity of embryos.

No description available.

In this thesis, the life history and population biology of an endemic and declining California butterfly, Speyeria adiaste clemencei (Comstock, 1925) is described from Chews Ridge, Monterey Co., CA. S. a. clemencei can be successfully reared on commercially available Viola spp., facilitating captive rearing for restoration. Larvae of S. adiaste can be distinguished morphologically from sympatric S. callippe and S. coronis larvae based upon coloration of the dorsal and dorsolateral scoli, head capsule coloration, and coloration of setae, facilitating identification in the field. Adequate access to nectar sources throughout the flight period, especially during drought years, as well as host plant density and distribution, are critical aspects for maintaining viable S. a. clemencei populations. To gain a better understanding of its population biology, three seasons of weekly Pollard walk counts and two seasons of mark recapture (MR) were conducted. The population declined during the study period, which may be associated with decreasing rainfall. MR estimates were very strongly correlated with weekly Pollard walk counts. Differences in habitat use between the sexes were observed, with males showing a slight preference for ridge over meadow plots, whereas females preferred meadow plots containing Viola host plants. Analysis of survival and dispersal indicated this species is relatively short-lived with low dispersal ability, two traits associated with its life history that have important implications for re-colonization dynamics and population structure.

L’exploitation des ressources naturelles non conventionnelles en substitution du pétrole est un des défis du 21e siècle. La transformation microbiologique in situ de ces ressources en méthane est une des voies les plus prometteuses développées aujourd’hui mais son application reste à démontrer. Mes objectifs ont été de démontrer l'existence d'une conversion microbiologique en méthane de la matière organique (MO) de schistes immatures et de la quantifier pour extrapoler la production potentielle de méthane à l’échelle d’un bassin sédimentaire. Une méthode de détection et de suivi des consortia méthanogènes des schistes cartons en microcosmes, par une combinaison de PCR quantitative, GC-FID et pyrolyse Rock-Eval, a été mise au point et validée. Elle a été appliquée à l’étude de la distribution spatiale des méthanogènes dans les schistes cartons du bassin de Paris et à la démonstration de la méthanisation de la MO de ces roches. Les résultats montrent comme attendu la conversion des fractions solubles de la MO (bitume) par un consortium méthanogène isolé des schistes, mais également la transformation d’une fraction plus complexe (kérogène). L’absence de corrélation stricte entre la lithologie et la présence de méthanogènes actifs rend l’extrapolation au niveau du bassin plus difficile, mais la localisation des méthanogènes à la fois dans et hors les zones riches en MO constitue un avantage certain dans l'optique d'une exploitation économique de ces ressources. Ces travaux démontrent un potentiel élevé de production microbiologique de méthane dans le bassin de Paris et ouvrent la voie vers des études de faisabilité et rentabilité économique à l’échelle d’un site de production. / The exploitation of natural unconventional resources in substitution for petroleum is one of the challenges of the 21st century. In situ microbial transformation of these resources in methane is one of the most promising pathway currently developed, although its application needs to be demonstrated. My objectives were to demonstrate the existence of a microbial conversion into methane of the organic matter (OM) of immature shales, and to quantify it in order to extrapolate the potential for methane production of the rocks at the sedimentary basin scale. A method of detection and monitoring of methanogenic consortia from paper shales in microcosms, combining quantitative PCR, GC-FID and Rock-Eval pyrolysis, was developed and validated. It was used to study the spatial distribution of methanogens in paper shales of the Paris Basin and to demonstrate the methanization of the OM of these rocks. The results show the conversion of the soluble fractions of the OM (bitumen) by methanogenic consortia isolated from shales, but also the transformation of a more complex fraction (kerogen). No strict correlation was established between lithology and presence of active methanogens, which makes the extrapolation of methane production to the basin scale more difficult. However, the localization of methanogens in both OM-rich and OM-poor zones constitute an advantage in the perspective of an economic exploitation of these resources. This work demonstrates a great potential for microbial methane production in the Paris Basin and paves the way to studies of economic feasibility and profitability on the scale of a production site.

A lesão periapical é uma doença causada por micro-organismos presentes no sistema de canais radiculares, assim como por seus produtos e subprodutos e pelas reações desencadeadas no organismo. A base para a obtenção do sucesso pós-tratamento endodôntico é o controle da infecção. Com essa finalidade, novos sistemas de irrigação dos canais radiculares têm sido desenvolvidos, no qual a irrigação por Pressão Apical Negativa (EndoVac®) tem se destacado. O objetivo desse estudo in vivo foi efetuar uma avaliação histopatológica, histoenzimológica e histomicrobiológica, comparando o sistema EndoVac® com a irrigação convencional, em dentes de cães com rizogênese incompleta e lesão periapical crônica induzida experimentalmente. Um total de 52 canais radiculares de pré-molares com rizogênese incompleta foram aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo I - Irrigação com EndoVac® (n=15); Grupo II - Irrigação Convencional (n=17); Grupo III - Dente hígido (controle negativo) (n=10) e Grupo IV - Dente com lesão e sem tratamento (controle positivo) (n=10). Após indução de lesões periapicais nos dentes dos Grupos I, II e IV, os dentes dos grupos I e II foram instrumentados com limas manuais, empregando o EndoVac® e a irrigação convencional, respectivamente. Decorridos 90 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados e os espécimes submetidos ao processamento histotécnico para a análise histopatológica morfológica e morfométrica em cortes corados com HE, sob microscopia convencional e de fluorescência. Foi realizada também a histoenzimologia para a Fosfatase Ácida Resistente ao Tartarato (TRAP), para a marcação de osteoclastos, e a coloração de Brown e Brenn, para avaliar a presença de bactérias, sua localização e concentração/intensidade. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio dos testes de qui-quadrado, Fisher, Anova e pós-teste de Tukey. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Os resultados obtidos na avaliação dos parâmetros histopatológicos evidenciaram diferença significante entre os Grupos I e II (p<0,05), observando-se no Grupo I predomínio de infiltrado inflamatório de menor magnitude, menor espessura do ligamento periodontal e menor reabsorção dos tecidos mineralizados. Embora não tenha sido verificada diferença significante entre esses grupos com relação à extensão das lesões periapicais em microscopia de fluorescência, e com relação à presença, localização e intensidade da contaminação bacteriana, foi observado menor número de osteoclastos no Grupo I (p<0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo in vivo permitiram concluir que a irrigação por pressão apical negativa (EndoVac®) apresentou melhores resultados biológicos, quando comparada à irrigação convencional, favorecendo a ocorrência do processo de reparo, em dentes com rizogênese incompleta e lesão periapical. / The apical periodontitis is a disease caused by microorganisms from the root canal system, as well as their products, by-products and the reactions triggered in the host. The postendodontic treatment success is based in the control of the infection. For this purpose, new irrigation systems of root canals have been developed, in which apical Negative Pressure (EndoVac®) have been highlighted. The objective of this in vivo study was to perform a histopathological, histoenzymology and histomicrobiologic evaluation, comparing the EndoVac® system with the conventional irrigation, in immature teeth of dogs with apical periodontitis experimentally induced. A total of 52 root canals of immature pre-molars were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Group I - EndoVac® Irrigation (n= 15); Group II - Conventional Irrigation (n= 17); Group III - Sound Tooth (negative control) (n= 10) and Group IV - Tooth with apical periodontitis without treatment (positive control) (n= 10). After induction of apical periodontitis in teeth of the Groups I, II and IV, in the groups I and II, the teeth were instrumented with manuals files, using EndoVac® and conventional irrigation, respectively. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the specimens subjected to histotechnic for histopathological, morphologic and morphometric analysis in HE-stained sections, under conventional and fluorescence microscopy. The histoenzymology for the phosphatase-Resistant Acid tartrate (TRAP), for the identification of osteoclasts, and the Brown and Brenn staining method to assess the presence of bacteria, their location and concentration/intensity were also performed. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, ANOVA and Tukey post-test. The level of significance was set at 5%. The results obtained in the evaluation of histopathological parameters demonstrated a significant difference between groups I and II (p< 0.05). In the Group I, the predominance was inflammatory infiltrate of low magnitude, small thickness of the periodontal ligament and less resorption of mineralized tissues. Although the periapical lesions extension in fluorescence microscopy, and the presence, location, and intensity of bacterial contamination was not significant different between these groups, a lower number of osteoclasts in Group I (p< 0.05) was observed. The results of this in vivo study allowed us to conclude that the irrigation with EndoVac® presents best biological results in relation to conventional irrigation, favored the occurrence of the repair process, in immature teeth with apical periodontitis.

A lesão periapical é uma doença causada por micro-organismos presentes no sistema de canais radiculares, assim como por seus produtos e subprodutos e pelas reações desencadeadas no organismo. A base para a obtenção do sucesso pós-tratamento endodôntico é o controle da infecção. Com essa finalidade, novos sistemas de irrigação dos canais radiculares têm sido desenvolvidos, no qual a irrigação por Pressão Apical Negativa (EndoVac®) tem se destacado. O objetivo desse estudo in vivo foi efetuar uma avaliação histopatológica, histoenzimológica e histomicrobiológica, comparando o sistema EndoVac® com a irrigação convencional, em dentes de cães com rizogênese incompleta e lesão periapical crônica induzida experimentalmente. Um total de 52 canais radiculares de pré-molares com rizogênese incompleta foram aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo I - Irrigação com EndoVac® (n=15); Grupo II - Irrigação Convencional (n=17); Grupo III - Dente hígido (controle negativo) (n=10) e Grupo IV - Dente com lesão e sem tratamento (controle positivo) (n=10). Após indução de lesões periapicais nos dentes dos Grupos I, II e IV, os dentes dos grupos I e II foram instrumentados com limas manuais, empregando o EndoVac® e a irrigação convencional, respectivamente. Decorridos 90 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados e os espécimes submetidos ao processamento histotécnico para a análise histopatológica morfológica e morfométrica em cortes corados com HE, sob microscopia convencional e de fluorescência. Foi realizada também a histoenzimologia para a Fosfatase Ácida Resistente ao Tartarato (TRAP), para a marcação de osteoclastos, e a coloração de Brown e Brenn, para avaliar a presença de bactérias, sua localização e concentração/intensidade. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio dos testes de qui-quadrado, Fisher, Anova e pós-teste de Tukey. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Os resultados obtidos na avaliação dos parâmetros histopatológicos evidenciaram diferença significante entre os Grupos I e II (p<0,05), observando-se no Grupo I predomínio de infiltrado inflamatório de menor magnitude, menor espessura do ligamento periodontal e menor reabsorção dos tecidos mineralizados. Embora não tenha sido verificada diferença significante entre esses grupos com relação à extensão das lesões periapicais em microscopia de fluorescência, e com relação à presença, localização e intensidade da contaminação bacteriana, foi observado menor número de osteoclastos no Grupo I (p<0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo in vivo permitiram concluir que a irrigação por pressão apical negativa (EndoVac®) apresentou melhores resultados biológicos, quando comparada à irrigação convencional, favorecendo a ocorrência do processo de reparo, em dentes com rizogênese incompleta e lesão periapical. / The apical periodontitis is a disease caused by microorganisms from the root canal system, as well as their products, by-products and the reactions triggered in the host. The postendodontic treatment success is based in the control of the infection. For this purpose, new irrigation systems of root canals have been developed, in which apical Negative Pressure (EndoVac®) have been highlighted. The objective of this in vivo study was to perform a histopathological, histoenzymology and histomicrobiologic evaluation, comparing the EndoVac® system with the conventional irrigation, in immature teeth of dogs with apical periodontitis experimentally induced. A total of 52 root canals of immature pre-molars were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Group I - EndoVac® Irrigation (n= 15); Group II - Conventional Irrigation (n= 17); Group III - Sound Tooth (negative control) (n= 10) and Group IV - Tooth with apical periodontitis without treatment (positive control) (n= 10). After induction of apical periodontitis in teeth of the Groups I, II and IV, in the groups I and II, the teeth were instrumented with manuals files, using EndoVac® and conventional irrigation, respectively. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the specimens subjected to histotechnic for histopathological, morphologic and morphometric analysis in HE-stained sections, under conventional and fluorescence microscopy. The histoenzymology for the phosphatase-Resistant Acid tartrate (TRAP), for the identification of osteoclasts, and the Brown and Brenn staining method to assess the presence of bacteria, their location and concentration/intensity were also performed. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, ANOVA and Tukey post-test. The level of significance was set at 5%. The results obtained in the evaluation of histopathological parameters demonstrated a significant difference between groups I and II (p< 0.05). In the Group I, the predominance was inflammatory infiltrate of low magnitude, small thickness of the periodontal ligament and less resorption of mineralized tissues. Although the periapical lesions extension in fluorescence microscopy, and the presence, location, and intensity of bacterial contamination was not significant different between these groups, a lower number of osteoclasts in Group I (p< 0.05) was observed. The results of this in vivo study allowed us to conclude that the irrigation with EndoVac® presents best biological results in relation to conventional irrigation, favored the occurrence of the repair process, in immature teeth with apical periodontitis.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-15T17:25:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marianamonteirodecastro.pdf: 2120293 bytes, checksum: dcba0c3cda52c2a4e9b102a13ed8b6c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-16T11:25:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marianamonteirodecastro.pdf: 2120293 bytes, checksum: dcba0c3cda52c2a4e9b102a13ed8b6c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T11:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marianamonteirodecastro.pdf: 2120293 bytes, checksum: dcba0c3cda52c2a4e9b102a13ed8b6c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A vespa social Mischocyttarus cassununga ocorre no sudeste do Brasil, Bahia e Santa Catarina e apresenta fundação do tipo independente por meio de uma fêmea inseminada ou por uma associação destas fêmeas, sendo o papel social dos indivíduos determinado por meio de interações de dominância. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento dos estágios imaturos e analisar a ocorrência de oofagia durante as fases de pré e pós-emergência e sua relação com os fatores climáticos, além de identificar e relacionar as interações de dominância com a atividade forrageadora e verificar a participação da fêmea α no controle das atividades das forrageadoras de M. cassununga nas fases de pré e pós-emergência em ambiente antropizado. O estudo foi realizado em Juiz de Fora de julho/2008 a junho/2009, através de mapeamentos semanais em 60 colônias e de 150h de filmagens em cinco colônias. A duração média dos estágios imaturos nas fases de pré e pós-emergência foram de 13,2 ±4,2 (6-24) e 14,4 ±5,2 (6-28) dias para ovos, 34,8 ±11,9 (15-69) e 32,2 ±7,7 (18-55) para larvas e 17,4 ±6 (7-29) e 18,5 ±5,3 (629) para pupas, respectivamente. Não houve diferença para a duração entre as fases de desenvolvimento e entre as estações do ano. A média registrada da fase de ovo até a emergência adulto foi de 65 dias. Houve maior incidência de oofagia em pré do que em pós (x2=11,852; p=0,007) e diferença para a razão entre oofagia/célula (U=58; p=0,023). Houve maior ocorrência de oofagia na estação chuvosa (x2=53,878; p<0,001). Foram descritos para o etograma cinco atos de dominância e quatro de subordinação. A fêmea α permaneceu na primeira posição do rank, com maior frequência de comportamentos de dominâcia na pré (U=3; p=0,047) e na pós (U=3; p=0,047). Houve correspondência entre o Índice de Dominância e a Matriz de Dominância em 4 das 5 colônias para a posição da fêmea α, que participaram menos das atividades forrageadoras do que as demais na pré (x2=63,131; p<0,001) e na pós (x2=51,882; p<0,001). As saídas foram influenciadas pela fêmea α na pré (x2=10,652; p=0,001) e na pós (x2=52,509; p<0,001). A quantidade de retornos das forrageadoras provenientes de saídas influenciadas em que houve coleta de carboidrato foi superior aos demais na pós (x2=38; p<0,001) e a fêmea α teve participação em todos os retornos com recursos. Foram identificadas diferentes rotas das forrageadoras ao retornarem à colônia com os recursos 7 coletados no forrageio. Portanto, foi verificado que a fêmea α induz as saídas das forrageadoras e controla os retornos das mesmas à colônia. / The social wasp Mischocyttarus cassununga occurs in the southeast of Brazil, Bahia and Santa Catarina and presents independent foundation, by means of an inseminated female or an association of them, where individuals' social function determined by dominance interactions. The aim of this work was to characterize the development of the immature stages and to analyze oophagy occurrence during the pre and post-emergency phases and its relation with the climatic factors, besides to identify and to relate dominance interactions with the foraging activity and to verify the α female participation in foraging activities control of M. cassununga in the pre and post-emergency phases in antropized environment. The study was accomplished in Juiz de Fora from july/2008 to june/2009, through weekly mappings in 60 colonies and of 150h of videotape in five colonies. The average duration of the immature stages in the pre and post-emergency phases went of 13,2 ±4,2 (6-24) and 14,4 ±5,2 (6-28) days for egg, 34,8 ±11,9 (15-69) and 32,2 ±7,7 (18-55) for larvae and 17,4 ±6 (7-29) and 18,5 ±5,3 (6-29) for pupae, respectively. There was no difference on the duration among development phases and seasons. The average registered of the egg phase until the adult emergency belonged to 65 days. There was more oophagy in pre than in post-emergence (x2=11,852; P=0,007) and difference for the reason between oophagy/cells (U=58; P=0,023). There was more oophagy at the rainy season (x2=53,878; P<0,001). For etogram, there were described five dominance acts and four of subordination. The α female remained in the first rank position, with dominance behaviors larger frequency in the pre (U=3; P=0,047) and in the post (U=3; P=0,047). There was correspondence between Dominance's Index and Matrix in 4 of the 5 colonies for the α female position that joined less of the foraging activities than the others in the pre (x2=63,131; P<0,001) and in the post (x2=51,882; P<0,001). The exits were influenced by the α female in the pre (x2=10,652; P=0,001) and in the post (x2=52,509; P<0,001). The numbers of returns originating of foragers exits with carbohydrate collection was superior to the others resources in the post (x2=38; P<0,001) and the α female had participation in all returns with resources. They were identified foragers different routes to the return to the colony with resources collected in the forage. Therefore, It was verified that the α female induces the foragers exits and controls them returns to the colony.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-22T12:49:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_RafaelaSantana.2018.pdf: 10128840 bytes, checksum: 442134efbb618d4c2b83d92da2fdf8a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-08-22T12:49:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_RafaelaSantana.2018.pdf: 10128840 bytes, checksum: 442134efbb618d4c2b83d92da2fdf8a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_RafaelaSantana.2018.pdf: 10128840 bytes, checksum: 442134efbb618d4c2b83d92da2fdf8a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-09 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This article provide a Geoarchaeological contribution for the study of the settlement of the Pontão (AM-SL-06) and Santa Helena (AM-SL-07) archeological sites located in the Lower Urubu River, in the township of Silves, Amazonas. The objective is analyze the deposition system of the archaeological vestiges and characterizing the black earth of indian and ceramic artifacts related to these sites. The methodology process adopted is based on a morphological, mineralogical and chemical analysis of soil samples, sediments and ceramic traces. The soils of the region are classified as immature profiles, formed on Alter do Chao formation, the mineralogy is represented by quartz, kaolinite, hematite, gibbsite and goethite, the sediments come from alluvial deposits that constitute a clay-sandy material, mineralogically composed by 2: 1 clay, quartz and iron oxides. The black soil can reach 40 to 220 cm depth, with a sandy granulometry for Pontão site and a sandy-clay for Santa Helena site, consisting of quartz and kaolinite and high proportions of Ti, Zr, Ag and Mn. Ceramics artifacts are commonly associated as pre colonial period: Incisal Edge Tradition an the Saracá regional Tradition, being mineralogically constituted by quartz, kaolinite, smithite, illite, gibbsite, hematite, feldspar, phosphates, and presents additional seasonings to the blend of cauixi, cariape and ceramics shards, which are distinguished only by the proportion of this constituents for each of the studied sites. Based on the analyzes of ceramic data is possible to infer two places as being the material provider: the first, associated to the immature profiles is formed on the cretaceous deposits and the second, associated to the sediments is coming from the alluvial deposits present in the lakes of the region, which currently provides primary resources for the manufacture of tiles and bricks. For questioning about the origin of the resource areas and manufacturing of the artifacts from the studied sites, we can correlate that the ceramics were produced locally with the raw material available in the region. / Este trabalho apresenta as contribuições da Geoarqueologia no estudo sobre o assentamento dos sítios arqueológicos Pontão (AM-SL-06) e Santa Helena (AM-SL-07), localizados na região do baixo rio Urubu, no município de Silves, Amazonas. O objetivo está em analisar o ambiente de deposição dos vestígios arqueológicos e caracterizar a terra preta de índio e artefatos cerâmicos relacionados a estes sítios. A metodologia adota está na analises morfológica, mineralógica e química das amostras de solos, sedimentos e vestígios cerâmicos. Os solos da região são classificados como perfis imaturos, formados sobre a Formação Alter do chão, com mineralogia representada por quartzo, caulinita, hematita, gibbsita e goethita, os sedimentos são provenientes dos Depósitos Aluvionares que constituem um material argilo-arenoso, compostos mineralogicamente por argilominerais do tipo 2:1, quartzo e óxidos de ferro. A terra preta nestes sítios alcança profundidades entre 40 a 220 cm, com granulometria arenosa para o Sítio Pontão e argilo-arenosa para o Sítio Santa Helena, constituídas por quartzo e caulinita e proporções altas de Ti, Zr, Ag e Mn. Os artefatos cerâmicos são associados as fases cerâmicas pré-coloniais: Tradição Borda Incisa e a Tradição Regional Saracá, sendo constituídas mineralogicamente por quartzo, caulinita, esmectitas, illita, gibbsita, hematita, feldspatos, fosfatos e apresentam temperos adicionados a sua mistura de cauixi, cariapé e cacos cerâmicos, sendo diferenciados apenas pelas proporções destes constituintes para cada um dos sítios estudados. Com base nas análises feitas é possível atribuir dois lugares como áreas de proveniência de matéria prima desses artefatos cerâmicos: o primeiro, associado aos perfis de solos imaturos formados sobre os depósitos cretáceos e o segundo, associado aos sedimentos provenientes dos depósitos aluvionares presentes nos lagos da região, que atualmente constituem depósitos de matéria prima para a fabricação de telhas e tijolos. Para questionamentos sobre áreas fontes e fabricação destes artefatos dos sítios estudados, podemos correlacionar que as cerâmicas foram produzidas localmente com a matéria prima disponível na região.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T11:56:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 biancacarvalhodasilva.pdf: 1674027 bytes, checksum: c5eec1256778b071c02c01d37079c6bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-18T13:39:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 biancacarvalhodasilva.pdf: 1674027 bytes, checksum: c5eec1256778b071c02c01d37079c6bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T13:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 biancacarvalhodasilva.pdf: 1674027 bytes, checksum: c5eec1256778b071c02c01d37079c6bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Musca domestica é um importante vetor mecânico de diversos patógenos para humanos e animais de criação, sendo essencial o estudo de novas alternativas de controle mais eficientes e seguras para este díptero. A busca por novas alternativas de inseticidas envolve experimentos que geralmente necessitam do uso de solventes que não interfiram nos resultados da substância testada. Assim, o presente estudo compreendeu duas etapas: investigar a sensibilidade de larvas e pupas de M. domestica aos solventes acetona, etanol, metanol e dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) e ao surfactante Tween 80 em diferentes tempos de volatilização; e avaliar a toxicidade dos fenilpropanoides eugenol e (E)-cinamaldeído sobre os mesmo estágios deste díptero. Para ambos os experimentos utilizou-se o teste de contato, com 10 repetições (n=10) para cada solvente/surfactante e concentração das substâncias sobre cada estágio. No primeiro experimento foram testados acetona, etanol e metanol em pureza analítica e DMSO e Tween 80 na concentração de 5%. Os tempos avaliados foram zero, cinco, 10 e 15 minutos (23±2°C e 60±10% UR). Os resultados mostraram que o tempo de volatilização produz diferença significativa na mortalidade larval (ML) para os três primeiros solventes testados, e acetona mostrou-se semelhante ao controle após cinco minutos de volatilização (p>0,05). Metanol e etanol mostraram-se semelhantes ao controle após 15 minutos de volatilização (p>0,05). DMSO não apresentou ML significativa (p>0,05), no entanto apresentou percenbtual de mortalidade acumulada (PMA) superiores a 14% (p<0,05). Tween 80 não apresentou diferença na toxicidade sobre as larvas relacionada ao tempo. Para o teste com pupas somente etanol produziu diferença significativa entre os tempos de volatilização, enquanto acetona e metanol diferiram do controle em todos os tratamentos (p<0,05). DMSO e Tween 80 não diferiram significativamente do controle em nenhum tempo (p˃0,05). O surfactante Tween 80 foi o único que não apresentou toxicidade para ambos os estágios na concentração testada, porém acetona foi o solvente que volatilizou mais rapidamente, mostrando menor toxicidade entre aqueles testados em pureza analítica. Para o segundo experimento, foram utilizadas oito concentrações de cada substância para a determinação das concentrações letais (CL50 e CL90). Eugenol apresentou os menores valores de CL50 e CL90, para a eficácia do tratamento larval (ETL) (1,5 e 3,75 mg/mL, respectivamente) enquanto (E)-cinamaldeido apresentou os menores valores de CL50 e CL90 para a eficácia do tratamento pupal (ETP) (18,08 e 78,83 mg/mL, respectivamente). Ambas as substâncias apresentaram atividade larvicida a partir de 2,5 mg/mL e ETL de 100% a partir de 5 mg/mL. Para o tratamento pupal (E)-cinamaldeído diferiu do controle a partir da 13 concentração de 10mg/mL (p<0,05) e ambos os fenilpropanoides causaram má formação em adultos a partir de 10 mg/mL, e maior ETP na concentração de 30 mg/mL, sendo 67,2% para (E)-cinamaldeído e 32% para eugenol. Os produtos testados nesse estudo apresentaram elevado potencial larvicida, além de ambos apresentarem efeitos pupicida e causarem má formação nos adultros provenientes de pupas tratadas. Ainda, é possível sugerir a utilização conjunta de ambas substância para um controle mais eficiente, visto que (E)-cinamaldeído apresentou melhor atividade larvicida, enquanto eugenol teve melhor atividade pupicida. Desta forma, esses fenilpropanoides mostrando-se promissores para o uso no desenvolvimento de formulações mais seguras para a saúde e meio ambiente, sendo possível sua utilização em estratégias de Manejo Integrado de Pragas. / Musca domestica is an important mechanical vector of several pathogens to humans and domestic animals, being essential to study new alternatives to eficiente and safe control against this Diptera. The search for new insecticides alternative involves experiments that generally require the use of solvents that should not interfere in the results of the test substance. Thus, this study involved two stages: to investigate the sensitivity of M. domestica larvae and pupae to the solvents acetone, ethanol, methanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and the surfactant Tween 80 at different times of volatilization; and evaluating toxicity of phenylpropanoid eugenol and (E)-cinnamaldehyde against the same stages of this Diptera. For both experiments were used the patch test with 10 repetitions (n=10) for each solvent/surfactant and concentration of substances against each stage. In the first experiment acetone, ethanol and methanol were tested in analytical purity while DMSO and Tween 80 at the concentration of 5%. The times evaluated were zero, five, 10 and 15 minutes (23±2°C and 60±10% RH). The results showed that the volatilization time produces significant difference in larval mortality (LM) for the first three solvents tested, and acetone was similar to the control after five minutes volatilization (p>0.05). Methanol and ethanol were similar to the control after 15 minutes of evaporation (p>0.05). DMSO showed no significant LM (p> 0.05), but its accumulated mortality percenbtual (AMP) was over 14% (p<0.05). Tween 80 showed no difference in toxicity againts larvae related to time. For the pupae test only ethanol produced significant difference between the evaporation time, while acetone and methanol differed from the control in all treatments (p<0.05). DMSO and Tween 80 did not differ significantly from control at any time (p>0.05). The surfactant Tween 80 was the only one that showed no toxicity for both stages at the concentration tested, however the solvent acetone was volatilized more quickly, showing lower toxicity among those tested in analytical purity. For the second experiment, we used eight concentrations of each substance for the determination of lethal doses (LC50 and LC90). Eugenol showed the lowest values of LC50 and LC90 for the effectiveness of larval treatment (ELT) (1.5 and 3.75 mg/mL, respectively) while (E)-cinnamaldehyde had the lowest values of LC50 and LC90 for effectiveness of pupal treatment (EPT) (18.08 and 78.83 mg/mL, respectively). Both substances exhibited larvicidal activity from 2.5 mg/mL and ELT of 100% from 5 mg/mL. For pupal treatment (E)cinnamaldehyde differed from the control from the concentration of 10mg/mL (p <0.05) and both phenylpropanoid caused malformation in adults from 10 mg/mL. The greater EPT was from concentration of 30 mg/mL, being 67.2% for (E)-cinnamaldehyde and 32% for eugenol. 15 The products tested in this study had high potential larvicide, and both present pupicida effects and cause malformation in adultros from treated pupae. Still, it is possible to suggest the combined use of both substance for more efficient control, as (E)-cinamaldeído showed better larvicidal activity, while eugenol had better pupicida activity. Thus, using these phenylpropanoids show promise in the development of safer formulations for health and the environment, and these could be used in Integrated Pest Management strategies.