Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Business persons engaging in BEE deals, pertaining to ownership, encounter many obstacles and challenges relating to the formulation of appropriate structures and solutions during the deal process. The SMME market is arguably one of the most critical contributors towards the SA GDP and a sector of the economy with the most growth potential as noted from recent history, especially relating to BEE ownership. It is in the above frame of reference that the research report attempts to follow a logical flow of events that the business persons in the SMME market would encounter. The report therefore has a holistic approach to this market and although many of the concepts could be applied to a variety of industries and even to other market segments, based on size, the primary objective and research has been centred around SMME’s. The core concepts that are covered relate to: - Understanding the essence of BEE and BBBEE as well as Government’s role as conduit to empowerment. The various elements under the BEE scorecard will also be a prominent factor as ownership only accounts for a portion of the entire BBBEE rating. - Aligning the BEE deal to strategy is a crucial consideration and entails attracting the right partner and ensuring that the BEE transaction is directed at value creation, growth and sustainability of the business. The transaction should make strategic and economic sense. - Determining firm value is in all probability one of the most complex issues and business owners should merely attempt to understand and interpret the vastly complicated process that may be presented by business brokers or valuers that facilitate the BEE deal. The fair value concept and required adjustments could be influential in the valuation process as well as choosing the correct valuation methodology. - Business tax structure. This is also a complex process that may vary significantly from business to business. Certain legislative impediments are influential and various amendments may also influence future structuring of BEE deals. The use of SPV’s is a prominent theme highlighted in this research report as it is very often the most preferred structure. - The BEE deal. This may have to consider hybrid financial solution from various sources, such as senior debt, franchise funding, mezzanine debt including venture capitalists, non-traditional lending sources and alternative supporting or indirect funders to the business. The lending criteria principles relating to cash conversion cycle, free cash flow and sustainable growth rate have also briefly been covered. BEE transactions inevitably enter an area of uncertainty for business persons when it comes to drafting business plans, determining the BEE scorecard, structuring the new shareholding and many other factors. In other words, they may not have the necessary business or financial acumen to prepare a satisfactory business proposal to attract lenders to the deal. It is therefore crucial to understand the different elements of the BEE deal formulation process, which is exactly the intent of this research report. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Besigheidspersone wat SEB-transaksies met betrekking tot eienaarskap aangaan, ondervind baie struikelblokke en uitdagings in verband met die formulering van toepaslike strukture en oplossings wanneer die transaksie aangegaan word. Die KMMO-mark is stellig een van die mees kritieke bydraers tot die SA BBP en ’n sektor van die ekonomie met die meeste groeipotensiaal, soos die onlangse geskiedenis ons geleer het, veral met betrekking tot SEB-eienaarskap. Dit is met bogenoemde in gedagte dat hierdie navorsingsverslag poog om ’n logiese vloei van gebeure te volg wat die sakepersone in die KMMO-mark sal teëkom. Die verslag het dus ’n holistiese benadering tot hierdie mark en hoewel baie van die konsepte op ’n verskeidenheid nywerhede en selfs op ander marksegmente, gegrond op grootte, toegepas kan word, is die primêre doelwit en navorsing op KMMO’s gerig. Die kernkonsepte wat behandel word, het betrekking op: - Begrip van die kern van SEB en BBSEB asook die Regering se rol as geleibuis tot bemagtiging. Die verskillende elemente van die SEB-telkaart is ook ’n belangrike faktor aangesien eienaarskap net ’n gedeelte van die algehele BBSEB-aanslag verteenwoordig. - Die inlynstelling van die SEB-transaksie met die strategie is ’n kritieke oorweging en behels die lok van die regte vennoot en die versekering dat die SEB-transaksie tot waardeskepping, groei en volhoubaarheid van die besigheid gerig is. Die transaksie moet strategiese en ekonomiese sin maak. - Die bepaling van stewige waarde is in alle waarskynlikheid een van die mees komplekse kwessies en besigheidseienaars moet bloot probeer om die enorme gekompliseerde proses te verstaan en te interpreteer wat deur besigheidsmakelaars en waardeerders wat die SEB-transaksie fasiliteer, voorgelê word. Die billikewaarde-konsep en die vereiste regstellings kan invloedryk op die waardasieproses asook die keuse van die korrekte waardasiemetodologie wees. - Besigheidsbelastingstrukturering is ook ’n komplekse proses wat aansienlik van besigheid tot besigheid verskil. Sekere wetlike struikelblokke is invloedryk en verskeie wysigings kan ook toekomstige strukturering van SEB-transaksies beïnvloed. Die gebruik van SDV’s is ’n prominente tema wat in hierdie dokument uitgelig word aangesien dit in die reël die verkieslikste struktuur is. - Die SEB-transaksie sal moontlik hibridiese finansiële oplossings van verskeie bronne soos seniorskuld, franchise-befondsing, tussenskuld insluitend waagkapitaliste, nie-tradisionele uitleenbronne en alternatiewe ondersteunende of indirekte befondsers van die besigheid moet oorweeg. Die uitleenkriteriabeginsels met betrekking tot kontantomskeppingsiklus, vry kontantvloei en volhoubare groeikoers word ook kortliks gedek. SEB-transaksies betree onvermydelik ’n gebied van onsekerheid vir sakepersone wanneer dit kom by die opstel van besigheidsplanne, die bepaling van die SEB-telkaart, die strukturering van die nuwe aandeelhouding en baie ander faktore. Met ander woorde, hulle kan moontlik nie die nodige besigheids- of finansiële vernuf hê om ’n bevredigende besigheidsvoorlegging op te stel wat uitleners na die transaksie sal aantrek nie. Dit is dus kritiek om die verskillende elemente van die formulering van die SEB-transaksie te verstaan, wat presies die doel van hierdie navorsingsverslag is.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIR - Isivone Pereira Chaves.pdf: 964461 bytes, checksum: cd5b66253cc24a82c33ba621ac0d6a92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-22 / It analyzed in the present study the declaration of matrimonial nullity in the Canonical Right and in the Civil Right, the brightest notes from the Code of Canonical Right of 1983, and of the Brazilian Civil Code that entered in validity on January 10,2003 presenting previously the essential properties of the marriage, concept, the reasons for the matrimonial nullity in those two legislations; at the end it was about the effects and of the procedure for obtaining the nullity declarations in the Canonical Right. It considered that in Spain, Italy, Portugal and Dominican Republic, for concordat force among the State and the Church, the religious celebration of the marriage and the nullity declaration dictated by the Ecclesiastical Tribunal have civil effects once assisted the determination in the law. It presented proposal so that in Brazil, as well as the married couple can attribute civil effects to the religious celebration of the marriage proceeding to the previous or posterior recording of the celebration before the civil official registration, and having certification of inexistence of impediments to request the registration in the occupation of the Civil registration of the Natural People so that the religious marriage has civil effects, there also be, legal disposition that checks civil effects to the declaration of nullity of those marriages when dictated by the Ecclesiastical Tribunal / Analisou no presente estudo a declaração de nulidade matrimonial no Direito Canônico e no Direito Civil, a luz do Código de Direito Canônico de1983, e do Código Civil brasileiro que entrou em vigência em 10 de janeiro de 2003, apresentando preliminarmente as propriedade essenciais do matrimônio, conceito, os motivos ensejadores da nulidade matrimonial nessas duas legislações; ao final tratou dos efeitos e do procedimento para obtenção da declaração de nulidade no Direito Canônico. Considerou que na Espanha, Itália, Portugal e República Dominicana, por força de concordata firmada entre o Estado e a Igreja, a celebração religiosa do matrimônio e a declaração de nulidade ditada pelo Tribunal Eclesiástico tem efeitos civil uma vez atendido o disposto na lei. Apresentou proposta para que no Brasil, assim como os nubentes podem atribuir efeitos civis à celebração religiosa do casamento uma vez procedendo à habilitação previa ou posterior à celebração perante o oficial do registro civil, e havendo certificação de inexistência de impedimentos requerer a inscrição no ofício do Registro Civil das Pessoas Naturais para que o casamento religioso tenha efeitos civis, haja também, disposição legal que confira efeitos civis à declaração de nulidade desses casamentos quando ditadas pelo Tribunal Eclesiástico

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of self-initiated professional development of English language teachers at English Language School of BaSkent University. Within this framework, teachers&amp / #8217 / attitudes towards their professional development, their perceptions of major professional development activities, and the factors that hinder change and growth in teachers were investigated. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire administered to 110 English language teachers at BaSkent University. The questionnaire consisted of both open-ended and close-ended items and the data collected were analyzed descriptively to understand the general trends and differences among teachers. The data analysis revealed that the teachers agreed with most of the concepts that reflect the importance of professional development. In addition, they were aware of the importance of major professional development activities for their growth. However, peer observation and action research, which are developmental activities, were not favoured as much as the other activities. In addition, it was found that the teachers did not make use of the activities as much as they gave importance to. Furthermore, teachers showed significant differences in importance given to and making use of the activities by the background variables. Female teachers, young teachers and the teachers who do not have much experience seemed to give more importance to and actualize some of the professional development activities more than the other teachers. Meanwhile, it was also noted that the listed factors that hinder growth were all found important by the teachers. The most important impediments to growth were indicated as excessive workload, lack of self-motivation and lack of institutional support for professional development.

This research addresses legislative impediments inherent to working in the government construction industry by investigating whether benefits exist when using alternative project delivery methods, and whether legislative limitations allowing the use of alternative project delivery methods impede any such benefits from being realized. The research begins by defining the project delivery method process, and explains in detail the four primary types and how they function. The research then provides a qualitative study that presents the perceived advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then, a second literature review provides an overview of previously published research in project delivery method selection, and examines federal and state legislative trends to establish the growing debate associated with alternative project delivery methods, focusing on the design-build method of project delivery. Finally, a quantitative analysis is presented to test whether federal and state legislative limitations influence the realization of any benefits of alternative project delivery methods, and specifically design-build, for federal projects. Project characteristics from the U.S. General Services Administration Capital Construction Project database are tested. The research suggests that when an alternative project delivery method, specifically design-build, is chosen, there are benefits in time and cost savings, and the ability to use the alternative project delivery method is affected by the removal of federal and state legislative impediments.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the impediments of the ECD programme with the intention to develop an integrated strategy. The study was qualitative. The study used applied research. Within the context of applied research, exploratory-descriptive a" multiple-case study research design was utilized to accomplish the goal of the study." In this study, the researcher" utilized two sets of the population to participate in the study. The study used "non-probability sampling and, specifically, purposive sampling. The criteria to select the participants were used. The participants included in the study were, Early "Childhood development Practitioners and social workers coordinating the ECD programme in Vhembe District Municipality. The focus group interviews and one-to-one individual interviews (structured one-toone interview) was used to collect data from the participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study findings revealed that ECD centres have different types of impediments that affect the smooth-running of the ECD programme. The following are issues that impede the proper implementation of the ECD programme in Vhembe District Municipalities: infrastructure (e.g. no running water, no electricity and no proper building), poor financial support from the government, lack of resources within the centre, lack of community support and inadequate financial support by local businesses. The findings reveal that other ECD centres were established without basic training by the government. The study found that ECD centres admit children that exceed the expected number. Secondly, the ECD practitioner-child ratio was not considered. The study revealed that ECD practitioners from all municipalities showed different perceptions and attitudes towards services that are rendered, which is also based on the treatment that they get from social workers and the poor support received from the parents of the children. The study also found that ECD centres are being monitored by three different offices, the district office; NPO, and the local social worker. An ECD integrated strategy was developed to address the impediments that impact the proper implementation of the ECD programme. / National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-24T12:51:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus Vinicius Comenale Pujol.pdf: 38441174 bytes, checksum: 64737585b6ba528aa9b1307ccc3ec605 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T12:51:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus Vinicius Comenale Pujol.pdf: 38441174 bytes, checksum: 64737585b6ba528aa9b1307ccc3ec605 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / After more than two decades of dictatorship, Fernando Collor is consecrated as the youngest and the first president democratically elected by the people since Jânio Quadros. After the violent election campaign of 1989, Collor begins to face the crises that would lead to his fall after a short mandate. The combination of a very serious economic crisis, lack of political support and judicial battles for corruption scandals, led the country to ungovernability, giving rise to the use of the instrument of impeachment / Após mais de duas décadas de regime ditatorial, Fernando Collor consagra-se como o mais jovem e o primeiro presidente eleito democraticamente pelo povo desde Jânio Quadros. Encerrada a violenta campanha eleitoral de 1989, Collor começa a enfrentar as crises que levariam à sua queda depois de um curto mandato. A conjugação de uma gravíssima crise econômica, com falta de apoio político e batalhas judiciais por escândalos de corrupção levaram o país à ingovernabilidade, dando ensejo à utilização do instrumento do impeachment

Vikten av utbildning och livslångt lärande är betydelsefulla faktorer för att den ekonomiska tillväxten i vårt land ska stimuleras, för att välfärden ska kunna tryggas och för att motverka ytterligare samhällsklyftor. Statistik från Skolverket visar på en konstant andel, ca 10 % de senaste fem åren, av elever i årskurs 9 som inte är behöriga att söka till gymnasiet. Det beror på att de inte har uppnått kursplanemålen för att få godkänt i kärnämnena svenska, matematik och engelska. Detta är bakgrunden till att vi har valt att redogöra för och belysa lärares utsagor och resonemang kring hinder och förutsättningar för elevers måluppfyllelse i kärnämnena. I denna kvalitativa studie har vi använt oss av intervjuer som teknik. Vi har intervjuat sex lärare, på fem olika skolor i en mellanstor kommun i sydvästra Sverige. Studien är uppdelad på tre nivåer, organisations-, grupp- och individnivå. På organisationsnivå handlar det bland annat om skolpolitik, skolans ledning och skolans styrdokument. På gruppnivå handlar det om klassen/gruppen och arbetslaget och på individnivå handlar det om den enskilde eleven och den enskilde läraren. Resultatet indikerar på att lärarnas resonemang till stor del kom att kretsa kring lärarens egen roll för elevers måluppfyllelse. Ytterligare framkom det att styrdokumenten spelar en betydande roll, på grund av att de lämnar stort tolkningsutrymme. Andra faktorer som resultatet visar på är att elever inte är tillräckligt motiverade för skolarbete och därigenom måluppfyllelse. Det finns elever som har låg begåvning och det finns elever med utländsk bakgrund som kommer in sent i det svenska skolsystemet. De kan därför få svårigheter att uppnå målen. Vår slutsats är därför; nej skolans mål är inte möjliga att nå för alla elever! / The importance of education and lifelong learning are essential factors to ensure and stimulate economic growth in our country, to secure welfare and counteract polarisation of social classes. During the last five years statistics from the Swedish Board of Education shows a constant number of approximately 10 % of the students in year 9 who have not qualified for upper secondary education. This is because they have not attained the goals of the syllabus which require a pass in the core subjects of Swedish, mathematics and English. This fact is the reason for our investigation in which we illustrate teachers’ assertions and lines of arguments concerning impediments and preconditions for attaining the goals of the core subjects. In this qualitative study we have used interviews as our main approach. We have interviewed six teachers at five different schools in a medium size municipality in the south-west of Sweden. The study is divided into three levels, organization, group and individual level. On the organization level the key issues are school policy, school administration and the steering documents of the school. On the group level the key issues are the class/group and the working team and on the individual level the study focuses on the individual pupil/student and the individual teacher. The result indicates that the teachers’ lines of arguments were focused on his/her own role of importance for the pupils’/students’ attainments of the goals. Furthermore it appeared that the steering documents play an important part because they can be interpreted in many ways. Other factors shown in the study are that pupils/students are not motivated enough to do schoolwork and thereby reach the goals. There are pupils/students who are less talented and others who have a different cultural background and get enrolled in the Swedish school system late. They might therefore have difficulties attaining the goals. Thus our conclusion is; no it is not possible for every pupil/student to attain the goals of school! We use both the words pupil and student because we sometimes mean the younger children (pupils) but also the older ones (students).

<p>Vikten av utbildning och livslångt lärande är betydelsefulla faktorer för att den ekonomiska tillväxten i vårt land ska stimuleras, för att välfärden ska kunna tryggas och för att motverka ytterligare samhällsklyftor. Statistik från Skolverket visar på en konstant andel, ca 10 % de senaste fem åren, av elever i årskurs 9 som inte är behöriga att söka till gymnasiet. Det beror på att de inte har uppnått kursplanemålen för att få godkänt i kärnämnena svenska, matematik och engelska. Detta är bakgrunden till att vi har valt att redogöra för och belysa lärares utsagor och resonemang kring hinder och förutsättningar för elevers måluppfyllelse i kärnämnena.</p><p>I denna kvalitativa studie har vi använt oss av intervjuer som teknik. Vi har intervjuat sex lärare, på fem olika skolor i en mellanstor kommun i sydvästra Sverige. Studien är uppdelad på tre nivåer, organisations-, grupp- och individnivå. På organisationsnivå handlar det bland annat om skolpolitik, skolans ledning och skolans styrdokument. På gruppnivå handlar det om klassen/gruppen och arbetslaget och på individnivå handlar det om den enskilde eleven och den enskilde läraren.</p><p>Resultatet indikerar på att lärarnas resonemang till stor del kom att kretsa kring lärarens egen roll för elevers måluppfyllelse. Ytterligare framkom det att styrdokumenten spelar en betydande roll, på grund av att de lämnar stort tolkningsutrymme. Andra faktorer som resultatet visar på är att elever inte är tillräckligt motiverade för skolarbete och därigenom måluppfyllelse. Det finns elever som har låg begåvning och det finns elever med utländsk bakgrund som kommer in sent i det svenska skolsystemet. De kan därför få svårigheter att uppnå målen. Vår slutsats är därför; nej skolans mål är inte möjliga att nå för alla elever!</p> / <p>The importance of education and lifelong learning are essential factors to ensure and stimulate economic growth in our country, to secure welfare and counteract polarisation of social classes. During the last five years statistics from the Swedish Board of Education shows a constant number of approximately 10 % of the students in year 9 who have not qualified for upper secondary education. This is because they have not attained the goals of the syllabus which require a pass in the core subjects of Swedish, mathematics and English. This fact is the reason for our investigation in which we illustrate teachers’ assertions and lines of arguments concerning impediments and preconditions for attaining the goals of the core subjects.</p><p>In this qualitative study we have used interviews as our main approach. We have interviewed six teachers at five different schools in a medium size municipality in the south-west of Sweden. The study is divided into three levels, organization, group and individual level. On the organization level the key issues are school policy, school administration and the steering documents of the school. On the group level the key issues are the class/group and the working team and on the individual level the study focuses on the individual pupil/student and the individual teacher.</p><p>The result indicates that the teachers’ lines of arguments were focused on his/her own role of importance for the pupils’/students’ attainments of the goals. Furthermore it appeared that the steering documents play an important part because they can be interpreted in many ways. Other factors shown in the study are that pupils/students are not motivated enough to do schoolwork and thereby reach the goals. There are pupils/students who are less talented and others who have a different cultural background and get enrolled in the Swedish school system late. They might therefore have difficulties attaining the goals. Thus our conclusion is; no it is not possible for every pupil/student to attain the goals of school!</p><p>We use both the words pupil and student because we sometimes mean the younger children (pupils) but also the older ones (students).</p>

This diploma thesis focuses on the communication competence of young learners with speech impediments. The theoretical part describes the development of young learners at primary school, speech ontogenesis from the child´s birth to their entering the first class. Then there is also analyzed communication and related communicative competence. Another section focuses on speech disorders, their classification. It is important to mention the prevention of speech therapy and the subsequent development of communication skills. The practical part is focused on research to determine the influence of defects on the level of speech communication skills of young pupils. This section is based on information obtained through interviews with teachers and five selected students´ parents at the basic school of speech therapy and the analysis of governesses and teachers´ diaries. The resulting data is recorded in case reports, tables and graphs.

Depuis Aristote, l’idée de justice est assimilée à celle de distribution. Or, à quelle démarche pourrait correspondre la réalisation de la justice capabilitaire, définie comme égale possibilité, pour chacun(e), de poursuivre sa « liberté réelle » ? Certains écrits de Sen suggèrent, selon une perspective qui pourrait être qualifiée de « post-marxiste », qu’il s’agirait de pouvoir subvenir aux besoins des personnes ; et ce, aux échelles sociale et globale. Je propose deux concepts pour préciser une telle formule : celle de « besoins-libertés », indiquant les besoins dont dépend l’accomplissement de la liberté réelle, et celle d’« empêchements », désignant ce qui fait obstacle à cette même liberté. La justice en ressort liée à l’idée de production d’au moins trois façons : les limitations de liberté sont toujours produites par des facteurs structurels, dont certains mécanismes de la production globale ; les revendications des personnes et des groupes constituent des indicateurs importants de ces mêmes limitations, et contribuent à produire un développement humain « par le bas ». J’applique ce cadre théorique à la structure socio-économique de la région frontalière entre le Mexique et les États-Unis, en montrant qu’il repose sur la privation de liberté qu’il inflige tout particulièrement aux femmes. Les dynamiques responsables d’une telle « qualité de vie », y compris celles qui relèvent de la sphère économique, tombent donc de plein droit sous la critique philosophico-politique. / Ever since Aristotle, the idea of justice has been subsumed into the concept of distribution. Yet, what practice would correspond, from the point of view of capabilities, to the realization of justice, defined as the equal possibility, for all men and women, to pursue « real liberty » ? Certain of Sen’s writings would suggest, via a perspective that could be dubbed « post-Marxist », that it is essential to meet the needs of people, both at social and global levels. Specifying this notion, I propose two ideas : that of « needs-liberties », which reflects the needs that come about according to real liberty; and that of « impediments », representing that which poses obstacles to such liberty. Justice then comes to be relied to the idea of production in at least three ways : limitations to liberty are produced by structural factors, such as certain mechanisms of global production; the demands of people and groups constitute important indicators of these very limitations, and play a role in producing human development « from below » as it were. I apply this theoretical framework to the socioeconomic context of the border region between Mexico and the United States, demonstrating how it rely upon the deprivation of liberty, as it is particularly inflicted upon women. The dynamics responsible for such a « quality of life » including those relevant to the economic sphere, are logically placed under a politico-philosophic critique.