During the past decades, the world has seen a fast development in information technology. This has led to significant changes in many different industries including the media industry. The transformation is in progress and is unceasingly changing the game rules for media companies. Many magazines are struggling in the new competitive media landscape since existing business models in the print industry are hard to apply to the digital industry. In order for magazines to remain competitive they need to develop their revenue models and adjust to the new game rules in the industry. This thesis is focused on how magazines could develop their businesses in order to remain competitive in the transition from print to digital media. The research methods used were semi-structured interviews and a survey. The interviews were conducted with seven different media experts in order to find possible directions for Swedish magazines in general. The survey was aimed exclusively to the entertainment magazine Nöjesguiden in order to decide what additional revenue models fit them best. The results from the interviews implicate that magazines should continuously evaluate their print business using a holistic perspective, adopt long-term perspectives, initiate cost cutting in the print business and put the cost savings into investments for the future. In addition, they should have four main areas of focus in the digital business – strategy, content, target group and data. Strategy relates to focusing on the digital business, being innovative and trying new things. The results also show that it is beneficial to separate the old business from the new since the old business is linked to outdated industry structures. Regarding content, the direction should be either very broad or very niched. Thereto, magazines should focus on unique content, which refers to content that is not available elsewhere by other content providers. In addition, magazines should evaluate what makes their content unique. This is closely related to the target group, which is going to become more important in the future media climate. For magazines, getting to know their specific target group and focusing on improving the brand recognition are going to be advantageous factors in being competitive in the digital media climate. In conclusion, magazines should use data to continuously evaluate their business and use that knowledge to improve their offer. The results from the survey shows that the best new revenue model for Nöjesguiden at the moment is events.

This project examines how the confluence of nineteenth-century England’s educational reform, periodical literature, and scientific community growth contributed to a public dialogue between science and spiritualism that positioned the two as antithetical. I argue that this media-borne dialogue entrenched in the public consciousness a scientific domain claiming authority through masculinized, exclusionary language that effectively enclosed knowledge within objective measurement, while dismissing spiritualist notions of embodied knowledges based in affect. In doing so, I locate the under-recognized bridge between the printed medium of the debate itself and its durable influence on public discourse, occurring as it did at precisely the moment to best influence the broadest public. The first chapter examines the confluence of educational reform, burgeoning print culture, and rising science professionalization that formed the ideal delivery platform for the promulgation of a cultural narrative pitting objective knowledge against the subjective. The second chapter examines contemporary newspaper and journal articles to find science repeatedly metaphorized as solid ground, “objective”, and masculinized, while spiritualism is shadowy, irrational, and feminized. Metaphors of light and landscape recur from both sides, with spiritualist voices further claiming unquantifiable and communal experience as of equal value to the material “useful knowledge” privileged by science and institutional schooling. The final chapter analyzes texts from George Eliot, Robert Louis Stevenson, Marie Corelli, and Richard Marsh for representations of science, scientists, and those deemed outside their circles. There I discern a reflection of the media debate that finds unexpected – if unsettling – compatibilities between spiritualism and science, rejecting the alleged incompatibility of objective and subjective knowledge. All the texts speculate as to the parameters of human physical and mental life, but notably, none resolve the argument. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This project examines the ways nineteenth-century England’s educational system, periodical literature, and growing science community contributed to a public dialogue between science and spiritualism. The knowledge and practices privileged by science were repeatedly framed as more valuable than, and irreconcilable with, the subjective, personal knowledges of spiritualism, which posited a spiritual human self beyond the limits of the material body. This paper uses examples from contemporary newspaper and journal articles to study the dialogue between science and spiritualism, and finds science metaphorized as solid ground, “objective”, and masculinized, while spiritualism is shadowy, irrational, and feminized. These positions became entrenched enough in the public mind to affect the era’s speculative fiction, but in analyzing texts from George Eliot, Robert Louis Stevenson, Marie Corelli, and Richard Marsh, the author also finds an embrace of science and spiritualist themes as sometimes compatible, blurring the simple “sides” of the media conversation.

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This study compares print media representations of refugees and asylum seekers with representations in short stories and poems written by refugees and asylum seekers themselves, within the frames of creative writing workshops. The primary research question guiding the study reads: How do (self-)representations in texts written by refugees and asylum seekers, within the frames of creative writing workshops, differ from representations of refugees and asylum seekers in print media.As a theoretical foundation for the study serves the social constructionist assumption that language, rather than reflect, constructs reality, and that the way the world is understood affects policies, practices and actions – in this case concerning refugees, asylum seekers, refugee relief, refugee/asylum seeker reception systems, integration etc. Starting out from the notion that print media representations of refugees and asylum seekers follow certain recurring patterns – not only resulting in rather simplistic portrayals, but, also, almost systematically leaving out refugee and asylum seeker voices, views and opinions – the study, following Dorothy Smiths suggestion that individuals somehow excluded from a particular discourse may offer perspectives undermining it, turns to the refugees and asylum seekers’ own texts as a possible source of alternative representations. Using Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory, complemented by semiotic analysis, (self-)representations in three anthologies with refugee and asylum seeker texts are compared to the results of a meta analysis of earlier research of representations of refugees and asylum seekers in print media.The findings of the study suggests that there are similarities, but also significant differences in how refugees and asylum seekers are represented in their own texts when compared to print media. Consequently, it is argued that there is a potential worth fostering in the creative writing workshops for refugees and asylum seekers, as well as similar initiatives. They may be seen as a step towards increasing refugees and asylum seekers’ opportunities to voice their opinion in matters that concern them; as answering to the post colonial call for bringing in new voices to the (social) development debate; and as contributing to the realisation of an agonistic democracy/pluralism.

This thesis examines one magazine's transition from print to digital media in order to shine a spotlight on one successful magazine brand and its attempts to navigate the digital revolution while also maintaining a successful magazine. Through a systematic descriptive analysis of communication strategies, a case analysis of Bon Appétit magazine is the focus of this thesis. Guided by the uses and gratifications theoretical perspective and informed by a systematic descriptive analysis, this thesis offers a rich examination of the Bon Appétit magazine brand and the ways the brand has been extended in the evolving digital media environment. The unique approach implemented in this thesis provides the opportunity to observe uses and gratifications from the organization's standpoint, instead of the consumer's. This unique approach was designed to reveal how Bon Appétit is attempting to fulfill consumer needs and gratifications through the digital media brand extensions, specifically its website, social media, and podcast. Analysis of Bon Appétit brand extensions indicate that six of Parham Santana's ten brand extension strategies are being implemented by Bon Appétit, including shift the form, transfer a component, transfer a benefit, leverage a special expertise, leverage your consumer base, and leverage a lifestyle. Another significant finding indicates that Bon Appétit implemented communication strategies centered on accessibility and convenience, surveillance, diversion, and interaction gratifications on its digital media platforms. Findings from this study suggest that future researchers would benefit from adding convenience and accessibility as gratifications considered in the uses and gratifications theoretical approach when researching digital media. Additionally, replication of the systematic method in this thesis, especially if applied to other magazine brands, could help reveal the types of brand extensions at play in digital platforms and whether other magazines use similar strategies to build and maintain relationships with consumers. / Master of Arts

This thesis examines how the potentional future media professionals (students of Institute of Communication Studies and Journalism at Faculty of Social Sciences at Charles University) relate to print media, i. e. daily newspapers and printed magazines. It is based on the concept of active audience, uses and gratification theory and studies that try to explain the decline of interest in print media. The thesis tries to describe the role of print media in lives of the studied group at the time when print media go through a long-term crisis. Massive expansion of the electronic media is the most important factor of this crisis. The research tries to answer the question whether print media are still attractive for the researched group, despite the constant wave of information from the Internet, what motivates this group to the use of print media and contrarily what discourages them.

The following thesis describes and analyses the representation of lung cancer in the Canadian print media. The thesis employs a theoretical framework comprised of Giddens’ theory of reflexivity and Goffman’s theory of framing, to understand the social dynamics of negotiation behind the disease’s portrayal in the media, in a late modern context. Late modernity was defined by institutional reflexivity and a focus on understanding and mitigating risk. The research was conducted through a content analysis and examined quantitative trends that contributed to a subsequent qualitative interpretation. The results show that the coverage of lung cancer decreased over time. The analysis shows a discourse of a biomedical institution that has unsuccessfully controlled the disease, a lack of patient advocacy, particularly among celebrities, and a continued conflation of smoking behaviour and lung cancer, all of which contributed to the decreasing coverage. The framing processes point to a society focused on understanding risk through studying the disease’s causes, as well as one concerned with legislative debate and behavioural prevention. The emergence of a frame focused on the patient’s lived experience might contribute to an improved representation of the disease.

En avril 2002, le président du Venezuela, Hugo Chávez Frías est éloigné du pouvoir pendant environ quarante-huit heures et remplacé par un président provisoire, Pedro Carmona Estanga, qui dissout l’ensemble des pouvoirs publics. Malgré sa brièveté, cet épisode a marqué l’histoire du Venezuela et témoigne de façon paroxystique des antagonismes sociaux et politiques que connaît ce pays. La présente recherche a pour but d’analyser la construction discursive de cet événement dans un corpus de trois quotidiens nationaux, en observant comment s’esquisse son sens au moment où il surgit. Dans un premier temps, nous exposons le contexte historico-politique et médiatique dans lequel se sont déroulés ces événements, avant de nous interroger sur la notion d’événement. Il en ressort que l’événement n’est pas une réalité saisissable en tant que telle, mais une réalité signifiée, dans laquelle le langage joue un rôle fondamental. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinons de quelle manière l’apparition de l’événement se matérialise dans le dispositif des journaux, en accordant une attention particulière aux différents niveaux de titres. La troisième partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’étude la nomination de l’événement, tout d’abord, dans les titres et les Unes, puis à l’intérieur des articles. Les analyses de corpus montrent que le discours des journaux face à cet événement se caractérise par une certaine indétermination, par un usage abondant de l’implicite et par une tendance à l’effacement des journalistes derrière des faits qui semblent s’imposer comme une évidence. / In April 2002, the President of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez Frías, was removed from power for approximately forty-eight hours and replacing by an acting president, Pedro Carmona Estanga, who disbanded all of the public authorities. In spite of its brevity, this episode marked the history of Venezuela and testifies acutely to the social and political antagonisms experienced by this country. This research aims to analyse the discursive construction of this event within a corpus of three national daily newspapers, by observing how its meaning takes shape during the moment the events took place. Firstly, I present the historical and political context in which these events occurred and media’s situation in Venezuela, before exploring the notion of the event in general terms. As a result, I show that the event is not a reality that can be captured as such, but is in fact a signified reality, in which language plays a fundamental role. Secondly, I examine in what ways the event is materialised in the dailies’ structure, while according particular attention to the various hierarchical levels of the headlines. The third part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the event naming act, firstly in the headlines and front pages, then within articles. The corpus analyses show that the discourse of the newspapers in front of this event are characterised by a certain vagueness, by abundant usage of implicit modes of address and by the journalists’ tendency to hide behind facts that seem to impose themselves naturally.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruben Darga Holdorf.pdf: 4082110 bytes, checksum: 8f484aa92d8b8568b4d8bba9b1069c8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-21 / This research examines the modes of construction of the texts about Latin-American presidents which appeared in the Brazilian press media in the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, which years were marked by an intense alternance of power in most countries of this continent. It endeavors to analyze how the media devices design the idealization of the Other, when in the role of president. We start with the assumption that the media sets out slogans calling their audiences to approve of some presidents and to disapprove of others, and that by so doing it supports an impoverished democracy. They also trace a boundary line separating Brazil from the Latin-American countries in the topologic-political spaces of the Self and of the Other, making an opposition without subtleties and complexities. The main theoretical bases of this research are Ernesto Laclau s discourse, the reflections on Democracy and on The Self/The Other written by Chantal Mouffe, and Boaventura Santos definition of borderline. Involving periodics of expressive circulation, which maintain correspondents in the several countries of the continent and which rely on information provided by international news agencies to produce the contents relative to Latin America, the research corpus consists of the following newspapers and magazines: Folha de S.Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo, Veja and Carta Capital / Esta pesquisa investiga os modos de construção das narrativas sobre os presidentes latino-americanos na mídia impressa brasileira, nos anos 2000, 2005 e 2010, assinalados pela intensa alternância de poder na maior parte dos países do continente. Trata-se de analisar o modo pelos quais os dispositivos midiáticos projetam e idealizam o Outro-presidente e seu estilo de governar. Partimos da hipótese de que as mídias enunciam palavras de ordem ligadas à democracia, convocando seus públicos para aprovar uns e repovar outros presidentes e, em assim fazendo, sustentam uma democracia empobrecida. Além disso, demarcam uma linha fronteiriça, separando o Brasil dos países latino-americanos nos espaços topológico-políticos do Mesmo e do Outro, ao modo de uma oposição sem sutilezas e complexidades. São bases teóricas principais da pesquisa a teoria do discurso de Ernesto Laclau, as reflexões sobre democracia e o Mesmo/Outro de Chantal Mouffe e a definição de linha fronteiriça , ou abissal , de Boaventura Santos. Envolvendo periódicos de expressiva tiragem, que mantêm correspondentes na América Latina e empregam os serviços das agências noticiosas internacionais para produzir seus conteúdos sobre o continente, o corpus da pesquisa compreende os seguintes jornais e revistas: Folha de S.Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo, Veja e Carta Capital

The following thesis describes and analyses the representation of lung cancer in the Canadian print media. The thesis employs a theoretical framework comprised of Giddens’ theory of reflexivity and Goffman’s theory of framing, to understand the social dynamics of negotiation behind the disease’s portrayal in the media, in a late modern context. Late modernity was defined by institutional reflexivity and a focus on understanding and mitigating risk. The research was conducted through a content analysis and examined quantitative trends that contributed to a subsequent qualitative interpretation. The results show that the coverage of lung cancer decreased over time. The analysis shows a discourse of a biomedical institution that has unsuccessfully controlled the disease, a lack of patient advocacy, particularly among celebrities, and a continued conflation of smoking behaviour and lung cancer, all of which contributed to the decreasing coverage. The framing processes point to a society focused on understanding risk through studying the disease’s causes, as well as one concerned with legislative debate and behavioural prevention. The emergence of a frame focused on the patient’s lived experience might contribute to an improved representation of the disease.