Throughout the 1950s, U.S. policymakers actively encouraged Americans to participate in civil defense through a variety of policies. In 1958, amidst confusion concerning which of these policies were most efficient, President Eisenhower established the National Shelter Plan and a new civil defense agency titled The Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization. This agency urged homeowners to build private fallout shelters through print media. In response, Americans used newspapers, magazines, and science fiction novels to contest civil defense and the foreign and domestic policies that it was based upon, including nuclear strategy. Many Americans remained unconvinced of the viability of civil defense or feared its psychological impacts on society. Eventually, these criticisms were able to weaken civil defense efforts and even alter nuclear defense strategy and missile defense technology.

Titel: QR-koden – ett nytt marknadsföringsverktyg med potential Författare: Eric Karlsson och Oskar Kristiansson Handledare: Klaus Solberg Søilen Nivå: Kandidatuppsats, Marknadsföring (15 hp), VT 2012 Nyckelord: QR-koder, marknadsföringsverktyg, interaktion, incitament, strategi, Quick Response Codes, marknadsföring, print media, smartphones, annonsering, ROI Problemformulering: Hur bör företag använda sig av QR-koder i sina marknadsföringsaktiviteter? Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att, med utgångspunkt i den teoretiska referensramen och en kvalitativ studie av fem svenska företag, kartlägga hur QR-koder bör användas i marknadsföringsaktiviteter. Vidare vill vi identifiera fördelar och nackdelar med QR-koder för att se vilka implikationer ett lyckat respektive misslyckat användande har för företagen. Teoretisk referensram: Här presenterar vi olika teorier för att förstå begreppen som ligger bakom samt hjälper till att definiera fenomenet QR-koder och användningen av dem i marknadsföring. Teorierna är även behjälpliga vid vår analys av den empiriska datan. Metodik: Vi har valt en deduktiv ansats till vår uppsats som innebär att vi tittat på tidigare nedskrivna teorier och information för att kunna ta ställning till hur vi ska ställa frågorna till de företag som vi vill intervjua i vår kvalitativa undersökning. Empirisk studie: I empirin presenteras svaren på de djupintervjuer som utförts med våra fem fallföretag. Slutsats: Vår slutsats är att QR-koder bör användas på tydligt, informativt och lockande sätt utefter en tydlig strategi, och att de gå kan gynna ett företag ur ett marknadsföringssyfte genom att de vid ett kvalitativt användande kan nå och engagera fler konsumenter och därigenom öka sin omsättning och varumärkeskännedom. Används QR-koder däremot på fel sätt kan varumärket ta skada istället för att gynnas. / Title: The QR code – a new marketing tool with potential Author: Eric Karlsson and Oskar Kristiansson Supervisor: Klaus Solberg Søilen Level: Bachelor thesis, Marketing (15 credits), Spring semester 2012 Keywords: QR codes, marketing tools, interaction, incentives, strategy, Quick Response Codes, marketing, print media, smartphones, advertising, ROI Problem: How should companies use QR codes in their marketing activities? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to, based on the theoretical framework and a qualitative study of five Swedish companies, identify how QR codes should be used in marketing activities. Furthermore, we strive to identify the advantages and disadvantages of QR codes to see what implications a successful as well as an unsuccessful use have for businesses. Theoretical framework: Here we present different theories for understanding the concepts that underlie and help to define the phenomenon QR codes and the use of them in marketing. The theoretical framework also help us to analyze our empirical data. Method: We have chosen a deductive approach to our thesis where we have studied previous research and information to be able to decide how to formulate the questions to the companies that we want to interview in our qualitative study. Empirical study: The empirical data is presented from interviews conducted with our five case companies. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that QR codes should be used in clear, informative and attractive way based on a clear strategy, and that they can favor companies from a marketing perspective, since a qualitative usage could reach and engage more consumers, and thus increase their sales and the brand awareness. However, the brand can be damaged instead of improved if QR codes are used in the wrong way.

媒體危機事件扮演之角色: 以台灣印刷媒體在SARS危機為例 / This study aims to explore the interaction between the media and the government during Taiwan’s SARS crisis of 2003 and observe the media’s attitude toward the government’s efforts to contain the epidemic. This paper is particularly interested understanding whether the media presented the government in a way that enabled or inhibited the government’s efforts to manage the crisis. Qualitative content analysis is used to operationalize print media’s “framing” of events. Articles are collected from two print media outlets, China Post and Taipei Times.

Introduction: Visibility within advertising can generate acceptance and normalization in society, hence it is a powerful media that is of utmost importance for the homosexual group. Portrayals in advertising equal an admission as citizens, which homosexual women are currently neglected as media circumscribe male homosexuality as norm. Knowledge of how homosexual women identifies with portrayals in advertising is currently sparse. Aim: The overall aim of this study is to satiate the gap of knowledge of portrayals of homosexual women in advertising and how the dual identity of gender and sexuality influence the interpretation of advertisements targeting homosexual women. Method: A combination of quantitative and qualitative methodology. The sample includes self-identified homosexual women recruited consecutively during a two-month period. In total 113 homosexual women participated in the study. To provide a realistic interpretation, actual print advertisements portraying female homosexuals were used as stimuli within the contexts of mainstream media and gay media. Results: The female homosexual group appears to be heterogeneous since the perception of the individual sexual identity and lifestyle was not aligned but rather dispersed. However, the participants’ perception of the sexual identity and lifestyle of the female homosexual group is that is a homogenous group. Conclusion: Within the female homosexual group a stigmatization exist regarding gender behaviour that does not correspond with the recurrent portrayal in advertising of homosexual women as a homogenous group.

The news media serve as the Canadian public’s main source of information about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This thesis examines the ways in which the Canadian media portray the conflict, through a lens of Habermas’ (1962) public sphere theory, Foucault’s (1926 – 1984) ideas on discourse, and Rawls’ (1921 – 2002) conceptions of equality and justice. Building on these theories, Noelle-Neumann’s Spiral of Silence theory (1974), Said’s Orientalism (1978), and d’Arcy’s (1913 – 1983) conception of the right to communicate are examined to arrive at a framework for analyzing Canadian news. Looking at ideological representations, power manifestations, issue framing, and social responsibility within the media, this thesis explores whether the Canadian media portray the conflict in such a way that fosters a downward spiral of opinions within the Canadian public. A Critical Discourse Analysis of coverage in two national English Canadian newspapers, The Globe and Mail and the National Post, during three separate timeframes of increased violence in Israel and Palestine between 2000 and 2009 reveals that newspaper representations of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are often entrenched in predefined ways of portraying the Other, fostering an Israeli-Palestinian spiral of silence in Canadian media.

The social work response to homelessness emerges from particular historical, sociopolitical and economic contexts. It is influenced by public perceptions of service provision as represented in the print media and by political and policy processes. This research study examines dominant representations of homelessness and social work in the print media, social policy and social work practice. The focus of the thesis is how discourses from the Australian print media, social policy and social work practice co-exist in constructing homelessness as a particular social problem and influence social workers and social work responses to homelessness. Two research studies provide the empirical basis for this thesis. A mixed method approach is used. Firstly, a quantitative content analysis of newspaper articles in three Australian capital cities examines public discourses relevant to the constructions of homelessness, 'homeless people' and service provision. Secondly, a qualitative discourse analysis of interviews with social workers employed in the field of homelessness in inner city Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney explores how social workers make meaning of their identity and responses to homelessness in contemporary practice settings. The social work study highlights the varied and complex contributions of social workers to Australian policy and practice responses to homelessness, which is a new and important contribution to the existing body of research. The theoretical influences on this thesis are social constructionist, feminist, critical and post-modern social work perspectives. These varied approaches enable an analysis of power that incorporates contradictions, complexities and social work resistances (Pease and Fook, 1999). / PhD Doctorate

My diploma thesis deals with the relation of youth to various kinds of media in their free time. First it describes media, their function, possible impact on personality, media literacy. It deals with division of media, more concerned with the mass media, electronic and print. It also characterizes free time and the period of youth aged 15 30 years. The study of literature led to questions for quantitative research, young people and library staff were interviewed. Selected youth use electronic media more in their free time, but often they are not satisfied with it, they would prefer to read more books.

Numa sociedade voltada ao fazer viver, em que se busca a longevidade e a saúde, a crescente prevenção de riscos à saúde e ao viver coloca em ação estratégias de governo para “vitalidade”. Tais estratégias propõem-se a estimular e intensificar a “vontade” de saúde/vida/felicidade; a observação, o acompanhamento, a medicalização e o controle do corpo/saúde da mulher grávida; a promoção da saúde e da vida/morte dos não-nascidos; e o uso das tecnologias biomédicas, por exemplo. Essas questões, articuladas à temática do aborto, moveram-me a investigar as “verdades” direcionadas ao “governo" dos corpos e da vida da mulher grávida e de seu “filho”. Considerar as maneiras pelas quais a subjetividade vem se tornando objeto de certas estratégias e procedimentos de governo e também o lugar de destaque da mídia enquanto instância que integra os processos constitutivos de nossas subjetividades ao veicular “verdades” torna relevante a análise das reportagens que tratam sobre o aborto. Tomei como corpus de análise as reportagens dos jornais Zero Hora (ZH), de Porto Alegre/RS, e Folha de São Paulo, de São Paulo/SP, publicadas ao longo dos anos de 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 e 2012. A partir das vertentes pós-estruturalistas dos Estudos Culturais, da noção de governamento para Michel Foucault e de vitalidade para Nikolas Rose, busquei conhecer as estratégias biopolíticas voltadas ao governo das condutas e investigar como elas operavam, a fim de compreender e dar visibilidade aos diversos níveis de atuação do biopoder. Para isso, problematizei: algumas transformações que vêm ocorrendo nas formas como se lida e fala de práticas ligadas ao aborto e à vida/morte; as implicações dessas noções no governo dos corpos para a vitalidade e na produção e determinação de “verdades” que constituem as subjetividades e éticas em relação ao aborto e ao viver/morrer; por fim, a possibilidade de relacionar essas formas de governo à eugenia. As análises levaram-me a pensar, entre outras coisas, que, nessa relação de governo entrecruzada por discursos de mercado, consumo, prevenção de riscos e promoção de vida/saúde, se ajustam e afirmam as construções, limitações e transformações de sujeito, julgamentos morais, estigmas e desigualdades sociais. Além disso, tratar do aborto significa lidar com uma “arena de significações” na qual estão em luta diversas instâncias – religiosas, políticas, médicas, legislativas, morais, mercadológicas e midiáticas. / In a society concerned with making live, which seeks for longevity and health, the growing prevention of risks to health and living triggers government strategies for ‘vitality’. Such strategies aim at stimulating and intensifying, for instance, a ‘desire’ for health/life/happiness; the observation, follow-up, medicalization and control of pregnant women’s body/health; the promotion of health and life/death of the unborn; and the use of biomedical technologies. Such issues, articulated with abortion, have caused me to investigate the ‘truths’ directed to the ‘government’ of pregnant women’s body and life as well as their ‘children’s’. The analysis of reports dealing with abortion are important if we consider the ways through which subjectivity has become an object of certain government strategies and procedures, besides having a remarkable place in the media, which integrates processes that constitute our subjectivities by spreading ‘truths’. The corpus of analysis of this study consists of reports taken from two newspapers: Zero Hora, from Porto Alegre/RS, and Folha de São Paulo, from São Paulo/SP. The reports analyzed were published in the years of 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. From post-structuralist lines of the Cultural Studies, Michel Foucault’s notion of government, and Nikolas Rose’s conception of vitality, I have both attempted to know the bio-political strategies intended to govern conducts, and investigated how they operated, in order to understand and bring visibility to the several levels of the bio-power action. I have problematized some changes that have occurred in the ways one deals with and talk about practices associated with abortion and life/death; the implications of such notions for both the government of bodies seeking for vitality and the production and determination of ‘truths’ that constitute subjectivities and ethics related to abortion and living/dying; finally, the possibility of relating such forms of government to eugenics. Among other things, the analyses have enabled me to think that subject constructions, limitations and transformations, moral judgments, stigmas and social inequalities have been adjusted and affirmed in this government relationship, intertwined with discourses of market, consumption, risk prevention and life/health promotion. Besides, addressing abortion means dealing with an ‘arena of significations’ in which several spaces are competing – religion, politics, medicine, law, moral, market and media.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:19:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeiseRD_DISSERT.pdf: 2521317 bytes, checksum: 4ee84880ceaf6b27e3924e11ef7814b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-14 / The elections for governor in 2006 with its victory Marcelo D?da Workers Party (PT), were a landmark in the state of Sergipe, for the first time, called progressive fronts (an alliance of parties formed mostly by origin of the left) broke the hegemony of two political groups, Franco and the Alves, whose direction was in force for over 30 years. This study proceeds on the assumption that the print media has certain standards of conduct in covering the election period. Therefore, this study seeks to quantify, classify and compare data from three newspapers more representative of the State of Sergipe (Cinform, Cidade Journal and Correio de Sergipe) to analyze the behavior of these journals, such as private apparatus of hegemony in election coverage 2006. It also uses the concept of hegemony Gramsci and theories of journalism framing (Entman and Porto) and agenda setting (McCombs and Shaw) to identify these patterns / As elei??es para governador em 2006, com a vit?ria do candidato Marcelo D?da do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), foram um marco hist?rico no Estado de Sergipe, pois, pela primeira vez, as chamadas frentes progressistas (alian?a formada principalmente por partidos de origem de esquerda) romperam com a hegemonia de dois grupos pol?ticos: os Franco e os Alves, cuja dire??o vigorava h? mais de 30 anos. Este estudo parte da hip?tese de que a m?dia impressa apresenta determinados padr?es de comportamento na cobertura do per?odo eleitoral. Portanto, busca-se nesta disserta??o, quantificar, qualificar e comparar dados dos tr?s jornais mais representativos do Estado de Sergipe (Cinform, Jornal da Cidade e Correio de Sergipe) para an?lise do comportamento desses peri?dicos, como aparelhos privados de hegemonia, na cobertura das elei??es de 2006. Recorre-se tamb?m ao conceito de hegemonia de Antonio Gramsci, assim como ?s teorias do jornalismo de enquadramento (Robert Entman e Mauro Porto) e agenda setting (Maxwell McCombs e Donald Shaw) de forma a identificar esses padr?es

Numa sociedade voltada ao fazer viver, em que se busca a longevidade e a saúde, a crescente prevenção de riscos à saúde e ao viver coloca em ação estratégias de governo para “vitalidade”. Tais estratégias propõem-se a estimular e intensificar a “vontade” de saúde/vida/felicidade; a observação, o acompanhamento, a medicalização e o controle do corpo/saúde da mulher grávida; a promoção da saúde e da vida/morte dos não-nascidos; e o uso das tecnologias biomédicas, por exemplo. Essas questões, articuladas à temática do aborto, moveram-me a investigar as “verdades” direcionadas ao “governo" dos corpos e da vida da mulher grávida e de seu “filho”. Considerar as maneiras pelas quais a subjetividade vem se tornando objeto de certas estratégias e procedimentos de governo e também o lugar de destaque da mídia enquanto instância que integra os processos constitutivos de nossas subjetividades ao veicular “verdades” torna relevante a análise das reportagens que tratam sobre o aborto. Tomei como corpus de análise as reportagens dos jornais Zero Hora (ZH), de Porto Alegre/RS, e Folha de São Paulo, de São Paulo/SP, publicadas ao longo dos anos de 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 e 2012. A partir das vertentes pós-estruturalistas dos Estudos Culturais, da noção de governamento para Michel Foucault e de vitalidade para Nikolas Rose, busquei conhecer as estratégias biopolíticas voltadas ao governo das condutas e investigar como elas operavam, a fim de compreender e dar visibilidade aos diversos níveis de atuação do biopoder. Para isso, problematizei: algumas transformações que vêm ocorrendo nas formas como se lida e fala de práticas ligadas ao aborto e à vida/morte; as implicações dessas noções no governo dos corpos para a vitalidade e na produção e determinação de “verdades” que constituem as subjetividades e éticas em relação ao aborto e ao viver/morrer; por fim, a possibilidade de relacionar essas formas de governo à eugenia. As análises levaram-me a pensar, entre outras coisas, que, nessa relação de governo entrecruzada por discursos de mercado, consumo, prevenção de riscos e promoção de vida/saúde, se ajustam e afirmam as construções, limitações e transformações de sujeito, julgamentos morais, estigmas e desigualdades sociais. Além disso, tratar do aborto significa lidar com uma “arena de significações” na qual estão em luta diversas instâncias – religiosas, políticas, médicas, legislativas, morais, mercadológicas e midiáticas. / In a society concerned with making live, which seeks for longevity and health, the growing prevention of risks to health and living triggers government strategies for ‘vitality’. Such strategies aim at stimulating and intensifying, for instance, a ‘desire’ for health/life/happiness; the observation, follow-up, medicalization and control of pregnant women’s body/health; the promotion of health and life/death of the unborn; and the use of biomedical technologies. Such issues, articulated with abortion, have caused me to investigate the ‘truths’ directed to the ‘government’ of pregnant women’s body and life as well as their ‘children’s’. The analysis of reports dealing with abortion are important if we consider the ways through which subjectivity has become an object of certain government strategies and procedures, besides having a remarkable place in the media, which integrates processes that constitute our subjectivities by spreading ‘truths’. The corpus of analysis of this study consists of reports taken from two newspapers: Zero Hora, from Porto Alegre/RS, and Folha de São Paulo, from São Paulo/SP. The reports analyzed were published in the years of 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. From post-structuralist lines of the Cultural Studies, Michel Foucault’s notion of government, and Nikolas Rose’s conception of vitality, I have both attempted to know the bio-political strategies intended to govern conducts, and investigated how they operated, in order to understand and bring visibility to the several levels of the bio-power action. I have problematized some changes that have occurred in the ways one deals with and talk about practices associated with abortion and life/death; the implications of such notions for both the government of bodies seeking for vitality and the production and determination of ‘truths’ that constitute subjectivities and ethics related to abortion and living/dying; finally, the possibility of relating such forms of government to eugenics. Among other things, the analyses have enabled me to think that subject constructions, limitations and transformations, moral judgments, stigmas and social inequalities have been adjusted and affirmed in this government relationship, intertwined with discourses of market, consumption, risk prevention and life/health promotion. Besides, addressing abortion means dealing with an ‘arena of significations’ in which several spaces are competing – religion, politics, medicine, law, moral, market and media.