Orientador: Célio Percinoto / Coorientador: Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira / Banca: Robson Frederico Cunha / Banca: Celso Koogi Sonoda / Banca: Elenice Deffune / Banca: Saul Martins de Paiva / Resumo: A avulsão dentária é um tipo de trauma que resulta na perda da continuidade de um complexo e múltiplo compartimento de tecidos. Componentes derivados do sangue, incluindo o plasma pobre em plaquetas (PPP) e o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) constituem uma opção terapêutica para o reparo tecidual. O gel de PRP tem sido usado como arcabouço para células-tronco da medula óssea em Engenharia Tecidual. O propósito da presente investigação foi avaliar o efeito do PPP, PRP ativado ou não por trombina e células-tronco (CT) originárias da medula óssea associadas ao PRP no reparo de reimplantes dentários. Quatro cães foram utilizados neste estudo. PRP e PPP foram obtidos pelo método de dupla centrifugação a partir do sangue coletado da veia jugular dos animais. CT foram obtidas por aspiração da medula óssea (AMO) e isoladas pelo método de centrifugação por densidade de gradiente. A citometria de fluxo (CF) foi realizada após AMO utilizando marcadores celulares CD34 e CD90. Após 30 minutos da extração, os dentes foram reimplantados e, de acordo com a proposta metodológica, divididos em 5 grupos: Grupo I - dentes reimplantados sem material (Controle); Grupo II - dentes reimplantados com o Plasma Pobre em Plaquetas (PPP); Grupo III - dentes reimplantados com o Plasma Rico em Plaquetas ativado por cloreto de cálcio (PRP); Grupo IV - dentes reimplantados com o Plasma Rico em Plaquetas ativado por trombina de origem bovina e cloreto de cálcio (PRP + TR) e Grupo V - dentes reimplantados com células-tronco da medula óssea associadas ao PRP ativado por cloreto de cálcio (CT + PRP). Análises histológica, histomorfométrica e imuno histoquímica foram realizadas 120 dias após o reimplante. Análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste post-hoc de Tukey foram utilizados para a análise estatística, com nível de significância de 5%. CF mostrou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Dental avulsion constitutes a traumatism which results in the loss of a complex and multiple tissue compartments. Blood-components products, including platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), constitute a therapeutic option for tissue healing. PRP gel has also been used as a scaffold for bone marrow stem cells in Tissue Engineering. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PPP, PRP activated or not with thrombin and bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) associated with PRP on the healing of replanted teeth. Four adult hybrid dogs were used in this study. PRP and PPP were obtained trough double centrifugation technique of blood collected from the jugular vein of the animals. CTM were obtained from bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and isolated by density gradient centrifugation method. Flow Cytometry Analysis (FCA) was performed after BMA using CD34 and CD90 cells markers. After 30 minutes of extraction, teeth were replanted and, according to the methodological proposal, divided into 5 Groups: Group I - teeth replanted without any material (Control); Group II - teeth replanted with Platelet-poor Plasma (PPP); Group III - teeth replanted with Platelet-rich plasma activated by sodium chloride (PRP); Group IV - teeth replanted with Platelet-rich plasma activated by bovine thrombin and sodium chloride (PRP + TR) and Group V - teeth replanted with bone marrow stem cells associated with PRP activated by sodium chloride (BMSC + PRP). Histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis were assessed 120 days after reimplantation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test were used for the statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at 5%. FCA showed 55.98% of CD34+ and 33.28% of CD90+ after BMA. Group V (BMSC + PRP) presented the largest areas of replacement resorption, confirmed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Maria José Hitomi Nagata / Banca: Ronaldo Célio Mariano / Banca: Valdir Gouveia Garcia / Banca: Mário Taba Júnior / Banca: Álvaro Francisco Bosco / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, histologicamente, o processo de cicatrização de defeitos de furca Classe II, criados cirurgicamente e tratados com a associação do Plasma Rico em Plaquetas (PRP), partículas esféricas de Novo Vidro Bioativo (NVB) e Sulfato de Cálcio (SC). Os segundos e quartos prémolares mandibulares de 8 cães foram usados neste estudo. Defeitos de furca Classe II (5 mm de altura x 2 mm de profundidade) foram criados cirurgicamente e imediatamente tratados. Usando o modelo de boca dividida, os dentes foram aleatoriamente divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo C (controle): o defeito foi preenchido somente com coágulo sanguíneo e Grupo T (teste): o defeito foi preenchido com a associação de PRP, NVB e SC. Os retalhos foram reposicionados para cobrir totalmente os defeitos. A eutanásia dos animais foi realizada aos 90 dias pósoperatórios. Foram obtidos cortes histológicos seriados mésio-distais, corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina. Foram realizadas análises histométrica, usando um software analisador de imagens, e histológica. Foram avaliadas medidas lineares e de área da cicatrização periodontal, calculadas como porcentagem do defeito original. Os dados percentuais foram transformados em arcoseno para análise estatística (análise de variância, p < 0,05). A regeneração óssea e de tecido conjuntivo nos defeitos de furca foi incompleta na maioria dos espécimes. O Grupo C apresentou quantidade de neoformação óssea e regeneração periodontal significativamente maior que o Grupo T. Quantidade considerável de partículas remanescentes de NVB foi observada na maioria dos espécimes do Grupo T. Dentro dos limites do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que a associação do PRP, NVB e SC não foi mais efetiva que o debridamento cirúrgico somente no tratamento de defeitos de furca Classe II. / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of surgically created Class II furcation defects treated using a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), new spherical bioactive glass (NBG) particles and calcium sulfate (CS). The second and fourth mandibular premolars of eight mongrel dogs were used in this study. Class II furcation defects (5 mm in height x 2 mm in depth) were surgically created and immediately treated. Using a split-mouth design, teeth were randomly divided into two groups: group C (control) - defect filled with blood clot only; and group T (test) - defect filled with a combination of PRP, NBG and CS. Flaps were repositioned to cover all defects. The animals were euthanized 90 days post-surgery. Mesio-distal serial sections were obtained and stained with either hematoxylin and eosin. Histometric, using image-analysis software, and histologic analyses were performed. Linear and area measurements of periodontal healing were evaluated and calculated as a percentage of the original defect. Percentage data were transformed into arccosine for statistical analysis (analysis of variance; P<0.05). Regeneration of bone and connective tissue in the furcation defects was incomplete in most of the specimens. Group C had significantly more bone formation and periodontal regeneration than group T. A considerable amount of remaining NBG particles was observed in most specimens of group T. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the combination of PRP, NBG and CS was not more effective than the surgical debridement alone in the treatment of Class II furcation defects. / Doutor

Bakgrund: Preoperativ fasta är nödvändigt innan anestesi för att reducera magsäckens innehåll och därmed minska risken för aspiration. Trots att internationella riktlinjer rekommenderar två timmars fasta för klar vätska är det många sjukhus som fortfarande använder sig av rutinmässig praxis att låta patienter fasta från midnatt. Detta kan innebära en onödigt lång fasta som ger patienten komplikationer i form av sekundära biverkningar och insulinresistens. Syfte: Att undersöka preoperativ omvårdnad i samband med fasta inför kirurgi. Metod: En litteraturstudie med beskrivande design bestående av 14 utvalda originalartiklar från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl användes. Den teoretiska referensramen för denna studie var Katie Erikssons omvårdnadsteori gällande förståelse av lidande och lidandets drama. Resultat: Många patienter fastade längre än American Society of anesthesiologists (ASAs) rekommenderade riktlinjer. Att fasta längre än två timmar innan operation minskade inte risken för aspiration och gav inte någon mindre volym av magsäckens innehåll hos patienterna. Att ge patienter kolhydratrik dryck innan operation ökade patienternas pre- och postoperativa välbefinnande och innebar inga risker. Slutsats: Genom ett mer flexibelt arbetssätt vid planerad operation kan längden på fastan anpassas efter patientens individuella behov. I samband med planerad kirurgi kan kolhydratrik dryck vara ett bra komplement vid fasta för att minska patientens lidande. Sjuksköterskan är omvårdnadsansvarig och ska arbeta evidensbaserat samt se till patienternas bästa och tillgodose deras behov. Sjuksköterskan kan använda detta som underlag för att minska lidandet i samband med fastan. / Background: Preoperative fasting is necessary before anesthesia to reduce gastric contents and decrease the risk of aspiration. Although international guidelines recommend two hours fasting of liquids, many hospitals still practice nil-by-mouth after midnight. This might give an unnecessarily prolonged fasting which give the patient discomfort and insulin resistance. Aim:  To examine preoperative care in connection with fasting prior to surgery. Method: A literature study with descriptive design based on 14 original articles selected from the databases Pubmed and Cinahl was used. The theoretical frame of reference for this study was Katie Eriksson's nursing theory regarding understanding of suffering and the drama of suffering. Results: Many patients fast longer than American Society of anesthesiologists (ASAs) recommended guidelines. Fasting more than two hours before surgery did not decrease the risk of aspiration and did not decrease the gastric volume. To give patients a high carbohydrate drink before surgery increased the patient's pre- and postoperative comfort. Conclusion: Through a more flexible working method during the planned operation, the length of the fast can be adapted to the patient's individual needs. In conjunction with planned surgery, carbohydrate-rich beverages can be a good complement to fasting to reduce the patient's suffering. The nurse is responsible for nursing care and should work evidence-based and ensure the patients' best and meet their needs. The nurse can use this as a basis for reducing the suffering associated with fasting.

Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is a metabolite channel enriched in the brain and known to localize to the cell surface, where it is involved in a variety of neuronal processes including cell proliferation and differentiation. The mechanisms through which Panx1 is trafficked or stabilized at the surface, however, are not fully understood. The proximal Panx1 C-terminus (Panx1CT), upstream of a caspase-cleavage site has been demonstrated to be required for Panx1 cell-surface expression. We discovered a previously unreported putative leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif within the proximal Panx1CT. I investigated the involvement of this putative LRR motif on Panx1 localization and oligomerization. Deletion of the putative LRR motif or uniquely the highly conserved segment of the putative LRR motif resulted in a significant loss of Panx1 cell surface expression. Finally, ectopic expression of Panx1-EGFP in HEK293T cells increased cell proliferation, which was not recapitulated by a Panx1 deletion mutant lacking the putative LRR motif. Overall the findings presented in this thesis provide new insights into the molecular determinants of Panx1 trafficking and oligomerization. / Graduate / 2020-02-14

Rich tomography is becoming increasingly popular since we have seen a substantial increase in computational power and storage. Instead of measuring one scalar for each ray, multiple measurements are needed per ray for various imaging modalities. This advancement has allowed the design of experiments and equipment which facilitate a broad spectrum of applications. We present new reconstruction results and methods for several imaging modalities including x-ray diffraction strain tomography, Photoelastic tomography and Polarimet- ric Neutron Magnetic Field Tomography (PNMFT). We begin with a survey of the Radon and x-ray transforms discussing several procedures for inversion. Furthermore we highlight the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the Radon transform and consider some stability results for reconstruction in Sobolev spaces. We then move onto define the Non-Abelian Ray Transform (NART), Longitudinal Ray Transform (LRT), Transverse Ray Transform (TRT) and the Truncated Trans- verse Ray Transform (TTRT) where we highlight some results on the complete inver- sion procedure, SVD and mention stability results in Sobolev spaces. Thereafter we derive some relations between these transforms. Next we discuss the imaging modali- ties in mind and relate the transforms to their specific inverse problems, primarily being linear. Specifically, NART arises in the formulation of PNMFT where we want to im- age magnetic structures within magnetic materials with the use of polarized neutrons. After some initial numerical studies we extend the known Radon inversion presented by experimentalists, reconstructing fairly weak magnetic fields, to reconstruct PNMFT data up to phase wrapping. We can recover the strain field tomographically for a polycrystalline material using diffraction data and deduce that a certain moment of that data corresponds to the TRT. Quite naturally the whole strain tensor can be reconstructed from diffraction data measured using rotations about six axes. We develop an innovative explicit plane-by-plane filtered back-projection reconstruction algorithm for the TRT, using data from rotations about three orthogonal axes and state the reasoning why two- axis data is insufficient. For the first time we give the first published results of TRT reconstruction. To complete our discussion we present Photoelastic tomography which relates to the TTRT and implement the algorithm discussing the difficulties that arise in reconstructing data. Ultimately we return to PNMFT highlighting the nonlinear inverse problem due to phase wrapping. We propose an iterative reconstruction algorithm, namely the Modified Newton Kantarovich method (MNK) where we keep the Jacobian (Fréchet derivative) fixed at the first step. However, this is shown to fail for large angles suggesting to develop the Newton Kantarovich (NK) method where we update the Jacobian at each step of the iteration process.

Muitas espécies de pimentas vermelhas do gênero Capsicum são utilizadas em práticas medicinais tradicionais. Essas plantas são empregadas em algumas preparações para tratar uma variedade de doenças, incluindo infecções. Algumas bactérias produzem biofilme como um importante fator de virulência, pois a estrutura do biofilme intermedia a adesão bacteriana a superfícies, como em dispositivos implantados, sondas e cateteres além de promover proteção física contra os antibióticos ou as respostas do sistema imunológico. Dessa maneira, este estudo investigou a capacidade do extrato e de produtos isolados das sementes de Capsicum baccatum como agentes antibiofilme. Este estudo demonstra, pela primeira vez, que um extrato de C. baccatum apresentou importante atividade antibiofilme contra Staphylococcus epidermidis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A fração ativa foi obtida através de ensaios bioguiados e analisada por HPLC-DAD-MS, MALDI-TOF MS e MALDI-MS/MS, identificando-a como peptídeos da proteína 2S sulfur-rich seed storage protein 2-like. Estes peptídeos (2mg/ml) foram potentes no controle da formação de biofilme de S. epidermidis (>96%) em solução e adsorvidos em lâminas de Permanox® recobertas. De modo interessante, não inibiram o crescimento bacteriano, indicando que a inibição do biofilme é independente da morte celular bacteriana. Ainda, esses peptídeos foram capazes de preservar eritrócitos, bem como a integridade de linfócitos humanos após 24 e 48 horas de exposição, demonstrando que o fracionamento do extrato de C. baccatum potencializou a sua atividade antibiofilme e reduziu significativamente a sua citotoxicidade. Nossos resultados corroboram com a pesquisa de novas estratégias não antibióticas para combater microrganismos com reduzida possibilidade para o desenvolvimento de resistência. / Many species of Capsicum red peppers are used in traditional medicinal practices. These plants are utilized in a number of preparations to treat a variety of illnesses including infections. Some bacteria produce biofilm as an important virulence factor, due to this its structure mediates the adhesion to surfaces as implanted devices, probes, catheters and also promotes physical protection against the antibiotics or the immune system response. Accordingly, this study investigated the ability of the extract and isolated products from seeds of Capsicum baccatum as anti-biofilm agent. This study demonstrates by the first time that an extract from C. baccatum presented relevant anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The active fraction was obtained by bio-guided assays and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS, MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-MS/MS, identifying it as peptides from 2S sulfur-rich seed storage protein 2-like. It strongly controlled (2mg/ml) the S. epidermidis biofilm formation (>96%) when the compound was in solution and adsorbed on Permanox™ slides. Interestingly, it did not inhibit the growth of this bacterium, indicating the inhibition of biofilm is independent of bacterial cell death. Moreover, this peptides preserved human erythrocytes and lymphocytes integrity after 24-48 h of exposure, suggesting the fractionation potentiated the anti-biofilm activity of the C. baccatum crude extract while absolutely reduced its cytotoxicity. Our results corroborate to the search of new non-antibiotic strategies to combat microorganisms with a reduced pressure for resistance development.

No description available.

abstract: There is an ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth and data rate ensuing from exploding number of radio frequency integrated systems and devices. As stated in the Shannon-Hartley theorem, the maximum achievable data rate of a communication channel is linearly proportional to the system bandwidth. This is the main driving force behind pushing wireless systems towards millimeter-wave frequency range, where larger bandwidth is available at a higher carrier frequency. Observing the Moor’s law, highly scaled complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies provide fast transistors with a high unity power gain frequency which enables operating at millimeter-wave frequency range. CMOS is the compelling choice for digital and signal processing modules which concurrently offers high computation speed, low power consumption, and mass integration at a high manufacturing yield. One of the main shortcomings of the sub-micron CMOS technologies is the low breakdown voltage of the transistors that limits the dynamic range of the radio frequency (RF) power blocks, especially with the power amplifiers. Low voltage swing restricts the achievable output power which translates into low signal to noise ratio and degraded linearity. Extensive research has been done on proposing new design and IC fabrication techniques with the goal of generating higher output power in CMOS technology. The prominent drawbacks of these solutions are an increased die area, higher cost per design, and lower overall efficiency due to lossy passive components. In this dissertation, CMOS compatible metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFETs) are utilized to put forward a new solution to enhance the power amplifier’s breakdown voltage, gain and maximum output power. Requiring no change to the conventional CMOS process flow, this low cost approach allows direct incorporation of high voltage power MESFETs into silicon. High voltage MESFETs were employed in a cascode structure to push the amplifier’s cutoff frequency and unity power gain frequency to the 5G and K-band frequency range. This dissertation begins with CMOS compatible MESFET modeling and fabrication steps, and culminates in the discussion of amplifier design and optimization methodology, parasitic de-embedding steps, simulation and measurement results, and high resistivity RF substrate characterization. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2019

Although The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sent numerous missionaries to labor in the South prior to the Civil War, a formal mission organization did not exist until the etsablishment of the Southern States Mission of the Church in 1875 at Shady Grove, Tennessee. This thesis details the significant events in the mission during the eventful years of the Ben E. Rich administration, 1898 to 1908. Following his courageous example, hundreds of missionaries taught the message of the Restored Gospel to the people of the South during a renewed period of persecution and hatred as the acceptance of Utah on a par with her sister states was tested by the Roberts Trial and the Smoot Hearings. In addition to his role as mission president, Ben E. Rich played a significant part in winning the friendship and support of Theodore Roosevelt during the Smoot Hearings.This study also outlines the history of the mission and the growth of the the Southern Church membership following the Rich administration until 1970.

Small fragments of artificial polymers (microplastics, MPs) has been reported for multiple environmental matrices from our planet. The omnipresent existence of these microplastics even in remote polar areas have raised concern about their potential environmental impacts and created a need for effective and standardized analytical methods targeting their detection in environmental samples. So far, no methods have been developed for detecting microplastics in organic-rich soils. In this master thesis, I evaluate two analytical methods (both based on canola oil extractions) targeting microplastics in two contrasting soil matrices; one mineral rich (sandy mineral soil from a Podzol) and the other by organic matter (sample from a Histosol). I hypothesize that the detection of microplastic has a bias that depends on specific plastic particle properties (size, polymer type and morphology) as well as on the organic content of soil samples. My results show that the recovery of added plastics is strongly dependent on particle size and diminishes with decreasing microplastics length. This result was repeated by both extraction approaches.  Polymer shape and soil characteristics (organic matter content) affect MPs recovery if oil extractions are conducted without pre-treatment (oxidation) step. Here, fibers proved most difficult to detect and low recoveries suggested that the method was not applicable to organic rich samples. The addition of a pretreatment step including oxidation with sodium hypochlorite improved recoveries for organic rich samples and removed the effect of soil type and polymer shape. Hence, the use of a pretreatment is essential to extract MPs from organic-rich soils, but it also decreases the overall recovery for all type of studied polymers and mostly fibers. My study suggests that there is a substantial bias when detecting MPs in soils that is causing a general underestimation, especially for small, fibrous particles in organic rich soils.