The study of archaeological site formation processes, although commonly undertaken in prehistoric sites, is only carried out in historical archaeological sites in a limited way. Understanding the processes which formed the archaeological record of a site is an important first step towards developing justifiable inferences about past behaviour and past societies regardless of the age of the site. This thesis identifies and examines the cultural and noncultural processes that formed the archaeological record at the Commissariat Store, in Brisbane, Australia. The history of the site, from its construction in 1829 as part of the Moreton Bay penal settlement to the present, is examined and the expected impacts and processes on the archaeological record are identified. The archaeological evidence from the salvage excavation of the site undertaken in 1978/79 is analysed to identify the cultural and noncultural site formation processes. This study identified the presence of the cultural formation processes of discard, loss, abandonment and re-use from an examination of the historical and archaeological evidence. Non-cultural formation processes at work in the site include faunalturbation, floralturbation, flooding and aquaturbation. This research also identified deficiencies in Schiffer's model for identifying and categorising cultural formation processes. The activity of construction of the site's drainage system did not clearly fit within a single type of formation process. Water as a formation agent is only discussed in the literature as a non-cultural formation process, while at this site water can be seen as a cultural formation process. This thesis demonstrates the value and importance of understanding site formation processes as a firm basis for future interpretation of the archaeology of the Commissariat Store site.

The broad objective of this study is to examine how assortment factors and category performance are related within the context of specialty retailing. This study formulates two clusters of research questions. The first cluster of research questions focuses on product assortment in general, for example assortment variety and composition. The second cluster of research questions concentrates on a specific area of product assortment, that is, private label products. An organic retailer in Australia collaborates by providing its assortment records and sales reports. The Australian organic retailing industry is an ideal candidate for this study for 1) it is specialty retailing, and 2) the supply situation allows organic retailers considerable flexibility to experiment with different assortment compositions. This study analyses store level cross sub category data and, to supplement this, it conducts a qualitative study and collects field data. Included in the cross sub category analyses are approximately 140 to 180 organic sub categories. The results show that assortment variety has a positive influence on sub category sales. The strength of this positive relationship varies across different sub category types, for example food or non-food. For the private label analyses, the results show that, within the focal store, private label SKUs are more likely to be present in sub categories with larger sales and with supermarket competition present. This study also finds that a deeper manufacturer brand assortment hurts private label performance. This study contributes to a body of cross category empirical generalisations about the complex decisions retailers face by examining the effects of assortment decisions within the context of specialty retailing. It provides some clear empirical evidence for how assortment factors and sub category performance are related through an empirical investigation in a bricks and mortar retail environment. In addition, it tests the generalisability of extant private label research beyond the much discussed conventional supermarket industry and convenience consumer goods contexts. Keywords: assortment, private label, store brand, specialty retailing, cross category, sub category, empirical investigation, organic retailing, Australia

There is a growing realisation from the Australian government that new models of health care will need to be developed to address the disparity of access, increasing demand and escalating cost of traditional means of delivering health care. There is growing evidence showing health care services can be delivered safely and efficiently by email. Despite this body of evidence the clinical utility of email is occurring at a much slower rate than in other business areas. Technological barriers and privacy risks are often cited as cause of the fragmented adoption and utilisation of email-based telemedicine. In addressing these impediments, the service-delivery application needs to be considered. The service-delivery applications used in email-based telemedicine can be divided into two distinct categories. The first is ordinary email applications — such as the commercial products used for personal communication — and the second is where the health care provider undertakes the development of an email application purpose-written to support their telemedicine service. This aim of this research was to develop a decision support model (DSM) to address the complex issues in choosing the service-delivery application most appropriate for an email service. Three areas which would influence a provider’s decision were identified — i) privacy and security ii) economics and ii) quality of service — and investigated. Most emails are sent in plain text across the Internet and pose a privacy risk. Encryption of the email message is used to mitigate the risk. Two means of encryption were investigated: public key infrastructure (PKI) used in conjunction with ordinary email and secure web-mail applications, which require the development of a purpose-written application. Decisive factors in choosing the most appropriate privacy-enhancing technology for an email-based service were identified by a number of means including: technical assessment of encryption models, literature review, survey of users of an email-based telemedicine service and analysis of client applications used in a telemedicine service. This investigation established that correspondent’s perception to privacy risk, email client application support of PKI, risk tolerance to human error and the technical skill are decisive factors in choosing privacy-enhancing technology. The survey respondents considered a privacy breach during email communication was either likely or very unlikely regardless of whether the communication was encrypted or not. Indicating correspondents are unlikely to comply with encryption especially if the technology is cumbersome. Although the population was of a limited demographic, there was a large proliferation (around 87%) of web-mail clients — for example, Hotmail and Gmail — amongst the users of email-based telemedicine services. Web-mail clients cannot be secured with PKI. Hence, assessment of client-email applications used by correspondents in telemedicine will influence the type of privacy-enhancing technology. Technical assessment of privacy-enhancing technology has identified human-error as a risk when using PKI. Secure web-mail obviates human-error. Therefore, tolerance to human-error risk will be decisive in choice of privacy-enhancing technology. PKI has received criticism for being user-unfriendly and requiring technical proficiency to use. This investigation has established the usability of secure web-mail is comparable to ordinary, unencrypted email. Indicating secure communication is feasible when services are not supported by technical expertise. The cost of providing an email-based service is influenced by the service-delivery application. To develop a purpose-written application will cost the heath care provider but staff may be able to work more efficiently because the resultant application contains telemedicine specific functionality that meet the exact requirements of the service. Staff resources to run an email-based telemedicine service using ordinary email were compared to staff resources to run the same service using a purpose-written application. The purpose-written application afforded a reduction of 3% in time for clinical staff. Ancillary staff savings were more pronounced with a 33% reduction in administrative staff time and a 21% reduction in supervisory staff time. A cost-minimisation analysis established at a workload of up to 5000 email consultations per annum it is more economical to the run the service with ordinary email. For higher workload volumes it is cheaper to run the service with a purpose-written application. The threshold of 5000 emails consultations is the point at which the higher initial development cost of a purpose- written application are offset by staff efficiencies. A sensitivity analysis established the most influential factor in the economic model was workload volume — development costs and variable costs had little influence on the threshold. Response time was established as a quality of service metric after investigation demonstrated increases in response time were strongly correlated with a decrease in utilisation rate. The response time to maximise the utilisation rate was 32h or less. Pre- and post- studies demonstrated a purpose-written application can reduce response times. Telemedicine specific functionality in a purpose-written application was also investigated. Conditions for a purpose-written application — for example, use of multi-disciplinary staff, a priority service model and continuum of care over multiple email exchanges — to be efficacious at reducing response times were established. The conditions identified in the privacy and security, economic and quality of service investigation were amalgamated into a DSM. The DSM was retrospectively tested by comparing the output of the model to a gold-standard of the actual service-delivery used by a number of subject organisations. When used to identify services that required a purpose-written application the DSM was 92% sensitive and 92% specific. The model was also tested prospectively and demonstrated 85% concordance from testers in the choosing the service-delivery application. Testing the DSM identified strengths for both ordinary email and purpose-written applications under different circumstances — indicating both are valid alternatives for email-based telemedicine. The individual requirements of a telemedicine service — for example, privacy requirements, participants, the workload volume, number of staff disciplines, mode of service — will dictate the choice of the most appropriate service-delivery application. Informed decision on when and why to use a service-delivery application has implications for the successful delivery of email-based telemedicine services because the choice of service-delivery application will affect: - The staff resources needed to run the service; - The capital cost of implementing a service; - The operating costs of running a service; - The response times to client emails which in turn, influences the utilisation of the service; - The privacy-enhancing technology which in turn, influences the usability and compliance to legislative and statutory requirements.

This research explores the sensory marketing and more specifically the effect of the senses on consumers experience in the clothing distribution sector. The purpose of this paper is to understand if all the senses have an effect on the customer experience in clothing stores. To do this a primary quantitative data has been collected through a questionnaire from clothing store customers to assess the effect of different senses on their consumer experiences. The results obtained by the analyzing of the questionnaire through regression analysis concluded that there are two senses that really stand out of the lot, firstly the smell then secondly the sight.

This diploma thesis deals with consumer behaviour when choosing a store for food purchase. The main aim is to evaluate the importance of individual factors that play role in the selection of grocery store using a questionnaire survey. Secondary goals are to characterize how consumers currently behave in the selection of the store and to confirm or disprove established hypotheses. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with issues related to the topic of the work, the practical part focuses on the marketing research itself, through which all the goals of this work have been fulfilled. As a method of collecting the primary data an electronic questionnaire was used. The data obtained were evaluated using MS Excel and "R" program. Based on the findings possible recommendations for the retailers are also formulated at the end of the practical part.

Submitted by Rosana Santarosa (rsantaros@yahoo.com) on 2016-03-31T18:12:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de mestrado - ROSANA SANTAROSA - FGV_EAESP.pdf: 2730196 bytes, checksum: 7ea8867ae124be74f7eb52934e8083f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2016-03-31T18:52:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de mestrado - ROSANA SANTAROSA - FGV_EAESP.pdf: 2730196 bytes, checksum: 7ea8867ae124be74f7eb52934e8083f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T21:58:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de mestrado - ROSANA SANTAROSA - FGV_EAESP.pdf: 2730196 bytes, checksum: 7ea8867ae124be74f7eb52934e8083f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / A Tecnologia da Informação por meio da internet propiciou o surgimento de um novo ambiente de negócios no qual empresas, clientes e fornecedores estabelecem contato e se relacionam eletronicamente. Instaurou-se assim o Comércio Eletrônico (CE), atraindo inúmeras organizações motivadas pelas baixas barreiras de entrada e pelas grandes oportunidades de negócio, atualmente associadas no Brasil a um faturamento com crescimento de dois dígitos. Contudo, apesar do CE ser responsável por números expressivos e em ascensão na economia nacional, muitas empresas descobriram que a simples presença na web não se traduz em sucesso e enfrentam a escassez no tráfego de usuários em seus sites. Este trabalho buscou, por meio de um estudo de casos múltiplos, identificar quais aspectos são negligenciados em situações de fracasso por inatividade no CE de uma loja virtual considerada inovadora. Objetivou-se relacionar a iniciativa de CE com a inovação, conceituar uma iniciativa de CE fracassada pela inatividade e identificar os aspectos de inovação não observados em uma iniciativa de CE fracassada pela inatividade. Após uma revisão da literatura de CE e inovação, três proposições foram colocadas visando responder à pergunta de pesquisa. A primeira propõe que as iniciativas de CE podem ser consideradas iniciativas inovadoras, a segunda que a inatividade no CE pode ser considerada um tipo de fracasso e a terceira proposição sugere que a inatividade no CE pode ser associada à inobservância dos aspectos de gestão, recursos humanos (RH), investimentos, tecnologia e mercado. Na fase empírica da pesquisa foram analisadas qualitativamente três empresas varejistas nacionais com iniciativas de CE, porém que convivem com a inatividade em suas lojas virtuais. São elas: a Pégasos, A Esportiva e a MXT. Todas foram consideradas inovadoras, seja sob a perspectiva da inovação de marketing, de processos ou organizacional. Entendendo-se a inatividade como um estado de subutilização do site por parte dos potenciais clientes, conceituou-se a inatividade no CE como um tipo de fracasso, pois o tráfego de visitantes registrado mostrou-se nos três casos insuficiente para o sucesso no atingimento dos objetivos das empresas. Por fim, foi possível afirmar que a inatividade no CE pode ser associada à inobservância dos aspectos de gestão, RH, investimentos, tecnologia e mercado na condução de iniciativas inovadoras. Todavia há indícios que sugerem uma relação entre a relevância destes aspectos e a fase crítica no processo de comercialização on-line vivida pela loja virtual. / Information Technology through the Internet has enabled the emergence of a new business environment in which companies, customers and suppliers establish contact and interact electronically. At that point in time e-commerce (EC) was introduced, attracting numerous organizations by low entry barriers and huge business opportunities, which in recent years meant double-digit growth revenue in Brazil. Despite the fact that EC is responsible for noteworthy and rising numbers in the national economy, many companies have realized that simple web presence does not mean success and are facing user traffic shortage on their websites. Using a multiple case study, this research sought to identify which aspects are neglected in situation of EC inactivity failure of a virtual store which is considered innovative. The objectives were to relate EC initiative to innovation, to conceptualize a failed EC initiative due to inactivity and to identify neglected innovation aspects in a failed EC initiative due to inactivity. After reviewing literature on EC and innovation, three propositions were placed in order to answer the research question. The first one proposes that EC initiatives can be considered innovative initiatives, the second one proposes that EC inactivity can be considered a type of failure and the third proposition suggests that EC inactivity can be associated with non-compliance with aspects of management, human resources (HR), investment, technology and the market. In the empirical research phase, three national retailers with EC initiatives who were faced with inactivity in their virtual stores were qualitatively analyzed. The companies selected were: Pégasos, A Esportiva and MXT. All three were considered innovative, whether from a marketing, process or organizational innovation perspective. Considering inactivity as website underuse by potential customers, the study conceptualized EC inactivity as a type of failure due to web traffic registered in all three cases proved to be insufficient in achieving the companies objectives. Summing up, it was possible to assert that EC inactivity of innovative initiatives can be associated with non-compliance with aspects of management, HR, investment, technology and the market. However, there are indications suggesting a correlation between the relevance of these aspects and the critical phase in the online marketing process experienced by the virtual store.

This study is designed as an exploratory empirical attempt to audit the effectiveness with which retail buyers select fashion wearing apparel that meets needs and wants of their constituent target markets. This study presents the retail buyer of fashion wearing apparel as the "gatekeeper" who controls the flow of apparel products through various "checkpoints" as these products move from producer to consumer, thus controlling product availability. This study has a three-fold purpose. The first is to determine if significant differences exist between retail buyers' selections (ratings) and constituent market selections (ratings) when given like; alternatives on manufacturing levels. The second is to determine whether differences exist between the extents to which department store retail buyers and specialty store retail buyers meet the needs and wants of their constituent markets. The third purpose is to determine if significant differences exist between sales performances of like and unlike retail buyer/consumer choices.

The aim of the work with subject Logistical management of transport of the chosen company is making of suggestion of better solution to the system of sale and transportation from the manufactory to the customer. The chosen company deals with woodworking and production of wooden products. The introductory literature search interprets the single logistical concepts and it introduces us this work. Next comes the characteristics of the chosen company, its{\crq} history and structure. Following chapter describes the production process and products which are produced by the company. In further part I{\crq}m concerned with analysis of present condition of the sale which is realized by company stores to the customer, and with system of supply and transportation to the links of this distribution chain. The final part of this work presents proposed changes in solution of this system and information how could this system function.

Retail store closures are on pace to pass those during the 2008 recession; meanwhile, consumer confidence is strong and unemployment is low.This puzzling situation sparks the question of how retailers can change their current business models and tactics to capitalize on a stronger economy and changing consumer preferences. Key solutions may lie in the strategies and decisions of America’s fastest growing retailers. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand common trends that are driving revenue growth in today’s consumer retail companies. The study produces characteristics useful for struggling retailers to develop and adapt in hopes of achieving growth and stability in the changing retail sector. The research design is a collection of variables from two data sets, one made up of 220 U.S. retailers and the other including the top 50 fastest-growing publicly traded U.S. retailers. This data comes from respective 10-K annual reports. The data is analyzed using STATA to identify strong trends and correlations among the top players in the retail space. Some notable characteristics are revenue in dollars, revenue growth percentages, gross margin percentages, square footage, employee count and sales ratios in dollars.

現今零售市場，傳統實體通路業者面臨電子商務衝擊，努力開拓線上市場，原本純經營網路之業者也已開始紛紛佈局線下，如亞馬遜、阿里巴巴…等。虛實整合已成趨勢，不論純線上或者純線下的商業模式，都將會面臨衝擊，零售商之實體和虛擬通路、資源必須不斷整合，打破傳統思維不斷創新。 在現今虛實整合趨勢下，傳統實體通路業者相對線上業者，已投入大量成本於建置、經營實體通路；而就台灣零售市場而言，百貨公司業者於整體零售業營收中佔高比例，且於現今市場環境中面臨「消費需求多變」的經營困境，因此，本研究旨於探討台灣百貨業者於虛實整合下可採行之行銷策略。 透過量化研究，綜合了解消費者虛實通路購物習慣和偏好、百貨公司購物習慣和偏好、百貨公司虛實整合現況認知及接受度與百貨業者現今提供之產品和服務滿足消費者需求的程度，整理出品牌/商品差異化、服務品質提升、增強體驗、提供更多休閒樂趣、完善會員制度與提供並整合多元消費/接觸管道六點行銷策略建議，希望給予百貨公司業者與面臨市場衝擊下，如何吸引消費者之行銷策略面之建議、協助策略之訂定。 / In today’s retail market, the traditional brick-and-mortar retailers have strived to develop online market after facing intense competition from e-commerce prosperity, online retailers such as Amazon and Alibaba have also started to expand offline market. Omni-channel has become the market trend, both online-only retailers and traditional physical stores are facing challenges. Retailers have to integrate online and offline channel resources, and keep innovating. Contrast to online retailers, traditional brick-and-mortar retailers have invested a lot of resources in building and managing physical channels. Department stores sales accounts high proportion of total retail market sales and are facing the problem of changing customer needs. Therefore, this study examines the marketing strategy that department stores can take under the trend of omni-channel. Through quantitative research that designed to understand customer buying behavior, including shopping habits and preferences in online and offline channels and in department stores, cognition and acceptance of department store’s nowadays omnichannel strategy, and satisfactions of the products and services that currently provided by department stores. This study proposes six marketing strategy recommendations, which are brand/ product differentiation, service quality upgrade, shopping experience enhancement, entertainment providing, loyalty program improvement, and channels/ touch points integration. Based on these recommendations, the study hopes to help the department stores to figure out the ways to attract customers and build the strategy under the market challenges.