Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2441751 bytes, checksum: 84e04bccf99a5e4fa151e0793c515fc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Le présent travail recherche le discours sur l usage pédagogique de la charge dans l Éducation de Jeunes et Adultes (EJA). La littérature consultée sur la question remarque que la charge peut être comprise comme une représentation graphique du caractère critique et harmonieux de certains faits sociaux actuel. La charge a été identifié comme un événement discursif, situé dans le scénario de la culture visuelle, objective sur divers places sociales d apprentissage et artefacts culturels, par exemple de l école et des matériels didactiques pédagogiques qu'elle utilise. La recherche analyse et décrit les singularités des discours pédagogiques qui énoncent et cherchent la charge comme une stratégie par rapport à la formation des sujets de l EJA. Cet établissement met en évidence l existence d un ensemble de savoirs sur le sujet qui sont matérialisés dans les livres et les productions académiques. En ayant en vue la spécification de cet ensemble, a été employée la théorie méthodologique de l analyse archéologie du discours proposé par Michel Foucault (2012). De cette façon, a été identifié les séries énonciatives qui montrent les particularités des artefacts visuels en plus, de la charge. Et plus spécifiquement, les séries qui montrent l'usage de la charge dans l'éducation, et d'une manière particulière dans l`EJA. Pendant l'analyse, la recherche caractérise et décrit cet ordre discursif, selon les objectifs de la recherche. On comprend que la charge est utilisée pédagogiquement comme modalité de lecture relative à la réflexion, la compréhension, l'interprétation, la créativité et le dialogue. On décrit que leur usage pédagogique promet un rapport triade, dans le quel existe le sujet, le texte et la réalité qui constituent un processus qui pose le problème et la compréhension critique. Dans ce scénario, le professeur apparaît dans une position de sujet médiateur et l'élève de l´EJA comme un sujet constructeur et souverain dans le travail pédagogique. / A presente pesquisa investiga o discurso sobre o uso pedagógico da charge na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). A literatura consultada sobre a questão assinala que a charge pode ser entendida como uma representação gráfica de caráter crítico e humorístico que aborda determinados fatos sociais atuais. Ao identificar a charge como um acontecimento discursivo, situado no cenário da cultura visual, objetivados em diversos lugares sociais de aprendizagem e artefatos culturais, a exemplo da escola e dos materiais didático-pedagógicos que ela utiliza, a pesquisa analisa e descreve as singularidades dos discursos pedagógicos que anunciam e recorrem à charge como uma estratégia relacionada à formação dos sujeitos da EJA. Esta constatação evidencia a existência de um acúmulo de saberes sobre o assunto, que são materializados em livros e produções acadêmicas. Tendo em vista a especificidade desta pesquisa, utiliza-se como ferramenta a Análise Arqueológica do Discurso de Michel Foucault (2012). Assim sendo, são identificadas séries de enunciados que apontam as particularidades dos artefatos visuais e mais precisamente, da charge. Ademais, identificam-se as séries enunciativas que apontam o uso da charge na educação e, em particular, na modalidade EJA. No curso da análise, a investigação caracteriza e descreve essa ordem discursiva, conforme os objetivos da pesquisa. Dessa forma, compreende-se que a charge é utilizada pedagogicamente como modalidade de leitura no que tange a reflexão, a compreensão, a interpretação, a criticidade e o diálogo. Descreve-se que seu uso pedagógico promove uma relação triádica, na qual se inserem o sujeito, o texto e a realidade, constituindo um processo de problematização e compreensão crítica. Nesse cenário, o professor aparece em uma posição de sujeito de mediador e o aluno da EJA como um sujeito construtor e autônomo no trabalho pedagógico.

São apresentadas as soluções aproximadas de alguns problemas de transporte de carga em dielétricos, inexpugnáveis ainda a um tratamento rigoroso, usando-se o Método de Galerkin. Com ele reduz-se o sistema de equações a derivadas parciais, que descrevem o transporte na presença de armadilhas, em um sistema de equações diferenciais ordinárias que são, então, integradas numericamente. Sempre que possível, a solução aproximada é comparada com alguma exata ou quase-exata, como a que se obtém da integração numérica direta do sistema de equações a derivadas parciais com o Método das Diferenças Finitas. Três diferentes condições de contorno são empregadas aqui: circuito aberto, curto circuito e circuito fechado com uma voltagem aplicada entre os eletrodos; em alguns casos considera-se temperatura variável. Este método requer que seja escollhida a priori, a forma da distribuição de carga livre; verifica-se que a corrente é mais sensível a esta distribuição do que o potencial de superfície, que sempre resulta muito próximo do exato, mesmo quando a aproximação parece grosseira. / Approximate solutions for some problems of charge transport in dielectrics, unsolved yet by exact methods, are presented using Galerkin\'s Method. This allows to transforming the system of partial differential equations, describing transport with trapping, into a system of ordinary differential equations which are, then, integrated numerically. Whenever possible, a comparison is made between this approximate solution with some exact or quasi-exact solution as, for example, that obtained from the direct numerical integrated of the system of partial differential equations using the Finite Difference Method. Three different boundary conditions are considered here: open circuit, short circuit and closed circuit with a voltage applied between the electrodes; in some cases the temperature was allowed to vary. Use of Galerkin\'s Method requires a priori choice of the free charge distribution; there results that the current is more sensitive to this distribution than the surface potential which leads to good results even when the approximation seems crude.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:20:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Marcelo Rodrigo da Silva.pdf: 7342832 bytes, checksum: 1d8582994e59bfeaa4b0dab570adab1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-18 / The virtuality and cyberspace have brought remarkable changes to communication and are still spaces in potential discovery and experimentation in contemporary regarded as Post-modern. The Virtual Charges are examples of this ongoing process and present as fruitful field for study of interculturality, from the analysis of the articulation of its structure signic in the translation process of cultural signs. Thus, the keynote of this research is to observe the Virtual Charge as the environment of the interculturality, through cultural signs designed and coded in translator's action of cartoonist.To do so, at first, will be investigated the potential of virtual support and the definitions of Virtual Charges, identifying the changes that have marked their language due to the change in support. At this point will be taken conceptualizations about cyberspace and the virtual environment and studied the settings on the Virtual Charges as part of opinionated journalism and literary genre; will also be identified the changes caused by the change to the virtual support, observing features characteristic of his language, like humor, parody and irony, coupled with the concept of dialogism. In the second chapter will be thorough the studies about the concept of mediasphere, and audiovisual language; will also be studied the links between semic hues that result in the articulation of language with cultural signs in the narrative. The third chapter will be done an application of the studies about semiosphere, as well as the concept of Translation Intersemiotic (IT) as moored Julio Plaza; will also be studied the speech of the charges using the concepts of mimesis and semiosis. In the fourth and final chapter will be done an explanation about the influence of the Territoriality on the approach of te charges and Will be further detailed the studies of the Interculturalism. In compliance with the elements and concepts studied, was observed that the translator action of the Virtual Charge provides the Interculturalism, in that the characters are imbued with cultural signs and carry meanings related to crops where they came from, whether these cultural signs revealed under hues semics sound, visual or verbal. / A virtualidade e o ciberespaço trouxeram transformações marcantes à comunicação e ainda são espaços em potencial descoberta e experimentação na contemporaneidade tida como Pós-moderna. As Charges Virtuais são exemplos desse processo em curso e apresentam-se como campo frutífero para o estudo sobre a interculturalidade, a partir da análise da articulação de sua estrutura sígnica no processo de tradução dos signos culturais. Sendo assim, a tônica da presente pesquisa é observar a Charge Virtual como ambiente da interculturalidade, através dos signos culturais elaborados e codificados na ação tradutora do chargista. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, serão estudadas as potencialidades do suporte virtual e as definições de Charge Virtual, identificando as mudanças que marcaram sua linguagem em decorrência da mudança de suporte. Neste ponto são adotadas conceituações sobre o ciberespaço e o ambiente virtual e estudadas as definições sobre as Charges Virtuais enquanto elemento do jornalismo opinativo e gênero literário; também são identificadas as transformações causadas pela mudança para o suporte virtual, observando-se recursos característicos de sua linguagem, como o humor, a paródia e a ironia, atrelados ao conceito de dialogismo. No segundo capítulo serão aprofundados os estudos sobre o conceito de Midiasfera, e a linguagem audiovisual; também serão estudadas as articulações entre as matizes sêmicas que resultam na articulação da linguagem com os signos culturais na narrativa. No terceiro capítulo será feita uma aplicação dos estudos sobre Semiosfera, assim como do conceito de Tradução Intersemiótica (TI), ancorado em Júlio Plaza; também será estudado o discurso chárgico à luz dos conceitos de mimeses e semioses. No quarto e último capítulo será feita uma explanação sobre a influência da Territorialidade na abordagem chárgica e serão aprofundados os estudos sobre a Interculturalidade. Com a observância dos elementos e conceitos estudados, foi possível verificar que a ação tradutora da Charge Virtual propicia a Interculturalidade, na medida em que as personagens são imbuídas de signos culturais e carregam consigo significados relacionados às culturas de onde são provenientes, sejam esses signos culturais revelados sob matizes sêmicas sonoras, visuais ou verbais.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-16T14:13:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marceloromero.pdf: 4131276 bytes, checksum: 5c51df26c114acbd229a7c2f89f2de9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-27T21:56:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marceloromero.pdf: 4131276 bytes, checksum: 5c51df26c114acbd229a7c2f89f2de9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T21:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marceloromero.pdf: 4131276 bytes, checksum: 5c51df26c114acbd229a7c2f89f2de9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Essa tese analisa a série de imagens produzidas por Arnaldo Angeli Filho (1956), o chargista Angeli, sobre o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1994-2002), intitulada FHC: biografia não-autorizada. Objetiva caracterizar a interpretação elaborada pelo artista sobre a prática política do governante por meio da identificação e sistematização das estratégias de enunciação da sua crítica política. Procurou demonstrar que nas charges analisadas prevalece o tom da crítica política irascível, além de mordaz e desconcertante, próprio da tradição imagética conformadora da arte caricatural desde o século XVIII, não obstante a subsunção da produção artística do desenhista à linguagem política do periódico que a veiculou, o jornal Folha de S.Paulo. Assim, concebeu-se a charge como um referente histórico por meio do qual se pode acessar o contexto linguístico que lhe foi correspondente, e cuja análise permite reconhecer as práticas e os conflitos políticos expressos pelos atores históricos que se constituíram como interlocutores do debate político no Brasil ao final do século XX. / This thesis analyzes the series of images produced by Arnaldo Angeli Filho (1956), the cartoonist Angeli, on the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1994-2002), entitled FHC: unauthorized biography. Objectively characterize the interpretation developed by the artist on the ruler's political practice by identifying and systematization of enunciation strategies of their political criticism. He sought to show that the charges analyzed prevails the tone of fractious political criticism, and biting and confusing, own the conformadora imagery tradition of caricature art since the eighteenth century, despite the subsumption of artistic production designer to the political language of the journal that ran , the newspaper Folha de S.Paulo. Thus was conceived the cartoon as a historical reference through which one can access the linguistic context that was his correspondent, whose analysis allows to recognize the practical and political conflicts expressed by the historical actors that formed as interlocutors of the political debate in Brazil at the end of the twentieth century.

Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La photocatalyse se base sur l’excitation d’un semi-conducteur par des photons d’énergie supérieure ou égale à son gap, générant des paires électron-trous. Celles-ci sont très réactives et susceptibles de réagir à l’interface pour réaliser par exemple l’oxydation totale d’un composé organique. Cette méthode peut être appliquée sur des eaux usées pour éliminer totalement les polluants organiques qui y sont présents. Dans la perspective d’une utilisation du soleil comme source de lumière, cette méthode peut s’avérer très économique et écologique pour le traitement de l’eau.L’interaction lumière-semi-conducteur et la dynamique des porteurs de charge sont des processus physico-chimiques primordiaux pour la photocatalyse, et il est nécessaire de bien les comprendre pour maîtriser le procédé et développer des matériaux plus efficaces. La Time Resolved Microwave Conductivity (TRMC) est une technique qui se base sur la réflexion des micro-ondes sur un semi-conducteur excité qui est directement reliée avec le nombre de porteurs de charge photo-générés. Il s’agit d’un moyen de sonder en temps réel la dynamique des porteurs de charge dans les semi-conducteurs.Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR PhotoNorm. Il consiste en une étude par TRMC de dioxyde de titane TiO2 utilisé pour la dépollution de l’eau par photocatalyse. Une partie de cette étude concerne la caractérisation des propriétés opto-électroniques des matériaux, pour lesquels la dynamique des porteurs de charge sera comparée à l’activité photocatalytique. L’effet bénéfique en photocatalyse de la déposition de nanoparticules d'or, d'argent ou bimetallique or-cuivre sur des TiO2 commerciaux sera relié à une capture d’électrons libres observée en TRMC. L’effet bénéfique sur la photocatalyse en lumière visible a été relié à une injection d’électrons dans le TiO2 par des nanoparticules de bismuth. L’autre partie de ce travail consiste en une étude plus fondamentale de la dynamique des porteurs de charge dans des TiO2 commerciaux ou synthétisés dans le cadre du projet PhotoNorm. Il y sera montré l’importance de la longueur d’onde et de l’intensité d’excitation du matériau sur le rendement de génération de porteurs de charge. L’importance des effets de surface et de l’environnement seront aussi mis en évidence de plusieurs façons. La première consiste simplement en un traitement chimique de la surface (lavage), qui peut avoir une grande influence à la fois sur la dynamique des porteurs de charge et sur la photocatalyse, sûrement en lien avec la présence d’impuretés de surface. La seconde consiste à imprégner le TiO2 par des colorants organiques présentant une forte absorption en lumière visible. Les mesures de TRMC sur ces systèmes permettent de mettre en évidence l’interaction entre le semi-conducteur et les molécules extérieures adsorbées à sa surface, notamment l’injection d’électrons du colorant excité vers le semi-conducteur, mais aussi des effets de recombinaison accrus. La troisième méthode consiste à modifier l’atmosphère de travail en TRMC. Il y est observé notamment l’importance de l’oxygène sur la dynamique des porteurs de charge, et notamment les effets de captures d’électrons, phénomènes qui entrent en jeu dans le processus de photocatalyse.Au final, la TRMC s’avère être un bon moyen d’étude de la durée de vie des porteurs de charge dans les semi-conducteurs, qui peut permettre de mieux comprendre les processus fondamentaux associés à la photocatalyse. / The photocatalysis is based on the excitation of semiconductor by photons with an energy superior or equal to the gap, generating electron-hole pairs. These are very reactive and able to react at the interface, involving for exemple the total oxidation of an organic compound. This method can be used on wastewater to eliminate the organic pollutants. With a view to use the sun as a light source this method may become an economical and ecological way for the water treatment. Light interaction between light and semiconductor and the charge-carrier dynamics are fundamental processes for photocatalysis and it is necessary to understand them in order to manage with this process and develop more efficient materials. The Time Resolved Microwave Conductivity (TRMC) is a method based on the reflexion of microwaves on an excited semiconductor which is linked to the number of photo-generated charge-carriers. This method allows us to probe in real time the charge-carrier dynamics in semiconductor. This work is included in the ANR Photonorm project. It consists in a TRMC study on titanium dioxyde TiO2 used for water depollution by photocatalysis. One part of this study consists in the characterization of the opto-electronic properties of materials for which the charge-carrier dynamics will be compared with the photocatalytic activity. The beneficial effect of nanoparticles deposition of gold, silver or gold-copper bimetallics on commercial TiO2 will be linked to the observation of free electrons observed by TRMC . The beneficial effect on photocatalysis in visible light was linked to an electron injection in TiO2 by bismuth nanoparticles. The second part of this work consists in a more fundamental study of charge-carrier dynamics on commercial or synthetized for the Photonorm project. I will be shown the importance of excitation wavelength and intensities on charge carrier generation. The importance of surface effect and environment will be emphasized by several ways. The first one just consist in surface treatment which can have a major importance on charge-carrier dynamics and photocatalysis, probably in connection with the presence or not of impurities on the surface. The second way consists in impregnating TiO2 by organic dyes which show a strong visible light absorption. The TRMC measurements highlight the interaction between the adsorbed molecules and the semiconducteur, including the electron injection from the excited dye to the TiO2 but also an increased recombination effect. The third method consist in modified the working atmosphere in TRMC. The major role of oxygen is so observed on charge-carrier dynamics, with an effect of electron capture, involving in photocatalytic mechanism.Finally TRMC proves to be a convenient method for studying charge-carrier dynamics in semiconductors, which allow a better understanding of fundamental processes bound to photocatalysis.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23223号 / 工博第4867号 / 新制||工||1760(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 大北 英生, 教授 辻井 敬亘, 教授 田中 一生 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

The efficiency of photoconversion systems, such as organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, is largely controlled by a series of fundamental photophysical processes occurring at the interface before carrier collection. A profound understanding of ultrafast interfacial charge transfer (CT), charge separation (CS), and charge recombination (CR) is the key determinant to improving the overall performances of photovoltaic devices. The discussion in this dissertation primarily focuses on the relevant parameters that are involved in photon absorption, exciton separation, carrier transport, carrier recombination and carrier collection in organic photovoltaic devices. A combination of steady-state and femtosecond broadband transient spectroscopies was used to investigate the photoinduced charge carrier dynamics in various donor-acceptor systems. Furthermore, this study was extended to investigate some important factors that influence charge transfer in donor-acceptor systems, such as the morphology, energy band alignment, electronic properties and chemical structure. Interestingly, clear correlations among the steady-state measurements, time-resolved spectroscopy results, grain alignment of the electron transporting layer (ETL), carrier mobility, and device performance are found. In this thesis, we explored the significant impacts of ultrafast charge separation and charge recombination at donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces on the performance of a conjugated polymer PTB7-Th device with three fullerene acceptors: PC71BM, PC61BM and IC60BA. Time-resolved laser spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy can illustrate the basis for fabricating solar cell devices with improved performances. In addition, we studied the effects of the incorporation of heavy metals into π-conjugated chromophores on electron transfer by monitoring the triplet state lifetime of the oligomer using transient absorption spectroscopy, as understanding the mechanisms controlling intersystem crossing and photoinduced electron transfer dynamics is required to improve the device performance of solar cells. Here, we evaluated the effects of incorporating Pt(II) on intersystem crossing and photoinduced electron transfer by comparing and analyzing the photoexcited dynamics of DPP-Pt(II)(acac) and metal-free DPP with different acceptors such as TCNE, TMPyP, and TPyP.

Cette thèse décrit le développement de trois méthodes de formation de liaison C-P par fonctionnalisation de liaison C-H avec l’utilisation d’aucun métal de transition.Tout d’abord, une méthode de phosphorylation régiosélective a été développée via un procédé séquentiel, constitué d’une activation de la pyridine par l’acide de Lewis BF3 suivie d’une oxydation par la chloranile qui réaromatise le cycle pyridinique. La caractérisation de l’intermédiaire de Meisenheimer par des études RMN à basse température nous a permis de confirmer le mécanisme de la réaction. Ensuite, nous avons développé une voie d’accès directe aux oxydes de benzo[b]phosphole à partir d’oxyde de phosphine secondaire et d’alycne via l’utilisation d’un oxydant organique et d’un organophotocatalyseur. Mis à part la grande étendue de cette méthodologie que nous avons appliquée à de nombreux susbtrats, nous avons effectué de nombreuses études physico-chimiques (RPE, RMN, diffraction des rayons X,…), qui nous a permis de proposer un courant. Ces études nous ont notamment permis de caractériser un complexe à transfert de charge existant entre l’état fondamental de l’organophotocatalyseur et l’oxydant organique qui est à l’origine de l’efficience de ce procédé. Enfin, nous avons développé une méthode de phosphorylation régiosélective et photoinduite d’aniline, ne nécessitant l’ajout d’aucun photocatalyseur. La réaction fonctionnne grâce à la photoexcitation d’un complexe à transfert de charge l’aniline et l’oxydant organique. Des études mécanistiques ont permis de caractériser ce complexe ainsi qu’un intermédiaire de type iminium. / This thesis describes the successful development of three modes of activation for the formation of Carbon–Phosphorus bonds under mild conditions and without the use of transition metals.First, a regioselective phosphorylation of pyridines has been developed via a sequential process consisting of the activation of the pyridine with a Lewis acid (BF3) followed by oxidative aromatization mediated by chloranil. The characterization of the Meisenheimer complex enabled to confirm the proposed reaction mechanism. Next, we developed a straightforward approach for the synthesis of benzo[b]phospholes from the reaction of secondary phosphine oxides and alkynes in the presence of an organic oxidant and eosin Y as a catalyst. Apart from the broad scope of this reaction, extensive mechanistic investigations, including EPR, NMR, steady state photolysis permitted the elucidation of the mechanism of this photoreaction. It has been suggested that the oxidant and the photocatalyst come together to form a ground state charge transfer complex that is the driving force of the photocatalyzed process. Finally, we developed a metal-free photoinduced approach for the phosphorylation of anilines and related structures. The reaction proceeded through the formation of an electron donor acceptor complexes between anilines derivatives (electron donors) and N–ethoxypyridinium (electron acceptor). Scope and limitations of this process are discussed along with detailed mechanistic studies.

Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich umfassend mit dem Krankheitsbild der Choanalatresie/-stenose und begleitend auftretenden Fehlbildungen. Schwerpunkt ist das CHARGE-Syndrom als häufig vorkommender Fehlbildungskomplex. 25 Patienten wurden mit der Diagnose Choanalatresie/-stenose am Kinderzentrum des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig AöR von 1997 bis 2007 behandelt. In sechs Fällen trat ein CHARGE-Syndrom auf. Zur retrospektiven Auswertung kamen allgemeine Patienteninformationen, Daten zu Schwangerschaft, Geburt und postnataler Anpassung sowie Therapiemaßnahmen, genetische Untersuchungen und der kindliche Wachstumsverlauf. In 16 Fällen konnten prospektive Angaben ermittelt werden. Es erfolgte eine klinische Untersuchung sowie die Durchführung von Entwicklungstests. Dabei wurden je nach Alter des Kindes die Denver Entwicklungsskalen bzw. der Five to Fifteen-Fragebogen eingesetzt. Ein Elternfragebogen diente der Erfassung soziodemographischer Daten, Informationen bezüglich der kindlichen Entwicklung, auftretender Erkrankungen und Inanspruchnahme ambulanter therapeutischer Maßnahmen sowie der Beurteilung der kindlichen Nasenatmung. Besonderes Interesse galt der Einschätzung der Lebensqualität betroffener Eltern. Zum Einsatz kam das Ulmer Lebensqualitäts-Inventar für Eltern chronisch kranker Kinder. Auf die große Bedeutung der kindlichen Frühförderung und die intensive Unterstützung dieser Familien wird hingewiesen.