Pause analysis is a method that investigates processes of writing by measuring the amount of time between pen strokes. It provides the field of second language studies with a means to explore the cognitive processes underpinning the nature of writing. This study examined the potential of using free handwritten copying of sentences as a means of investigating components of the cognitive processes of adults who have English as their Second Language (ESL). A series of one pilot and three experiments investigated possible measures of language skill and the factors that influence the quality of the measures. The pilot study, with five participants of varying English competence, identified copying without pre-reading to be an effective task and ‘median' at the beginning of words to be an effective measure. Experiment 1 (n=20 Malaysian speakers) found jumbled sentences at the letter and word levels to effectively differentiate test-taker competence in relation to grammatical knowledge. Experiment 2 (n=20 Spanish speakers) investigated the jumbling effects further, but found that participants varied their strategy depending on the order of the sentence types. As a result, Experiment 3 (n= 24 Malaysian speakers) used specific task instructions to control participant strategy use, so that they either attended to the meaning of the sentences, or merely copied as quickly as possible. Overall, these experiments show that it is feasible to apply pause analysis to cognitively investigate both grammar and vocabulary components of language processing. Further, a theoretical information processing model of copying (MoC) was developed. The model assists in the analysis and description of (1) the flow of copying processes; (2) the factors that might affect longer or shorter pauses amongst participants of varying competence level; and (3) sentence stimuli design.

This dissertation follows the analysis of communication processes established in the discipline Calculus Differential and Integral I of course degree in mathematics at the Center for Distance Higher Studies, Federal University of Sergipe, partner institution of the program Open University of Brazil. This is a qualitative research, case study with a phenomenological approach, with the use of elements ethnographic. The subjects were students, tutors and teacher discipline coordinator bound to Calculus I course in the school period 2010/2 of that institution. The dissertation focused on the following problem: how were established communication processes between the group tutor-student- teacher discipline coordinator in the context of the Calculus I discipline and how it interfered in the process of teaching and learning of this group. We tried to build a clash of ideas from studies of Vygotsky (1991, 1996), Morin (2005, 2009, 2010) and Peters (2003, 2004) regarding communication and interrelationships with the teaching and learning. In view of the aspects analyzed the study pointed out that the processes of communication between subjects occurred in a discontinuous manner and in the case of student-tutor occurred via e-mail or individual messages, and that the guidelines were articulated from written language only, so you could see that some of the difficulties with regard to learning content was related to the difficulties presented in the displacement of a teaching-learning developed from language "spoken " trampled to another predominantly written language. Due to this fact, some students have resorted to private tutors not linked to the UAB program. Another point worth mentioning is that the efficiency in relation to communication processes established between students-teachers- cut across the responsibilities of persons involved and into the limits of the tasks of a number of professionals who advised. / Esta dissertação decorre da análise dos processos de comunicação estabelecidos na disciplina Cálculo Diferencial e Integral I do curso de licenciatura em matemática do Centro de Estudos Superior a Distância da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, instituição parceira do programa Universidade Aberta do Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, estudo de caso com uma abordagem fenomenológica, com a utilização de elementos de natureza etnográfica. Os sujeitos foram os alunos, tutores e professor coordenador de disciplina vinculado a disciplina Cálculo I no período letivo 2010/2 da referida instituição. A investigação centrou-se no seguinte problema: de que maneira foram estabelecidos os processos de comunicação entre o grupo aluno-tutor- professor coordenador de disciplina no contexto da disciplina Cálculo I e como isso interferiu no processo de ensino-aprendizagem deste grupo. Buscou-se construir um embate de idéias a partir dos estudos de Vygotsky (1991, 1996), Morin (2005, 2009, 2010) e Peters (2003, 2004) no que concerne comunicação e as inter-relações com o ensino-aprendizagem. Diante dos aspectos analisados o estudo apontou que os processos de comunicação entre os sujeitos ocorreram de forma pontual, sendo que no caso de aluno-tutor ocorreu por meio de mensagens individuais. Os orientações foram articuladas a partir de linguagem exclusivamente escrita, sendo possível constatar que parte das dificuldades no que concerne a aprendizagem de conteúdos estava relacionada às dificuldades apresentadas no deslocamento de um ensinoaprendizagem desenvolvido a partir de linguagem oralizada para um outro calcado em linguagem predominantemente escrita. Em decorrência desse fato, alguns alunos recorreram a professores particulares não vinculados ao programa Universidade Aberta do Brasil. Outro ponto que vale destacar é que a eficiência em relação aos processos de comunicação estabelecidos entre alunos-tutores-professor coordenador de disciplina perpassam as responsabilidades dos sujeitos envolvidos e adentra os limites das incumbências de uma série de profissionais que os assessoraram.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur den pedagogiska, fysiska och sociala miljön påverkar undervisningen i fritidshemmet samt lärarnas upplevelser av de olika miljöerna. Vilka möjligheter och hinder upplever lärare i fritidshem för att anpassa miljön för alla elever? Studien bygger på semi-struktuerade intervjuer samt ett observationsschema där den fysiska och pedagogiska miljön studerades. Vi har intervjuat sex lärare i fritidshem på tre olika skolor. Resultatet visar att miljön har stor påverkan för hur undervisning kan bedrivas i fritidshemmet. Framförallt lyfts den fysiska miljöns betydelse för undervisningens roll i fritidshemmet. Resultatet visar att det ser väldigt olika ut på fritidshemmen och att det i sin tur påverkar kvalitén. I resultatet synliggörs vilka möjligheter och hinder lärarna upplever i den fysiska, pedagogiska och sociala miljön.

Through the evolution of digital media technology, social networks and more recently Web 3.0 (e.g. Cloud-based) technologies, culture and memory is being transformed, both in relation to how memories are represented, and how they may be engaged with or re-accessed. As digital technology alters ways in which knowledge is produced, stored, connected and shared, new terrains, tools and artefacts are formed; new cultural practices alter the ways in which we remember and the ways in which memory is processed, destabilising traditional “historically encoded social habits: religion, authority, morality, traditional values, or political ideology” (Diamantaki 2013). This doctoral project consists of two parts exploring questions of memory in contemporary time. The practice work submitted develops various imaginaries and investigates how to enable mnemonic practices so that works function as memory palaces where bodies and ‘collective' and ‘networked memories' (Hoskins, 2010) can be realised. The work, briefly summarised, includes communal activities in public spaces (a series of workshops and heritage day events, Rendezvous, centrally social activities organised between Fabrica and various charitable organisations in Brighton). It includes a series of installation works, as a transitional process of memory between body, object, an investigation of ubiquitous technology, are investigated – iremembr (2009-15); Rendezvous (2010-15); Untitled#21 (2012). And it leads to the development of an installation piece, 200.104.200.2 (2013-15), that seeks to offer or extend the possibilities of the act of remembering, of memory, as a post-Internet experience; a complex temporal, social, spatial and material, overlapping and merging human and silicon memory. In this, the written component of the combined and larger project, questions concerning memory and digital technology, and how to explore them, are taken up in theoretical terms, and the works I have produced returned to and explored in these contexts. A central project here has been to locate new forms of qualities of ‘digital' memory in a memory map or topology that builds on adapts, and develops other models. Aspects of zones of memory are explored centrally in each of the later thesis chapters each of which also takes up a particular aspect of my practice. The intention – and the contribution to the development of critical thinking around the digital – particularly critical thinking that comes through digital media art practice, is to question how digital technology intervenes in the process of memory; how the concept of digital memory is being thought about; leading me to investigate what does this new digital terrain do as it overlaps and re-writes to some extent the older ones? How does it change ‘how memory happens'.