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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Prioli Cordeiro.pdf: 1316244 bytes, checksum: a6a76ba58d3d1fcda936b3892e7fcd21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The social movements created by deficient people have had a profound effect on the quality of their lives. Such initiatives pertain to education, work, health and the involvement of these people in every social aspect of life. This work is about one of these movements, the Independent Living Movement (ILM). In this study, we aimed to identify the terms used to convey the feeling of independent living, as well as the possibilities associated with this life style. To complete this work, we acquired input from deficient people, an uncommon practice for projects of this nature. Besides allowing those people to speak, this work also aimed to fill a gap in the literature about deficiency and social movements the scarce literature regarding ILM. This movement s principles are in place in various countries and play an important role in international politics, which is why we thought these studies were important. To perform our studies, we analyzed, according to a constructionist perspective, documents from public domain produced by ILM and we conducted two focus groups with some of its members. Our findings indicated that independent life is understood as praxis, i.e., the process of putting theoretical knowledge into practice. In addition, we verified that the terms used to convey the concept of independent life were: independence, autonomy, empowerment, self-determination, participation and equal opportunities. The analysis of the documents from public domain and the focus groups allowed us realize that all these terms contributed to a new way of understanding deficiency. Using and practicing these terms, ILM members seek recognition as social actors, involvement in society and control of their lives. They believe the personal autonomy and the independent living are the factors that turn this reality possible. In other words, they believe that deficient people need to be accepted as ordinary citizens, without being stratified and be able to help each other to confront the social stigma that labels them as second-class citizens / Os movimentos sociais em defesa das pessoas com deficiência têm assumido um papel cada vez mais importante na luta pela melhoria da qualidade de vida dessa população. Suas principais reivindicações são relacionadas à educação, ao trabalho, à saúde e aos serviços que implicam maior participação dessas pessoas em todos os momentos do convívio social. Este trabalho aborda um desses movimentos, o Movimento de Vida Independente (MVI). Nessa abordagem, buscamos identificar os repertórios disponíveis para dar sentido à noção de vida independente, bem como as possibilidades de ação dos sentidos assim produzidos. Com isso, objetivamos, primeiramente, dar voz às próprias pessoas com deficiência, já que esta é uma prática pouco comum em trabalhos acadêmicos. Além disso, objetivamos, também, suprir uma lacuna na literatura sobre Vida Independente. Além de ser um grupo reivindicativo bastante ativo em diversos países, seus princípios direcionam políticas públicas internacionais. Por esta razão, pensamos ser da maior importância estudar esses princípios. Em especial, a noção de Vida Independente, uma vez que ela constitui o fundamento de todos eles, norteando a filosofia e as estratégias de luta e resistência desse movimento. Para tanto, analisamos, a partir dos pressupostos do construcionismo social, documentos de domínio público produzidos pelo MVI e realizamos dois grupos focais com alguns de seus membros. De acordo com essas análises, constamos que vida independente é entendida como práxis, ou seja, não há filosofia sem a prática de vida independente e vice-versa. Constatamos, também, que os principais repertórios utilizados para dar sentido a essa noção são: independência, autonomia, empoderamento, autodeterminação, participação e igualdade de oportunidades. A análise dos documentos e dos grupos focais nos permitiu concluir que todos esses repertórios contribuem para colocar em prática uma nova forma de compreender a deficiência. Por meio desses repertórios, temos indicativos de que os militantes do Movimento de Vida Independente buscam ser reconhecidos como atores sociais, participar ativamente da sociedade e assumir o controle de suas vidas. Eles acreditam que isso é possível somente por meio da conquista da autonomia pessoal e da vida independente. Ou seja, que isso é possível somente quando as pessoas com deficiência passam a ser protagonistas de suas vidas, passam a ser cidadãs plenas, desinstitucionalizadas, que se ajudam mutuamente e que confrontam o sistema social, sanitário e institucional que as colocam na condição de desviantes

Personal assistants ' descriptions of their own professional role are usually removed for the benefit of users ' description of the profession. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the assistants perceive their profession by providing assistants a possibility to talk about their experiences of the profession. Data has been collected by twelve interviews with active working personal assistants aged 22-57 years. Assistants interviewed have different experiences and working with people with various disabilities. The method used is a qualitative method with a narrative analysis method, where the twelve interviews have been merged into four fictional stories. The theoretical basis used is the role of theory in which personal assistant may act according to different roles. The result shows that the assistants in our study enjoy their profession more than previous studies have shown. However, experience also assistants in this study to the status of the profession and salary is low. / Personliga assistenters beskrivningar av sin egen yrkesroll glöms oftast bort till fördel för brukarnas beskrivning av yrket. Syftet med denna studie är därför att vi vill undersöka hur assistenterna uppfattar sitt yrke, genom att ge assistenter möjligheten att berätta om sina erfarenheter om yrket. Data har samlats in genom tolv intervjuer med aktivt arbetande personliga assistenter i åldrarna 22-57 år. Assistenterna som har intervjuats har olika erfarenheter och arbetar med människor med olika funktionshinder. Metoden som använts är en kvalitativ metod med en narrativ analysmetod, där de tolv intervjuerna har satts samman till fyra fiktiva berättelser. Den teoretiska utgångspunkt som använts är rollteori, då man som personlig assistent får agera utifrån olika roller. Resultatet visar att assistenterna i denna studie trivs bättre med sitt yrke än vad tidigare studier visat. Dock upplever även assistenterna i denna studie att statusen på yrket samt lönen är låg.

Darbo tema – Tėvų ir specialistų bendradarbiavimas ruošiant sutrikusio intelekto vaikus savarankiškam gyvenimui. Sutrikusio intelekto žmonės iki šiol mūsų visuomenėje yra laikomi silpnais ir nesavarankiškais, nesugebančiais spręsti gyvenimiškų problemų. Dažnai jie yra tapatinami su niekad nesuaugančiais vaikais. Pagrindinis sutrikusio intelekto vaikų ugdymo tikslas – parengti auklėtinius gyventi kaip galima savarankiškiau , todėl juos lavinant turi būti daug gyvenimiškų situacijų pratybų, mokymosi kartoti veiklą pagal jos nuoseklumą. Didelę įtaką ruošiant šiuos vaikus savarankiškam gyvenimui turi ugdymo kryptingumas. Sutrikusio intelekto vaikų rengimas savarankiškam gyvenimui yra sudėtingas ir įvairiapusis procesas, kuriam realizuoti reikia naujų pedagoginių būdų, metodų. Ypač aktualu kalbėti apie vaikų, turinčių negalią, savarankiškumo ugdymo ir realizavimo problemas ir galimybes tapo vykstant integracijai ir pradėjus rūpintis šių žmonių gyvenimo sąlygų bei kokybės gerinimu. Tyrimo objektas – tėvų ir specialistų bendradarbiavimas, ruošiant sutrikusio intelekto vaikus savarankiškam gyvenimui. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti tėvų ir specialistų bendradarbiavimo problemas, ruošiant sutrikusio intelekto vaikus savarankiškam gyvenimui. Tyrimo uždaviniai : Apibūdinti sutrikusio intelekto vaikų savarankiškumo bruožus. Atskleisti sutrikusį intelektą turinčių vaikų savarankiškumo formavimo ypatumus. Nustatyti tėvų ir specialistų bendradarbiavimo būdus ir problemas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The topic of the thesis – the partnership of parents and specialists while training children with mental disorders to live independently. Nowadays in our society people with mental disorders are considered to be weak and non self-sufficient, being not able to solve life difficulties. They are often compared with children who never grow up. The major purpose of children with intellectual disabilities training is to prepare them to live as more independently as possible; therefore, there should be much practice of real-life situations and learning to repeat an activity under its sequence while training pupils. The purposefulness of education has a great impact on these children’s preparation for an autonomous life. The training of children with mental disorders to live on their own is a complicated and diverse process which needs new educational techniques and methods to get it realized. It became particularly relevant to talk about problems and possibilities of self-sufficiency training and implementation of children with intellectual disabilities during the process of integration and starting paying attention on the improvement of life conditions and quality. The subject-matter is the collaboration of parents and specialists while preparing children with mental disorders to live independently. The research goal is to reveal the problems of the partnership of parents and specialists while preparing intellectually disorded pupils to live on their own. The tasks of the... [to full text]

This study was performed as the result of gaps in the literature in the area of transition to independent living (IL) using secondary data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS-2). Its findings identify individual, skills, family, and school factors that predict postsecondary living status and moderators of the relationships between predictors and the outcome. Specifically, results indicated the following factors as predicting postsecondary living status: individual factors (ethnicity and disability label), skills (self-care, functional mental, personal autonomy, self-realization, and social), family factors (parental expectations and parental involvement in school), and school factors (student’s role in transition planning and having IL as the primary IEP goal). The following factors also emerged as moderators: ethnicity, disability label, mental skills, social skills, personal autonomy, and having IL as the primary goal. Performing analyses on secondary data, although providing the advantage of large numbers of participants, also result in limitations that were considered when making recommendations. Future research should investigate the accuracy of findings regarding skills predictors, and probe for better understanding of decision making during transition planning and participants’ experiences. Policy should include transition planning specifically for IL and postsecondary follow-up for this outcome, while practice should focus on incorporating planning for IL during transition planning, addressing cultural diversity in transition, and helping parents develop high and realistic expectations for their children.

Em virtude dos danos cognitivos, sensório motores e psicossociais causados pelo transtorno mental no funcionamento ocupacional, a qualidade de vida dos sujeitos é deteriorada e o isolamento e a inatividade se impõem, acentuando a exclusão. OBJETIVO: Identificar o nível de desempenho em atividades de vida independente de portadores de transtornos mentais e correlacionar variáveis. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal descritivo em dois serviços de saúde mental matogrossenses. Amostra constituída por 146 sujeitos (73 portadores de transtorno mental/ 73 informantes destes). Foi feita a Revisão Integrativa da Literatura sobre atividades de vida independente em portadores de transtorno mental, posteriormente aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e o Inventário de Habilidades de Vida Independente (ILSS-BR) para identificar áreas da vida independente potencialmente prejudicadas. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: Análise e correlações pelo STATA. Escores obtidos equiparados de acordo com a pontuação do ILSS, no escore global e subescalas.RESULTADOS: Maioria mulheres (71,2%), casados (63%), 35 a44 anos (46%), baixo nível escolar (48% concluíram quarta série), baixo poder de compra (68,6% com renda máxima R$ 1.024,00). Os domínios da vida independente mais comprometidos são Emprego, Lazer e Transporte, que sofreram influência de diagnóstico, tempo de transtorno mental, escolaridade e nível econômico. DISCUSSÃO: Os escores da versão para o informante ficaram em 1,3 (de 0 a 4) e do paciente, em 10,2% (de 0 A 100%), indicando graves limitações em atividades de vida independente e discrepâncias entre a percepção dos dois grupos. Foram correlacionados prejuízo nas atividades de vida independente e baixa escolaridade, baixo nível econômico, desqualificação profissional, maior tendência a abandonar estudos e cursos profissionalizantes. Os homens são mais vulneráveis ao comprometimento e sofrem maior impacto na área laboral. CONCLUSÕES: Os domínios comprometidos são relacionadas à contratualidade e socialização pelas atividades, merecendo intervenções de enfermagem diretas e singulares, macrossociais e empreendidas no habitat / Because of the cognitive, sensory motor and psychosocial damage caused by mental disorders in occupational functioning, quality of life is deteriorating, isolation and inactivity are result, accentuating the deletion. OBJECTIVE: To identify the level of performance in life activities regardless of the mental patients and correlate variables.METHODS: A descriptive cross- sectional study in two Mato Grosso mental health services. Sample of 146 subjects (73 patients with mental disorders / 73 informants of them). Integrative Literature Review was done about independent living activities in patients with mental disorders, afterward to a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Inventory of Independent Living Skills (ILSS-BR) was intended to identify areas of potentially impaired independent living. ANALYSIS: Analysis and correlations by STATA. Similar scores obtained by the score of ILSS, the overall score and subscales. RESULTS: Most women (71.2%), married (63), 44 35 years old (46%), low educational level (48% completed fourth grade), low purchasing power (68.6% with R$1.024,00 maximum income). The more committed areas of independent living are Employment, Leisure and Transport, who have been influenced by diagnosis, duration of mental disorder, education and income. DISCUSSION: The scores for the informant version were 1.3% and patient, at 10.2%, indicating severe limitations in independent living activities and discrepancies between the perceptions of the two groups. Injury were correlated in independent living and low education, low income, greater tendency to abandon studies and vocational courses activities. Men are more vulnerable and suffer greater impact in employment area. CONCLUSIONS: The affected modules are related by contractuality and socialization activities, requiring direct and individuallynursing interventions in macrosocial- habitat

The Child Welfare system is widely known as the macro system responsible for ensuring the safety of children within particular parameters, which, in some cases, results in the removal of these individuals from their family of origin. Research has explored the short- and long-term effects of this disruption in hopes of improving the ability of services to effectively prevent negative effects. Despite improvements on a macro and micro level, foster youth continue to be unprepared for the transition out of the foster care system, resulting in negative outcomes. According to research, the newly developed theory of emerging adulthood may have implications in terms of the component that is key to the success of this population in the future. The purpose of the current study was to explore the importance of social support for newly emancipated foster youth. This study utilized a qualitative study design and sought data in the form of self-reports which were captured through an interview that consisted of 14 questions. Participants included 8 administrators working in the counties of San Bernardino and Riverside who possessed at least two years experience working directly with emancipated foster youth or with an agency which provided services to this population. The data collected was conceptualized as a model that highlighted the application of the theory of emerging adulthood as important in terms of service implementation; however, implementation would require the reconsideration of policy and improvement the utilization of services by foster youth in order to increase permanent placement. The results of this study implies that future research should determine the benefits of beginning independent living services at a younger age, linking these individuals with informal support systems, transitioning these individuals to a social worker with the knowledge and ability to apply the theory of emerging adulthood, regarding these individuals as active participants in the services provided, and providing foster parents with psychoeducation.

Over 425,000 youth currently reside in the U.S. foster care system. Youth enter the foster care system for the many reasons, including but not limited to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, neglect, incarceration of a parent, abandonment, and death of a family member. Once in the foster care system, many youth remain until they reach adulthood. The purpose of this study is to examine the perspectives of current and former foster youth who remained in foster care into their adulthood and who participated in the Independent Living Program (ILP), a program designed to help foster youth transition to adulthood and independence. The study used in-depth, qualitative interviews to examine former foster youths’ perceptions of the role ILP played in their transitions to adulthood. This study examines the difficult transitions to independence many foster youth experience and the corresponding skills and behaviors ILP addresses. Several themes emerged from the data. Current and former foster youth with negative outcomes reported that staff assigned to them did not support them in correlation to ILP service deliverance and the transition into adulthood. The second major theme found was inconsistent participation in ILP. The third major theme was communication with clients so that they can be informed of upcoming events, workshops, and resources. The fourth major theme was participants’ suggestions on improvements for ILP. The findings from this study have implications for ILP programs and for social work practice. These implications and recommendations are discussed.

Previous research has indicated that approximately 25% of the 30,000 youths emancipated from foster care each year experience negative outcomes including poor education attainment, limited employment opportunities, homelessness, lack of access to healthcare, and poor social networks. Despite the existence of federal legislation that requires foster care agencies to assist foster youths to make the transition to independent living, research has revealed that the current transitional planning process is not effective. There is a gap in the current literature regarding qualitative research on youths' shared experiences of the transitional planning process as they transit out of foster care. This study examined youths' experiences with the transitional planning process and the degree to which the plan mitigated homelessness after emancipation. The study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants were 10 youths age 18 to 21 who emancipated from the Department of Human Services, Children and Youth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, foster care system within the past 3 years. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants and semistructured interviews were used collect the data. Social capital theory was used to guide the study. Data were inductively analyzed with management assistance from NVivo software. Results indicated that participants experienced challenges during transition in housing, education attainment, employment, physical or mental health, and finding mentors and continuing support. Participants offered suggestions for improving the transition planning process. Findings from this study can be used to enhance social change initiatives by providing insight into what youths need to better prepare them for independent living.

Aging is a global phenomenon. Ways to sustain older adults' aging-in-place in the 'community at-large' (defined as traditional communities where most people live) have been overlooked. Consciously engaging in physical activity helps older adults to remain healthy and gives them the ability to access daily-life services, and thus extend their independent years at home. Nearby outdoor environments on residential sites and in the neighborhoods may influence older adults' independent living through physical activity. This study surveyed 206 older adults in 11 assisted-living facilities in Texas regarding their past physical activities when they lived in their own homes and perceptions of the residential site and neighborhood environments. Older adults are shown to have long-term recall ability and capable of reliably estimating their physical activities that occurred up to ten years ago. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to verify the survey responses and further examine the objective measurements of environments on a subset of 117 participants' residences. Bivariate tests, factor analysis, and multivariate logistic regression modeling were conducted to identify environmental variables correlated to yard activities, neighborhood walking, and years of independent living at home. After controlling for personal and social factors in multivariate logistic modeling, three site features (transitional-areas, connecting-paths, and levels of pleasant indoor sunshine) have been found to influence yard activities; two site features (yard landscaping and corner lot location) and three neighborhood features (walking destinations, safety from crime, and sidewalks) have been found to influence neighborhood walking; one site features (transitional-areas) has been found to influence older adults' years of independent living in the community. Based on the results, guidelines were developed for designing friendly environments for older adults' active and independent living. Nearby outdoor environments on residential sites and in the neighborhoods appear to be important for older adults. The roles of residential site environments in shaping older adults' behavior and independence need more attention. To better understand environmental influences on older adults and promote aging-in-place, more empirical studies and longitudinal research are needed.