Movement can be described as something that happens in kindergarten almost every day. Movements were either planned in gatherings or in spontaneous moments in the preschool. The curriculum for the preschool (National Agency for Education, 2010) says that as a preschool teacher, you should be responsible for encourage the child's motor development, the child will then be able to maintain the support it needs during this process. The purpose of this study was to find out how the movements looked at various preschools of 1-3 years old children, the focus ended up on the indoor movements. In this study interviews were used with preschool teachers, who were asked to answer various questions about the youngest child's mobility needs. The results of the study showed that movements in various forms was important for preschool teachers, because they were aware of the interaction between the children and that the surfaces in the preschool gave opportunities to the youngest children to meet the challenge in movements that they needed. The obstacles were on the preschool teachers themselves who had to stop the all too lively movements indoors.

Este trabalho inicia-se com a apresentação do autor, sua importância literária e seu contexto histórico. O capítulo seguinte destina-se observar a estrutura espacial interna da casa ficcional considerada tipicamente chilena, isto é, elenca as partes constitutivas deste ambiente doméstico, não somente descritas, mas também entranhadas no enredo do romance. No primeiro sub-capítulo, há uma breve análise do título que apresenta as bases teóricas do trabalho e os sub-capítulos seguintes, irão se detendo, em um ambiente da casa, cada um, com o objetivo de analisar questões políticas, históricas e sociais. Finalmente, observaremos os espaços externos à casa, trabalhados de forma descritiva ou através da narração. Os subcapítulos serão dedicados às cenas em que é possível localizar, de modo total ou parcial, panoramas da cidade, como por exemplo, a disputa de pipas ou as descrições do narrador da Alameda principal; os bairros e as ruas já existentes, suas características, construções e costumes. / To begin with, the first chapter of this dissertation aims to present the author, his social and historical context. In the second chapter, we intend to organize the spatial structure of the fictional house, considered typically Chilean, that is, we intend to list the constitutive parts of its domestic environment that is not only described, but pierced in the plot of the romance. In the first subchapter, there is a short analysis of the title that presents the theoretical basis of this work. Each following subchapter will focus in the environments of the house, in order to understand some of the main political, historical and social issues implied within it. Finally, we will observe the external spaces of the house, which are conceived in a descriptive or a narrative way. The subchapters will be dedicated to the scenes where there is a possibility of a partial or a substantial panorama of the city. The kites contest, the narrators description of some of the main avenues, the neighborhoods and streets that already existed in those days. Their old shapes, buildings and habits, will be on the spot.

<p>Many instances of sick leave can be linked to diseases caused by stress. An efficient way to counter the negative effects of stress is coping. However, trying to fit coping activities into an already busy schedule can be stressful in itself. Therefore it is interesting to study passive stress-reducing methods, for instance interaction with nature. This paper studied the effect of the presence of plants in a work-like environment on the stress level of 30 participants divided equally in a control group and a test group by measuring their heart rate. A factorial analysis of variance and a multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Despite the heart rate of the control group being on an average 5 beats per minute higher than the test group, the difference was found not to be statistically significant. An explanation for this could be the poor reliability of heart rate as a measure of stress.</p><p>Keywords: coping, heart rate, indoors, nature, plants, stress, work</p>

Many instances of sick leave can be linked to diseases caused by stress. An efficient way to counter the negative effects of stress is coping. However, trying to fit coping activities into an already busy schedule can be stressful in itself. Therefore it is interesting to study passive stress-reducing methods, for instance interaction with nature. This paper studied the effect of the presence of plants in a work-like environment on the stress level of 30 participants divided equally in a control group and a test group by measuring their heart rate. A factorial analysis of variance and a multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Despite the heart rate of the control group being on an average 5 beats per minute higher than the test group, the difference was found not to be statistically significant. An explanation for this could be the poor reliability of heart rate as a measure of stress. Keywords: coping, heart rate, indoors, nature, plants, stress, work

Este trabalho inicia-se com a apresentação do autor, sua importância literária e seu contexto histórico. O capítulo seguinte destina-se observar a estrutura espacial interna da casa ficcional considerada tipicamente chilena, isto é, elenca as partes constitutivas deste ambiente doméstico, não somente descritas, mas também entranhadas no enredo do romance. No primeiro sub-capítulo, há uma breve análise do título que apresenta as bases teóricas do trabalho e os sub-capítulos seguintes, irão se detendo, em um ambiente da casa, cada um, com o objetivo de analisar questões políticas, históricas e sociais. Finalmente, observaremos os espaços externos à casa, trabalhados de forma descritiva ou através da narração. Os subcapítulos serão dedicados às cenas em que é possível localizar, de modo total ou parcial, panoramas da cidade, como por exemplo, a disputa de pipas ou as descrições do narrador da Alameda principal; os bairros e as ruas já existentes, suas características, construções e costumes. / To begin with, the first chapter of this dissertation aims to present the author, his social and historical context. In the second chapter, we intend to organize the spatial structure of the fictional house, considered typically Chilean, that is, we intend to list the constitutive parts of its domestic environment that is not only described, but pierced in the plot of the romance. In the first subchapter, there is a short analysis of the title that presents the theoretical basis of this work. Each following subchapter will focus in the environments of the house, in order to understand some of the main political, historical and social issues implied within it. Finally, we will observe the external spaces of the house, which are conceived in a descriptive or a narrative way. The subchapters will be dedicated to the scenes where there is a possibility of a partial or a substantial panorama of the city. The kites contest, the narrators description of some of the main avenues, the neighborhoods and streets that already existed in those days. Their old shapes, buildings and habits, will be on the spot.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Barros David.pdf: 1048584 bytes, checksum: 9d810744d1eac768092faea2c0b19eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-11 / as. Initially, was applied a questionnaire motivational sports (GAYA; CARDOSO, 1998) to 189 indoor soccer in non-competitive teams (n=108) and competitive teams (n=81), verifying the predominant factor motivating sport competence, followed by health factor and friendship / leisure. Based on the results of this questionnaire, the indoor soccer were classified into 4 groups according to participation in non-competitive or competitive teams and motivational factors: sport competence or friendship/leisure/health. The analysis of technical and tactical performance was conducted in three phases: beginning, middle and end of the season, with the application of GPAI Game Performance Assessment Instrument (OSLIN; MITCHEL; GRIFFIN, 1998) to 43 indoor soccer in the following groups: 11 soccer indoor in the non-competitive group with motivational tendency friendship/leisure/health (G1-ALS), 11 in the non-competitive group with tendency motivational sport competence (G1-CE), 10 in the competitive group with tendency motivational friendship/leisure/health (G2-ALS) and 10 in the competitive group with tendency motivational sport competence (G2-CE). Significant differences from the beginning to the end of the season in 3 groups: G2-ALS, G2-CE e G1-ALS, and at the end of the season, the group G2-CE was significantly different from the others groups. There was an association between motivation for sports and performance tactical-technical achieved over a season, with soccer players of motivational tendency sport competence with a higher gain learning in tactical-technical performance in competitive teams, and soccer players of motivational tendency friendship/leisure/health with a higher gain learning in tactical-technical performance in non-competitive teams. / A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre motivação esportiva e desempenho técnico-tático de praticantes de futsal com idade de 10 a 13 anos nos clubes da cidade de Pelotas. Inicialmente, foi aplicado um questionário de motivação esportiva (GAYA; CARDOSO, 1998) a 189 praticantes de futsal de escolinhas (n=108) e equipes competitivas (n=81), verificando-se a predominância do fator motivacional competência esportiva, seguido dos fatores saúde e amizade/lazer. Com base nos resultados deste questionário, os praticantes de futsal foram classificados em 4 grupos de acordo com a participação em escolinhas ou equipes competitivas e conforme a tendência motivacional: competência esportiva ou amizade/lazer/saúde. A análise do desempenho técnico-tático foi realizada em três fases distintas: início, meio e final da temporada, com a aplicação do GPAI Game Performance Assessment Instrument (OSLIN; MITCHEL; GRIFFIN, 1998) a 43 praticantes de futsal nos seguintes grupos: 11 praticantes no grupo de escolinhas com tendência motivacional amizade/lazer/saúde (G1-ALS), 11 no grupo de escolinhas, com tendência motivacional competência esportiva (G1-CE), 10 no grupo competitivo com tendência motivacional amizade/lazer/saúde (G2-ALS) e 11 no grupo competitivo com tendência motivacional competência esportiva (G2-CE). Houve diferença significativa do início para o final da temporada em 3 grupos: G2ALS, G2-CE e G1-ALS, sendo que no final da temporada o grupo G2-CE foi significativamente diferente dos demais grupos. Houve associação entre motivação para a prática esportiva e desempenho técnico-tático obtido ao longo de uma temporada. Os praticantes de tendência motivacional competência esportiva obtiveram maior desempenho técnico-tático nas equipes competitivas, e os praticantes de tendência motivacional amizade/lazer/saúde obtiveram maior desempenho técnico-tático nas escolinhas.

I förskolan ska möjligheter till fysisk aktivitet finnas då det främjar barns hälsa och är en viktig del i barns utveckling. Sådana möjligheter förknippas ofta med utomhusvistelse men under delar av året är möjligheterna till att vistas utomhus begränsade på grund av väderförhållanden, vilket kan leda till att barnen under den perioden får sämre möjligheter att utveckla sina fysiska färdigheter. Syftet med denna kvantitativa studie är därför att bidra med kunskap om hur olika faktorer påverkar pedagogers arbete med fysisk aktivitet inomhus i förskolan. Datainsamling har skett genom ett webbaserat frågeformulär som skickats till samtliga kommunala förskolor i en kommun i södra Sverige. Surveyundersökningen berör områden såsom pedagogernas inställning till fysisk aktivitet, yrkesroll samt eventuella upplevda begränsningar i arbetet med fysisk aktivitet inomhus. Studiens resultat har analyserats med hjälp av läroplansteorin och tidigare forskning inom området. Resultatet visar att pedagoger har en positiv inställning till fysisk aktivitet inomhus i förskolan men att barnen har begränsade möjligheter till att springa och klättra inomhus i den fria leken. Yttre faktorer har ingen större påverkan på pedagogernas möjligheter att genomföra planerad fysisk aktivitet med barngruppen, men inomhusmiljön kan verka som en begränsning för barns fysiska aktivitet. Resultatet visar också att majoriteten av respondenterna anser sig ha fått de kunskaper de behöver för att arbeta med barns fysiska aktivitet i förskolan men att tillgången till kompetensutveckling är begränsad.

Bakgrund: Träning i naturliga miljöer har hälsofrämjande effekter och ökar välbefinnandet i jämförelse med träning som sker i inomhusmiljöer. Individer som utför träning i utomhusmiljöer visar sig ha högre hastighet, hjärtfrekvens och blodlaktatkoncentration, i jämförelse med individer som tränar inomhus vilket påverkar den fysiska prestationen.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka mätbara skillnader i fysisk prestation inomhus och utomhus genom ett maxpulstest.Metod: Studien genomfördes med en randomiserad kontrollerad cross- over design där åtta män och fem kvinnor (medelålder 26 ± 3.67), fysiskt aktiva, genomförde ett beeptest vid två tillfällen. Testet utfördes av samma person vid ett tillfälle inomhus och ett tillfälle utomhus. Analysen utgick från uppskattat VO2 max genom protokoll av beeptest, objektiv mätning och kontroll av puls direkt före tester och direkt efter genomförda tester.Resultat: Resultaten visade en signifikant skillnad i VO2 max (O2ml/kg/min) (p= 0.047), genom en högre fysisk prestation inomhus i jämförelse med utomhus (46.08 ± 8.76 och 44.73 ± 8.84). Puls (slag/min) efter genomförda tester visade ett högre medelvärde inomhus i jämförelse med utomhus (192.36 ± 10.13 och 190.45 ± 9.11), men ingen signifikant skillnad (p=0.11). Puls före tester visade ingen signifikant skillnad (p=0.898) mellan inomhusmiljön och utomhusmiljön (107.16 ± 18.78 och 107. 75 ± 18.49).Slutsats: Resultaten indikerar på att det är skillnader i fysisk prestation i olika miljöer. VO2 max var signifikant högre i inomhusmiljön i jämförelse med utomhusmiljön. Medel-maxpulsen tenderade ha ett högre medelvärde inomhus i jämförelse med utomhus. / Background: Exercise performed in natural environments produces health-promoting effects and increases well-being, in comparison with exercises performed in indoors-environments. Individuals who exercise outdoors has higher velocity, heartrate and blood lactate concentration compared to individuals who exercise indoors, which affects the physical performance.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate measurable differences in physical performance indoors and outdoors through a maximum heartrate test.Method: The study was conducted with a randomized controlled cross over design where five women and eight men, physical active, in the middle age of 26 ± 3.67 years, performed a shuttle run test at two times. The test was repeated by the same individual one time indoors and one time outdoors. The analysis was made by estimated VO2 max using a protocol from the performed shuttle run test, and controlled objective measurements of pulse levels, directly before the test started and directly after finished test.Results: Significant differences were found between indoors and outdoors, where VO2 max (O2ml/lbs/min) (p= 0.047) was higher indoors than outdoors (46.08 ± 8.76 and 44.73 ± 8.84). Pulse levels (beats/min) was higher indoors than outdoors (192.36 ± 10.13 and 190.45 ± 9.11) after finished test, but significant differences were not found (p=0.11). Significant differences were not found in pulse levels before the test (p=0.898), between the different environments (107.16 ± 18.78 and 107. 75 ± 18.49).Conclusion: The results in this study show that there are differences in physical performance between different environments. VO2 max was significantly higher in the indoor environment compared to the outdoor environment. The average maximum pulse tended to have a higher average indoors compared to outdoors.

The intention of this study is to investigate the main source of unacceptable humidity levels at the U.S. Coast Guard Housing located in Bayamon, Puerto Rico. The aim of this research is to use a systematic approach to resolve the humidity and mold issues by testing the least expensive solutions first. This study involves the recording of indoor air quality conditions for six months as an analysis tool to investigate current air conditions and to document how physical changes to the air conditioning units will affect the resulting air conditions. This research will investigate and implement different approaches geared to solving the high humidity issues. Some of the most relevant changes that will be tested are the installation of heat pipe technology, the addition of fresh air to existing air conditioning units to create positive pressure, and the review of the space load design of currently installed air conditioning units to determine if the units were over-designed. In addition, this study will verify the relationship between energy-saving thermostats and high humidity, determine any connection between roof leaks and high humidity indoors, and determine the estimated cost to the Coast Guard to implement the recommended changes.

The study is devoted to problems of exposure caused by radionuclides in construction materials. Results received by gamma measurements and calculations (dose modeling) are used. Construction materials produced and/or used in Lithuania were investigated. The results of measurements (concentrations of natural radionuclides and activity indexes) are given for different types of construction materials. On the basis of these results and peculiarities of use of construction materials they have been classified according to their radiological significance. It helps to determine possible amounts of construction materials to be investigated and priorities of investigations. Relationship between activity indexes of different construction materials and dose rates in premises constructed of these construction materials has been determined. It might be used for increase of precision of personal dosimetric measurements performed in premises constructed of different materials. Possible relationship between absorbed dose rate indoors and concentration of indoor radon is discussed. Results of measurements of concentrations of natural radionuclides in archeological samples of construction materials are also presented and discussed. Dose modeling has been performed with the help of ALARA planning tool Visiplan 3D. Distributions of absorbed dose rate in standard living premises have been determined, relationship between dose rate and different parameters of constructions, such as thickness... [to full text]