Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nisiane Madalozzo.pdf: 17200821 bytes, checksum: 47a9691c9565aab4ab9bc2385f7f36f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / Ponta Grossa is a Brazilian city that has historically had its development related to privileged geographic location. The railroad has been one of the historical events which contributed significantly for its urbanization. The railroad patio, unveiled in the transition from ninth to twentieth century, has defined the pattern of urban development, being influential to the perception of the local community as well, especially related to the cosmopolite idea of progress the city has been subjected to since then. However, with the further creation of a second railroad patio out of the central area and subsequent removal of rails, the old „railroad center‟ has lost its characteristics, with new built equipment and consequent different significations related. The main goal of this research is analyzing the current composition of the area first known as Ponta Grossa railroad center, from the signification of its built elements for the native society. The hypothesis put is that not all members of the community that live in the city are able to recognize and attribute importance to the railroad heritage of Ponta Grossa by experiencing the former patio. The document is divided in four chapters. In the first one, theoretical consideration is exposed. Especially the concepts of local and topofilia are studied, for being appropriate to the object studied. Then, both spatial and historical contextualizing are offered. Methodologically, there has been fragmentation of the studied object into ten different built elements, which are presented on the third chapter. Such decision has been important as to make data treatment viable, it being realized threw surveys and interviews with open answers. Representatives of different social groups have been included. In the forth chapter, the interviewing methods are presented, as are the results. As a conclusion, the methodology applied has proven adequate, allowing to comprehend the thoughts of people with different social profiles about the former railroad patio. The valuating of railroad historic elements has shown relative to specific social profiles, as expected; there has been, however, more recognizing of the importance of historical heritage than previously expected. It was also possible to identify that, through massive participation of the community on open-answer types of survey, a substantial array of conclusions is possible – that being thus considered as methodological contribution for the academy. / Ponta Grossa é um município paranaense que, historicamente, teve seu desenvolvimento relacionado à localização geográfica privilegiada. A ferrovia foi um dos acontecimentos históricos que contribuiu significativamente para sua urbanização. O pátio ferroviário inaugurado na transição do século XIX para o século XIX definiu as formas de ocupação da cidade e influenciou consideravelmente na mudança da percepção da comunidade local, no que toca à cosmopolitização pontagrossense, e na ideia de progresso a que esse centro urbano estava agora vinculado. Contudo, com o passar dos anos e a criação de um desvio ferroviário, com consequente retirada dos trilhos da área central da cidade, o antigo centro ferroviário tem se descaracterizado, ganhando novos elementos construídos e, consequente, mais significações. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a composição atual do antigo centro ferroviário de Ponta Grossa, a partir dos significados de seus elementos construídos para a sociedade pontagrossense. Coloca-se a hipótese de que nem todos os membros da comunidade reconhecem e atribuem importância ao histórico ferroviário do município ao vivenciar a paisagem do velho centro ferroviário. O trabalho divide-se em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, é realizada uma reflexão teórica a respeito dos conceitos e temas trabalhados para tratar do objeto de estudo. Discute-se, em especial, a ideia de lugar e o conceito de topofilia, considerados apropriados para tratar do centro ferroviário e da percepção. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma contextualização histórica e espacial do objeto. Metodologicamente, optou-se por fragmentar o centro ferroviário em dez elementos construídos, apresentados no terceiro capítulo. Essa decisão foi importante no sentido de viabilizar a coleta de dados, realizada por meio de questionários com respostas abertas e de entrevistas guiadas, com representantes de diferentes segmentos da população pontagrossense. No quarto capítulo, a metodologia utilizada para realizar as entrevistas é apresentada e, finalmente, os resultados são explorados. Conclui-se que a metodologia empregada foi adequada, permitindo à pesquisadora compreender o pensamento de pessoas com diferentes indicadores sociais a respeito do lugar de estudo. A valorização do histórico ferroviário da cidade mostrou-se relativa conforme o perfil do indivíduo, de acordo com o previsto; porém, houve mais reconhecimento da importância do patrimônio histórico que o esperado inicialmente. Também foi possível identificar, através da participação populacional com entrevistas com caráter aberto, a abundância de conclusões possíveis de obter através dessa forma de consulta à população, considerando-se, portanto, uma contribuição metodológica do trabalho.

Estuda a emergência, características - implantação e arquitetura - e transformações do espaço organizado pela agroindústria do açúcar e do álcool para seus trabalhadores, através de levantamentos de campo em três regiões tradicionais de produção no Brasil: zona da mata de Pernambuco, norte fluminense e interior de São Paulo. Estuda e compara outros assentamentos constituídos em regiões produtoras de açúcar em Cuba e Estados Unidos. Realiza estudos comparativos em diferentes núcleos fabris com o intuito de verificar padrões e características específicas nos assentamentos açucareiros. Busca desvendar a ação do poder privado, no caso as usinas de açúcar, na construção do território. Paralelamente, analisa as origens dessa ação, a difusão da prática e o processo de desmonte e abandono que vem ocorrendo. Aborda, ainda, como conseqüência destas transformações, questões vinculadas ao patrimônio industrial. / This dissertation investigates the origins, development, and spatial organization - plan, architecture and collective spaces - of several sugar mills located in three traditional sugar regions in Brazil: Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo. The study also investigates other sugar settlements located in Cuba and United States. The comparative study in different sugar mills, attempts to discover common models and, on the other hand, distinguishing characteristics specific to each mill. The dissertation interrogates the influence of the sugar industry\'s action on the construction and planning of the territories in which the mills are located. To that end, the study analyzes the origins and development of those actions. Finally, the dissertation considers the more recent history of sugar mills reduction and elimination of residential provision and discusses questions specific to these aspects of industrial heritage.

O espaço habitacional sofreu profundas alterações com a industrialização brasileira na segunda metade do século XIX e início do século XX. Preocupações com questões sanitárias, aliadas à adoção de novas tecnologias e à disseminação de novos conceitos como conforto e funcionalidade, levaram à transformação de antigos padrões urbanísticos e arquitetônicos então vigentes. Como consequência, novos modelos de habitação e de tipologias urbanas se desenvolveram. Nesse contexto, foram construídos conjuntos de moradias para trabalhadores de empreendimentos ferroviários que atuaram como um dos principais agentes de popularização de novos modelos habitacionais no estado de São Paulo. É neste panorama de desenvolvimento de novos modos de se pensar a cidade e a habitação que se situa o presente estudo de vilas ferroviárias. Este trabalho elege como recorte específico a implantação de vilas ferroviárias na Campinas industrial do final do século XIX à primeira metade do século XX, identificando o momento em que empresas e particulares investiram nesse tipo de equipamento. Como objetos de estudo serão analisadas a Vila da Venda Grande (1883), as Vilas Manoel Dias e Manoel Freire (1908-1930), a Vila da Ponte Preta (1919) e a Vila Rizza (primeiro quartel do século XX), considerando sua história e conformação espacial, além de inserção no tecido urbano. Espera-se contribuir para a história da habitação, do trabalho ferroviário e da cidade de Campinas. / Social habitations has faced profound changes with industrialization during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The dissemination of new concepts such as comfort and functionality, as well as standards of morality, coupled with the adoption of new technologies and concerns about health issues, led to the transformation of old patterns urban and architectural. Consequently, new types and models of habitations were developed and built for workers of industrial clusters and rail housing. In this overview of the development of new ways of thinking about the city and housing which lies this proposed study workers\' villages. This dissertation chooses as speci¬c clipping deploying workers in Campinas industrial towns of the late nineteenth century until the ¬rst half of the twentieth century, identifying the time when companies and individuals have invested in this type of equipment. The object of study consists in analyze the workers\' house Manoel Dias, Manuel Freire, Venda Grande and Ponte Preta, considering the history and spatial conformation in terms of urban integration at the time of construction. This research intends to contribute for the social habitation knowledge of the history in Brazil, through the action\'s analysis in Campinas.

As pequenas centrais hidrelétricas construídas na primeira metade do século XX, no município de Espírito Santo do Pinhal, são exemplos representativos do período inicial da eletrificação no Estado de São Paulo. Constituem-se de três usinas de pequeno e médio porte instaladas nas margens do Rio Mogi-Guaçu com grande potencial de patrimonialização em virtude dos valores histórico, arquitetônico, paisagístico, tecnológico de uma tipologia industrial pouco reconhecida no âmbito cultural. A pesquisa tem como objetivo propor um delineamento dos limites paisagísticos desse conjunto hidrelétrico, considerando os resultados de parâmetros ecológicos da paisagem como área, número de fragmentos de habitat, índice de fragmentação maior, distância do vizinho mais próximo, forma e área núcleo, analisados a partir do mapeamento de uso e cobertura da terra na escala 1:5.000. Também foram considerados aspectos de visibilidade da paisagem, calculados a partir de pontos determinados na barragem e na casa de máquinas das usinas, para verificar o alcance e direção do panorama a partir desses locais. A área de estudo foi delimitada com auxílio de cartas topográficas na escala 1:10.000 e ortofotos coloridas de 2010 considerando as características físicas e culturais da paisagem. Foram identificadas 17 classes de uso e cobertura da terra, recobrindo área total de 2.075,96 hectares. Apesar da predominância de classes de origem cultural, verificou-se que os remanescentes de vegetação nativa da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES) ocupam 45,47% do total da paisagem. O limite proposto para proteção da paisagem hidrelétrica abrange as PCHs Salto de Pinhal, Pinhal e Eloy Chaves; significativos remanescentes da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, diversos cursos d água e nascentes das subbacias do Rio Mogi-Guaçu, significativos fragmentos de vegetação nativa, totalizando 1.185,37 ha. / Small hydropower plants (SHP) built in the first half of the 20th century, in the municipality of Espírito Santo do Pinhal, are representative examples of the initial electrification process in São Paulo State. This complex of SHPs comprises three small and medium-scale plants installed on the margins of the Mogi-Guaçu River, with a high patrimonialization potential due to the historical, architectural, landscape and technological values of an industrial building type scarcely understood within the cultural scope. The research aims to propose a delineation of the limits of this hydroelectric set landscape, considering landscapes ecological parameters results, such as area, number of fragments of habitat, fragmentation index largest, average nearest neighbor, form index, and core area, analyzed from land use and cover maps at a scale of 1:5,000. Landscape visibility aspects, calculated from certain points located on the dam and the powerhouse, were also considered in order to verify the extent and direction of the panoramic view of these sites. The study area was delimited using 1:10,000 scale topographic maps and colored orthophotos of 2010, considering physical and cultural aspects of the landscape. Seventeen (17) classes of land use and cover have been identified, with a total area of 2,075.96 ha. Despite the predominance of cultural classes, it was found that the remaining native vegetation of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (SSF) covers 45.47% of the current landscape. The limits proposed for the hydropower landscape protection encompasses the Salto de Pinhal, Pinhal and Eloy Chaves Small Hydropower Plants, as well significant remaining native vegetation of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, several water bodies and sources of Mogi-Guaçu River sub-basin, and significant native vegetation fragments, totaling 1,185,37 ha.

The aim of this thesis is to develop conservation principles for the brick and tile industry in Eskisehir, one of the symbolic industrial cities in Turkey where brick and tile has been the significant production from the Early Republic Period. The conservation of these structures, complexes and mechanical elements is a controversial issue owing to their physical, economical, social and administrative values. The principles how to conserve and why is searched through discussions on conservation approaches, development plans and values. Focusing on this aim, this study is structured in six parts as the research on industrialization and industrial heritage, review and discussion of value types, survey on brick and tile industry, the value assessment process for the factories with the proposed value types and the implementation of conservation principles. In conclusion, the development of principles is an essential process in conservation of cultural heritage. This thesis proposes conservation principles over physical, social and administrative structure for industrial heritage for brick and tile factories in the Eskisehir Industrial Area.

The subject of the conservation and preservation of industrial heritage was started to be handled starting from the middle of 20th Century in Europe. As in Turkey, industrial heritage concept is a subject which is in agenda in last years. Awareness about the subject increased with the help of social movements starting especially with the demolition of Ankara Maltepe Gas and Electric Factory. The Brewery of Ataturk Forest Farm should also be handled not to share the same fate with this example which was witnessed recently. In the years when Ataturk Forest Farm was founded, it was realized that industry is important for the economic development. In this sense, First Five Year Industry Plan, which was prepared with the order of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk to accelerate industrialization, was taken into action in 1934 and many industrial complexes were founded according to this plan. The Brewery of Atat&uuml / rk Forest Farm is one of the reflections of First Five Year Industry Plan in Ankara. Today, the Brewery of Atat&uuml / rk Forest Farm is out of use, ill conditioned and faced with the danger of destruction. Therefore, the brewery of Atat&uuml / rk Forest Farm, which is one of the most significant examples of the industrial buildings of the Early Republican Period and located on a debated context like Atat&uuml / rk Forest Farm, should be conserved and handed down the next generations.

The rehabilitation of urban environments by giving old buildings new functions is an old practice, but policies meant for encouraging rehabilitation trace their American origins back to the 1960s with the growing criticism of urban renewal plans and the rise of historic preservation values. In the U.S., historic rehabilitation has proven to be a way of revitalizing cities which have faced deindustrialization, disinvestment and shrinking tax revenues. Built heritage is especially vulnerable in these places because of the willingness of city governors to attract investment and development at any costs. This willingness of local authorities to let developers run amock in their cities might prove to be a bad strategy in the long run, even though it can bring capital back into the city fairly quick. In a climate of toughening regional and global competition over tourism and the location of business headquarters, the images and cultures of cities have gained an increasing importance. Careful and well planned redevelopment of the built environment has an crucial role to play in the re-imaging of industrial cities. Not including the new jobs and other direct economic benefits of rehabilitation, historic structures carry a large part of a city’s character and identity, ingredients desperately sought after when cities need to get an edge and show why they are worth visiting or relocating to. This paper has argued that successful rehabilitation not only makes use of the historic built environment, but also that it has the potential of renegotiating and redefining the history of a city (or at least parts of it). In this way rehabilitation can prove to have great public benefits in making new spaces available for public access and civic intercourse. City governors should not just look at quick economic benefits. A city where the urban fabric has been destroyed through profit-oriented and shortsighted development runs the risk of having gone into a dead end. A more prosperous future for the population, not just the developers, might instead be found in democratically planned and financially scaled down solutions in which the built environment is systematically reused. American developers and cities have proven to be successful in making rehabilitation financially successful for the property owner. Considerably less interest have been shown for the public benefits of these projects, often making them into isolated enclaves lacking legitimacy among the public and causing conflicts within the neighborhood. Developers are repeatedly accused of gentrification, displacement and for ignoring the public need for affordable housing. Despite the unclear public benefits these projects are often heavily subsidized on federal, state as well as city level. After having dealt with the growing general importance of cultural policies for cities, U.S. policies on historic rehabilitation are discussed and two large redevelopment projects in Baltimore and Durham presented. After that a Swedish case of inner city redevelopment through rehabilitation is presented, showing a contrast in both national policy and local practice. Swedish redevelopment has not been subsidized in the same generous manner as in many states of the U.S., and it has been more integrated into urban planning. In the Swedish case the city governors were not interested in preserving the built environment, but due to disinvestment new construction did not occur. In the 1970s, there was a consensus between leading politicians and local developers that preservation values would not be allowed to stand in the way of development. Until the early 1980s there was also a lack of local public support for preserving industrial buildings, as in many deindustrialized cities where industry has come to symbolize unemployment and stigmatization. The unique environment of the Industrial Landscape was finally preserved not through the actions of local government, but of architectural historians and curators representing government authority. Development of the historic district needed close monitoring at a national level since the developer had a very strong influence on local politics. In Swedish preservation policies local authorities have the possibility to landmark and protect environments much in the same way as in many U.S. cities with preservation commissions. If an urban plan seems to interfer with preservation goals, however, national authorities have the possibility of intervening in a similar way to that of state preservation offices in the U.S. In the 1990s development within the Industrial Landscape went into a more mature and democratically influenced phase in which goals of public access and attractiveness became increasingly important. The lesson from Sweden shows that redevelopment through rehabilitation can be affordable and that it does not need a whole lot of public subsidy. It also shows that the historical and aesthetic values need to be stressed in order for the development project to win the public support that is needed in a democratically lead community. The political leadership in this city, paralyzed by economic crisis, was heavily influnced by the developer, who was a large property owner in the city. But through monitoring, academic research and participation in public debate by preservation professionals, the table was turned and the preservation of the Industrial Landscape gained more and more support from the city in the 1980s. Instead of giving subsidies to the developer, the government located a national museum of labor to the district at a time in which economic support was badly needed. This showed that successful rehabilitation was possible here and that it would have considerable public benefits. Finally, it is also argued that the historical experiences of the national preservation movements have influenced the way rehabilitation is carried out. In Sweden, historic preservation has largely been a task for national government, whereas in the U.S. it has to a large extent been organized through national and local non-profit organizations buying up properties and lobbying for preservation causes. In this way historic preservation has been more integrated in Swedish urban politics, whereas in the U.S. preservationists have been identified as just one interest among others.

Industrial remains can be found in many regions that experienced industrialization. However, they are, in general, at risk of loss through destruction and abandonment. Promoting tourism can be a helpful tool for regional restructuring and economic development. The creative economy is also emerging as a powerful tool for reinvigorating economic growth, employment and social cohesion of those areas, which may affect the development of touristic activities and industries. However, little research has been done to link creative economy theory and industrial heritage tourism. This paper elaborates on and clarifies the link between industrial heritage tourism and creative economy, and illustrates the impact of creativity and the driving role of the creative class in industrial heritage tourism through a case study. The study site, 798 art zone, is a newly emerged tourism destination in China which developed based on an abandoned soviet-style factory. Through analyzing the initiation status of tourism development in the factory, the interests of visitors, the influences of tourism, and the role of artists, the research reveals the dramatic change under the impact of tourism and more recently added development boom that has taken place at the 798 art zone. The findings identify the characteristics of 798 art zone in different periods and the contributions of the artist community to the art zone. Unlike most industrial heritage tourism sites, the development of 798 art zone was bottom up owing to the creativity of artists. With their creative eyes, artists identified the special features of the abandoned factory (high ceilings, historic design, open spaces, and abundant natural light), and used their creativity to add artistic feelings to this area. When the factory was facing the fate of being razed, they pulled together. With their efforts, the factory was preserved and 798 art zone was acknowledged by the government. The results are in accord with the creative economy theory that creativity is the driving force of economic development and improve the understanding of how creativity and tourism interact. The development pattern of 798 art zone might not apply precisely to any other places in the world, but it provides an effective alternative model for revitalization of old industrial sites as well as other tourism sites. Some management related suggestions and concerns about 798 art zone and tourists profile are proposed. Both practical implications and academic insights are presented based on the major findings of this study.

Industrial remains can be found in many regions that experienced industrialization. However, they are, in general, at risk of loss through destruction and abandonment. Promoting tourism can be a helpful tool for regional restructuring and economic development. The creative economy is also emerging as a powerful tool for reinvigorating economic growth, employment and social cohesion of those areas, which may affect the development of touristic activities and industries. However, little research has been done to link creative economy theory and industrial heritage tourism. This paper elaborates on and clarifies the link between industrial heritage tourism and creative economy, and illustrates the impact of creativity and the driving role of the creative class in industrial heritage tourism through a case study. The study site, 798 art zone, is a newly emerged tourism destination in China which developed based on an abandoned soviet-style factory. Through analyzing the initiation status of tourism development in the factory, the interests of visitors, the influences of tourism, and the role of artists, the research reveals the dramatic change under the impact of tourism and more recently added development boom that has taken place at the 798 art zone. The findings identify the characteristics of 798 art zone in different periods and the contributions of the artist community to the art zone. Unlike most industrial heritage tourism sites, the development of 798 art zone was bottom up owing to the creativity of artists. With their creative eyes, artists identified the special features of the abandoned factory (high ceilings, historic design, open spaces, and abundant natural light), and used their creativity to add artistic feelings to this area. When the factory was facing the fate of being razed, they pulled together. With their efforts, the factory was preserved and 798 art zone was acknowledged by the government. The results are in accord with the creative economy theory that creativity is the driving force of economic development and improve the understanding of how creativity and tourism interact. The development pattern of 798 art zone might not apply precisely to any other places in the world, but it provides an effective alternative model for revitalization of old industrial sites as well as other tourism sites. Some management related suggestions and concerns about 798 art zone and tourists profile are proposed. Both practical implications and academic insights are presented based on the major findings of this study.

Conservation of industrial heritage is a very popular issue in last years. But this conservation studies are not adequate so a lot of industrial complexes which effected architectural features of industrial buildings, style of producing, production and economic history and social life of citizens, are face to face with being demolished. These complexes should be preserved and inherited to the next generations. One of these complexes is Kayseri Sumerbank Bez Fabrikasi which was established in Early Republican Period in 1934 by Sumerbank in Kayseri. Turkish Government who made merit of development and progress in the first years of republic made a number of investments following variant policies. It was considered that economic independence, social development and modernization could be made by those investments. Industry was one of the major investments. It was aimed to make economy independent by industrialization. Locations for production and materials were decided through a certain plan. The first and the most important of the industrial investments was S&uuml / merbank Bez v Fabrikasi established by S&uuml / merbank in Kayseri. It was not only for economic progress but also for social development. It was built in 1935 by Russian architects in a modernist approach in reinforced concrete system for the first time in Kayseri. Factory was not just a production place. It consisted of a lot of social and service buildings and areas. Kayseri as a city of a longstanding history shaped its future with S&uuml / merbank Bez Fabrikasi. S&uuml / merbank is the basis of the city&amp / #8217 / s industry as it is called an industry center today. S&uuml / merbank Bez Fabrikasi was effective in the development of Kayseri and Turkey with its qualified workers, modernization and progress it brought to city. The main aim of this work is to determine the value of Kayseri S&uuml / merbank Bez Fabrikasi penetrated Turkish Republic&amp / #8217 / s and Kayseri&amp / #8217 / s social and economic development, to state decisions for conservation of those values and to provide reintegration to the city.