Tianjin s’est avérée un lieu de rencontres et d’échanges entre les Chinois et les étrangers pendant plus de 150 ans. Face au risque d’effondrement du pays, les pionniers chinois au tournant du XXe siècle ont lancé les premières tentatives de modernisation à Tianjin pour devenir autonomes en termes industriels et techniques et rétablir l’image de la Chine dans l’arène internationale. Aujourd’hui, confrontée à la crise de perte d’identité, la municipalité de Tianjin cherche activement à sauvegarder son patrimoine lié au passé et significatif pour le futur. À travers une étude sur l’électrification de Tianjin et sur la conservation de ses vestiges, cette thèse montre qu’il existe un point commun à ces deux actions à deux époques différentes : l’apprentissage de connaissances modernes auprès de l’Occident et leur appropriation en Chine qui donne la force à cet ancien pays pour rajeunir. Nous allons démontrer que l’électrification de Tianjin était un témoin important de l’autonomie acquise allant du contrôle absolu par les étrangers à la gestion réussie par les Chinois. La mondialisation au XIXe et XXe siècles nous offre un axe pour décrypter les actions des compagnies d’électricité étrangères pour pénétrer le marché chinois. Nous étudierons les conflits entre la technicité de l’électrification – extension du réseau – et le démembrement de la ville pendant la domination des entrepreneurs et administrateurs européens. Nous traiterons ensuite de l’intégration progressive et de la gestion systématique du réseau électrique sous le monopole étatique chinois après la fin de l’impérialisme en Chine. / Tianjin has been such a place where Chinese and the foreigners met each other and exchanged frequently for over 150 years. Facing the risk of a dissembling country, the Chinese pioneers led the modernization at the dawn of the 20th century in order to achieve industrial et technical autonomy and to recover China’s image on the international arena. Today, confronted to the crisis of identity lost, the municipality of Tianjin strives to protect its own heritage, inherited from the past and is significant for the future. Based on a study of the history of electrification and of the conservation of the vestiges, this dissertation shows the common point between these two actions in two periods: to learn modern knowledge from the western world and apply it to China. This application gives China the full energy to rejuvenate. We are going to demonstrate that electrification was an important witness of the Chinese regain of autonomy in the technical perspective. They turned from staying under foreigners’ control to succeeding in its effective management. The globalization in the 19th and 20th centuries appears a path to decipher the actions taken by the foreign electric firms to penetrate the Chinese market. We will study the conflicts between the technical requirement of electricity, which is the network extension, and the separation of the electric service in the city under the domination of European administrators and entrepreneurs. We will further the integration of these separate networks and their systematic management under the state monopoly after imperialism ended in China. The urgent task of industrial brownfields conservation and their transformation into hubs for creative activities raise an issue for us to look into the effectiveness of the legal framework of heritage protection, which was introduced one century ago and has been improved all the time. Based on the politics of Tianjin for heritage, we will explore the possibilities and sound ways of enhancing the value of its old electric network.

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This master’s thesis deals with the conversion of the area of the former textile factory Larisch and Sons in Krnov. The urban design of the area introduces a reinterpretation of the mill race corridor, and creates attractive public spaces connected with the castle area and the historic city center. New functions are proposed in today’s unused historic buildings. The buildings of the former spinning mill and warehouse are converted into administrative and residential premises. The buildings of the former sample room and the production hall house the museum of the textile industry. The architectural solution seeks to preserve the original historical values of the existing buildings and, through the proposed additions, to bring a modern architectural expression to the area that respects the industrial character of the place.

Historical hydroelectric stations are part of an aging industrial heritage that is still extremely relevant today through its form of generating energy. Many stations built in the 20th c. are categorized as architectural heritage, therefore protected against demolition or radical change, thus also a radical expansion that would allow to modernize the station and allow for bigger energy output. Viskafors power station in Borås (Sweden) built in 1917 for the former local textile factory,  is a small-scale power station that is marked as architectural heritage, currently owned by Vattenfall.  The town of Viskafors is one of many factory towns along the river and as the industry went bankrupt in the 1970-ties it has become a suburb to the city of Borås. The only public buildings in Viskafors are schools. The town once defined by the industry is now left with an inaccessible waterfront and plenty of unused and unattainable space.The former factory grounds and the restricted area around the hydroelectric station, railway and regional road block the waterfront.The latest station renovation happened in 2013, leaving the second floor and the lift tower empty. Forming another void in the total space that Viskafors has to offer.Can this void be used as leverage to explore the potential of formerly unattainable space within the station and in connection to the waterfront? Keeping this in mind, this thesis aims to find meaningful ways to inhabit and repurpose formerly unattainable space as it is today; to find methods of organizing complex landscapes; initiate a discussion of new thinking of potential hybrid scenarios for the complexities of our future settlements.Can the future be a link to the past and vice versa?The project space stretches from the street level approaching the building to the rooftop, extends into the empty space of the station's second floor, and continues over the other side of the river. The existing second-floor space dimensions are  33 m x 11m x 5.5 m forming a box space. In theory, a box space this size holds infinite potential as long as it remains empty and has no walls, this project aims to explore the method of placing programmed pavilions/interventions as a space-organizing method of work and extending the approach to the rest of the project site area.The aim is to keep the hydroelectric station running while inhabiting the empty space surrounding it, and learning how to live with it.

Historical hydroelectric stations are part of an aging industrial heritage that is still extremely relevant today through its form of generating energy. Many stations built in the 20th c. are categorized as architectural heritage, therefore protected against demolition or radical change, thus also a radical expansion that would allow to modernize the station and allow for bigger energy output. Viskafors power station in Borås (Sweden) built in 1917 for the former local textile factory,  is a small-scale power station that is marked as architectural heritage, currently owned by Vattenfall.  The town of Viskafors is one of many factory towns along the river and as the industry went bankrupt in the 1970-ties it has become a suburb to the city of Borås. The only public buildings in Viskafors are schools. The town once defined by the industry is now left with an inaccessible waterfront and plenty of unused and unattainable space.The former factory grounds and the restricted area around the hydroelectric station, railway and regional road block the waterfront.The latest station renovation happened in 2013, leaving the second floor and the lift tower empty. Forming another void in the total space that Viskafors has to offer.Can this void be used as leverage to explore the potential of formerly unattainable space within the station and in connection to the waterfront? Keeping this in mind, this thesis aims to find meaningful ways to inhabit and repurpose formerly unattainable space as it is today; to find methods of organizing complex landscapes; initiate a discussion of new thinking of potential hybrid scenarios for the complexities of our future settlements.Can the future be a link to the past and vice versa?The project space stretches from the street level approaching the building to the rooftop, extends into the empty space of the station's second floor, and continues over the other side of the river. The existing second-floor space dimensions are  33 m x 11m x 5.5 m forming a box space. In theory, a box space this size holds infinite potential as long as it remains empty and has no walls, this project aims to explore the method of placing programmed pavilions/interventions as a space-organizing method of work and extending the approach to the rest of the project site area.The aim is to keep the hydroelectric station running while inhabiting the empty space surrounding it, and learning how to live with it.

L’électrification du Sénégal est intervenue assez tôt, en 1889, à Saint-Louis, au moment où les grandes villes européennes n’avaient pas fini de découvrir toutes les possibilités qu’offrait cette grande innovation énergétique. L’industrie de l’électricité est ainsi restée aux mains d’entrepreneurs métropolitains jusqu’à la fin des années 1970. Durant toute cette période, le personnel technique, en charge de son fonctionnement était essentiellement européen. C’est avec le processus de nationalisation du secteur, amorcé en fin 1972, qu’on a posé pour la première fois l’option de la « sénégalisation » des postes techniques, et ainsi du processus de transfert de technologie de l’énergie électrique vers le personnel local. Cette mission a été conduite par Électricité de France, en accord avec l’État du Sénégal. Il a néanmoins fallu presqu’un siècle, de 1889 à 1985, pour que le Sénégal s’approprie la technologie vers 1985. Cette thèse analyse à la fois l’introduction des techniques depuis la colonisation mais également la trajectoire de l’électrification du Sénégal et les outils du transfert de la technologie de l’énergie électrique. Elle évoque en outre la politique patrimoniale et l’enjeu du patrimoine industriel dans un pays non industriel comme le Sénégal. / The electrification of Senegal had already occurred in 1889, in Saint-Louis, at a time when the European cities had yet to discover all the possibilities that this great technological innovation comprised. The industry of electricity thus remained in the hands of metropolitan entrepreneurs until the end of the 1970s. During this period, the technical personnel in charge of its operating were essentially European. It is with the nationalization process launched in the seventies that, for the first time, the term “senegalisation” is coined; and, with it, the process of technology transfers to the local personnel. Electricity de France, in agreement with the State of Senegal, has conducted this task. It nevertheless took close to a century, from 1889 to 1985, for Senegal to fully seize the technology. This thesis analyzes the introduction of techniques since the colonization and both the path of electrification of Senegal, alongside the tools necessary to the transfer of the technology of electrical energy. It further mentions the patrimonial policy, and the stakes of the industrial heritage in a non-industrial country such as Senegal.

A presente pesquisa é um estudo sobre a memória ferroviária na qual buscamos verificar como a memória da ferrovia, especificamente o conjunto ferroviário da Cia. Paulista de Estradas de Ferro em Rio Claro-SP, se reproduz e é ressignificada no contexto urbano atual pelas novas gerações, que tiveram pouco ou nenhum contato com a ferrovia, mas se deparam cotidianamente com os símbolos dessa época. Por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com ex-operários da companhia, jovens e adultos buscamos identificar se esta memória coletiva se mantém na atualidade. Pudemos perceber a permanência de uma identidade ferroviária, tão reforçada no passado, que ainda se perpetua nas novas gerações, mostrando como os vínculos entre a memória e o espaço, memória e grupos, memória e tempo, favorecem a construção das memórias na atualidade e perpassam diferentes gerações que atribuem diferentes significados aos acontecimentos do passado. / This research is a study on the railway memory in which we verify how the memory of the railroad, specifically rail assembly Cia. Paulista Railways at Rio Claro-SP, reproduces and is re-signified in the current urban context by new generations have had little or no contact with the railroad, but are faced daily with the symbols of that era. Through semi-structured individual interviews with former workers of the company, youth and adults we are able to identify what remains from that collective memory today. We realized the permanence of a railway identity, as reinforced in the past, which still perpetuates in the new generations, showing the links between memory and space, memory and groups, memory and time, favor the construction of memories today and crossing different generations who attribute different meanings to the events of the past.

Por meio do estudo da Usina de Itatinga, uma pequena central hidrelétrica centenária situada em Bertioga - SP, esta pesquisa debate o lugar do patrimônio industrial em operação nas políticas preservacionistas brasileira e paulista. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido um registro sistemático das estruturas da usina, bem como um estudo pormenorizado de sua trajetória desde sua construção até os dias de hoje. Essas análises foram elaboradas a partir de pesquisas de fontes primárias e secundárias e de uma série de levantamentos de campo e entrevistas. Tendo esse material como subsídio, foi realizada uma análise do processo de estudo de tombamento da usina em desenvolvimento no CONDEPHAAT, que permitiu a identificação e problematização dos valores que amparam a percepção de Itatinga como patrimônio cultural. Em um segundo momento, a análise foi ampliada e o trabalho se debruçou sobre a salvaguarda de estruturas industriais que mantêm suas operações no âmbito do IPHAN, do CONDEPHAAT e da literatura do campo da preservação do patrimônio industrial. A tese discute, finalmente, os potenciais valores culturais associados a bens industriais em funcionamento, trata da resistência ao tombamento desta tipologia e aponta caminhos para o seu reconhecimento como patrimônio cultural. / Through a study of the Itatinga Power Plant, a small centenary hydroelectric plant located in Bertioga - SP, this research discusses the place of the industrial patrimony in operation in Brazilian and São Paulo preservationist policies. Initially, a systematic record of the plant\'s structures was developed, as well as a detailed study of its trajectory from its construction to the present day. These analyzes were elaborated from primary and secondary source surveys and from a series of field surveys and interviews. With this material as a subsidy, an analysis was made of the process of study of tipping of the plant under development in CONDEPHAAT, which allowed the identification and problematization of the values that support the perception of Itatinga as cultural heritage. In a second moment, the analysis was extended and the work was focused on the safeguarding of industrial structures that maintain their operations within the scope of IPHAN, CONDEPHAAT and the literature of the field of the preservation of industrial patrimony. The thesis finally discusses the potential cultural values associated with industrial goods in operation, deals with the resistance to the overturning of this typology and points out ways to its recognition as cultural patrimony.

A presente pesquisa é um estudo sobre a memória ferroviária na qual buscamos verificar como a memória da ferrovia, especificamente o conjunto ferroviário da Cia. Paulista de Estradas de Ferro em Rio Claro-SP, se reproduz e é ressignificada no contexto urbano atual pelas novas gerações, que tiveram pouco ou nenhum contato com a ferrovia, mas se deparam cotidianamente com os símbolos dessa época. Por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com ex-operários da companhia, jovens e adultos buscamos identificar se esta memória coletiva se mantém na atualidade. Pudemos perceber a permanência de uma identidade ferroviária, tão reforçada no passado, que ainda se perpetua nas novas gerações, mostrando como os vínculos entre a memória e o espaço, memória e grupos, memória e tempo, favorecem a construção das memórias na atualidade e perpassam diferentes gerações que atribuem diferentes significados aos acontecimentos do passado. / This research is a study on the railway memory in which we verify how the memory of the railroad, specifically rail assembly Cia. Paulista Railways at Rio Claro-SP, reproduces and is re-signified in the current urban context by new generations have had little or no contact with the railroad, but are faced daily with the symbols of that era. Through semi-structured individual interviews with former workers of the company, youth and adults we are able to identify what remains from that collective memory today. We realized the permanence of a railway identity, as reinforced in the past, which still perpetuates in the new generations, showing the links between memory and space, memory and groups, memory and time, favor the construction of memories today and crossing different generations who attribute different meanings to the events of the past.

Este trabalho trata do processo de preservação das Indústrias Reunidas Fábricas Matarazzo (IRFM) na Água Branca, capital paulista. Entendendo o patrimônio como um campo de conflitos, identifica as posturas, interesses e ações dos múltiplos agentes envolvidos. Investiga como a forma de reconhecimento deste conjunto industrial como bem cultural engendrou transformações espaciais, especialmente via atuação do mercado imobiliário e implementação da Operação Urbana Consorciada Água Branca. A partir do levantamento sistemático de fontes diversas, constata a formação de coalizões de interesses e de grupos dispostos a defendê-los, em detrimento das ações de preservação. / This dissertation discusses the process of preservation of the Matarazzo Industries (IRFM) in Água Branca, São Paulo. Understanding heritage as a field of conflicts, identifies the positions, interests and actions of the multiple agents involved. It investigates in what way the cultural recognition of this industrial complex led alterations in the area, specially under the real estate market\'s operation and the implementation of the Água Branca Urban Consortium Operation. Analyzing data from several sources, it verifies the formation of interests coalitions and groups willing to defend such interests in detriment of preservations actions.