Shanghai est une ville unique qui a joué un rôle très important dans le mouvement d’urbanisation et d’industrialisation en Chine. Shanghai a toujours été à une intersection multiculturelle. Ses conditions géographiques, financières et de transport a favorisé une dynamique d’investissement et la modernisation industrielle. Dans le même temps, le développement de l'industrie a accéléré l’urbanisation de Shanghai. Dans ce processus, le patrimoine industriel de la ville a contribué à structuré les espaces en livrant des surfaces de revitalisation notamment le long d’une ligne qui longe la rivière Huangpu. Ces différents héritages (surfaces, usines, bâtiments…) ont joué un rôle clé dans l’activité industrielle de Shanghai et son urbanisation contemporaine. La protection et la réutilisation du patrimoine ont toujours été des sujets importants dans le développement urbain et font pleinement partie du renouveau de la ville. A ce titre Shanghai est certainement une ville archétype pour étudier certaines formes de patrimonialisation en Chine.Avec un déclin de certaines industries traditionnelles, les anciens bâtiments et les zones de friches industrielles deviennent une partie inévitable de l'ensemble du processus de re-planification urbaine. Le succès ou l'échec de ces réhabilitations dépend de l'environnement direct lié à l’urbanisme et des orientations du développement économique. Il ne fait aucun doute que le patrimoine « moderne » de Shanghai joue un rôle crucial dans le positionnement urbain de Shanghai. Le potentiel de conversion du patrimoine industriel s’avère d’une exceptionnelle qualité et son étude reste fondamentale quant à la compréhension d’une ville créative.Cette thèse part d’un cadre théorique combiné avec les tendances et le statut de la protection du patrimoine industriel en Chine. Les lois et règlements en vigueur à Shanghai concernant la protection du patrimoine industriel et des bâtiments industriels sont présentés. Les notions de « patrimoine industriel », de « patrimoine bâti industriel » et de « régénération urbaine » sont clairement définies. Le travail analyse six cas concrets de réhabilitation pour appréhender une stratégie d’extraction des valeurs patrimoniales. La protection du patrimoine industriel à Shanghai est évaluée du point de vue de la continuité, de l'intégrité et de l'authenticité. Enfin la thèse aborde les composantes et les modes de protection de la valeur technologique du patrimoine industriel. Il met en évidence la motivation pour combiner le patrimoine industriel et les industries culturelles et créatives au regard de la politique de la ville, du marché et des espaces. Tout cela agit sur le mécanisme de transformation de la valeur patrimoniale.Cette thèse a aussi pour objectif de présenter l'histoire du développement de ces entreprises créatives bien connues à Shanghai, d'analyser les facteurs contribuant à leur transformation. Bien qu'au sens strict du terme, ils n'appartiennent plus vraiment à la catégorie du « patrimoine industriel », ces nouveaux lieux feront-ils l’objet d’une seconde patrimonialisation ? Leur transformation et leur rénovation font également partie de l'histoire et devront être entièrement documentés. Si l'histoire humaine de la civilisation industrielle est un livre épais, la signification de cette étude est d'ajouter plus de contenu à ce livre pour les générations futures. / Shanghai is a unique city that has played an important and surprising role in the development of modern Chinese cities and industries. Shanghai has always stood at a multicultural intersection. Its geographical, financial and transportation conditions provide a favorable environment for modern industrial development. At the same time, the development of modern industry accelerated the modernization of Shanghai's urban development. In this process, Shanghai's modern industrial heritage has formed a mix of lines and surfaces. Surfaces refer to the modern concession area dominated by the old public concession area. Lines refer to the industrial heritage belt running along Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek. This modern heritage played a key role in Shanghai’s transformation and its establishment as a modern industrial center. Shanghai is thus the most typical city for studying modern Chinese industrial sites.Heritage protection and reuse have always been important subjects in urban development and renewal. With the decline of past industrial zones, old industrial sites become an inevitable part of global urban re-planning. Success or failure depends on the urban environment and future economic development. This paper begins with theoretical research combined with industrial heritage protection trends in China and internationally, defines the research scope, and develops the overall research framework. Cases are selected based on historical research and Shanghai's industrial heritage protection and regeneration is examined through case studies. Heritage value and regeneration design strategy are then developed. Specific content includes:Firstly, theoretical research definitions of "industrial heritage", "industrial building heritage" and "urban regeneration" are presented. Shanghai’s historical industrial development is then reviewed and summarized.Secondly, Shanghai's representative industry is presented with its heritage protection and reuse cases. Based on historical research, six typical cases were selected from the different periods of Shanghai industrial development, the distribution characteristics of these industrial sites, and the reuse status.Thirdly, based on case analysis, Shanghai’s existing laws and regulations related industrial heritage and building protection are presented. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai is evaluated from the perspectives of continuity, integrity, and authenticity. Three aspects of Shanghai's industrial heritage are introduced: distribution, quantity, and style. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai and the mode and existing problems of regeneration are then summarized.Fourthly, the components and protection modes of industrial heritage are discussed. This highlights the motivation for combining industrial heritage and cultural and creative industries in terms of policy, markets, space, and culture. Then, from the "creative city" perspective, this thesis interprets the legal system and transformation mechanism of heritage value.Finally, the three main aspects of industrial regeneration design are discussed: global re-planning, building regeneration, and landscape reconstruction.This thesis presents the development of these well-known Shanghai industries to analyze the factors contributing to their transformation and to see if the transformation strategy is appropriate. Although, in the strict sense, they do not yet belong to the "industrial heritage" category, only becoming part of this heritage as time passes. Their transformation and renovation is also historic and should be fully documented. Which policies and measures are correct and which should be revised? This may well be repeatedly reviewed and judged in the future. Some theories in this paper may also need more time to assess and perfect. If the history of industrial civilization is a thick book, the significance of this study is to add more content for future generations.

Industrial society has changed thoroughly during the last half a century. In many Western cities and towns, new patterns of production and consumption entailed that centrally located industrial areas became redundant. The once lively workplace and urban core became silent and abandoned, gradually falling into decay. In recent decades, the former industrial built environment was reinterpreted and reused as apartments, offices, heritage sites, stages for artistic installations and destinations for cultural tourism. Companies and former workers, heritage and planning professionals, as well as artists and urban explorers, were some of the actors involved in the process. The overall aim of the study is to contribute to an understanding of this transformation, and hence it addresses questions about what happened to the industrial places that lost their original function and significance. How were they understood and used? Who engaged in their future? What were the visions and what was achieved? Three former industrial areas are examined from a historic perspective and with a critical hermeneutic approach: Koppardalen in Avesta, Sweden, the Ironbridge Gorge Museum in Britain, and Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord in the Ruhr district of Germany. Included in the results that challenge previous research, the study claims that the key figures were often newcomers to the place, and white-collar professionals, rather than former workers asserting a historic perspective from below on the basis of a crisis experience. In general, the study shows how the redundant industrial place became an arena for visions of the future in a local community, and, furthermore, how it was being turned into a commodity in a complex gentrification process. The place was given new value by being regarded as an expression of the overall phenomenon of reused industrial buildings, and, simultaneously, as a unique and authentic entity. In the conversion of the physical environment, the industrial past became relatively harmless to many people, because the dark and difficult aspects were defused in different ways. Instead, the industrial place was understood in terms of adventure, beauty and spectacle, which included rust from the past as well as hope for the future. / QC 20100910

How can the public sector eff ectively intervene in and govern urban regenerationin historic environments? Th is report examines three cases of historic industrialstructures recently renewed and (partially) preserved in Norrköping, Baltimoreand Milano. In all cases the public sector in the form of national/federal state,county/state/region and municipal level approached regeneration with a spectrumof policies. Th e report studies how public policy has infl uenced generationeff ects in these formerly industrial districts. In Norrköping a redundant papermill was turned into a conference and symphony hall, in Baltimore an old foundryand machine shop was redeveloped into a mixed cooperative hub for arts andcrafts and housing, and lastly, in Milano a former state owned tobacco manufacturingplant is to be reused as a national center for fi lm making. In all threecases the new uses are defi ned as cultural and creative, in one way or the otherusing the industrial heritage of the place. Historic preservation policy clearly hasa role to play in urban regeneration. Th e selection of policy tools depends on thestructure of the public sector, the possibilities of partnerships and local politicaltraditions. Surprisingly, the Swedish case proved to be much more effi cient whenconsidering partnership, showing that the forms of cooperation in the U.S. casewas more instrumental and poorly adapted to local circumstances. Finally, theauthor ponders over the possibility of historic preservation policies to intervenemore actively in order to contribute to urban regeneration. / Hur kan det off entliga gripa in i och styra förnyelsen av historiska stadsdelar ien önskvärd riktning? Den här rapporten studerar hur tre aktuella fall med äldreindustribebyggelse nyligen förnyats i Norrköping, Baltimore respektive Milano.I samtliga fall har den off entliga sektorn i form av stat, län/delstat/region ochkommunnivå närmat sig förnyelsen med hjälp av olika strategier. Med hjälp avnordamerikansk forskning om off entlig förvaltning studerar rapporten hur dessastrategier, s.k. policyverktyg, påverkat förnyelsen och vilka deras respektive förtjänsterär. Gemensamt är också att de tre områdena har getts kulturella funktionerdär platsens historia utnyttjas. De fyra verktyg som studeras här är reglering,anslag, skattesubventioner och off entlig–privat samverkan. Vilka strategier somväljs beror på den nationella förvaltningsstrukturen, vilka möjligheter till samverkanmed andra sektorer som föreligger och på lokala och regionala politiska traditioner.En förvånande slutsats är att det svenska fallet visade sig vara betydligt mereff ektivt i sin samverkan mellan off entlig och privat sektor än det amerikanska,där samarbetsformerna visade sig vara mycket mer instrumentella och svåranpassade.I slutet av rapporter jämför och refl ekterar författaren över kulturmiljövårdensmöjligheter att mer aktivt bidra till ekonomisk och social förnyelse i städer.

<p>In the early 1860s three Swedes, Nils Wilhelm Mitander,Julius Ramsay and Gustaf Wittenström, were engaged by theBritish to build and run charcoal-based ironworks in India.These works, the Burwai Iron Works of the British Government inthe case of Mitander and the privately owned Kumaon Iron Worksin the case of Ramsay and Wittenström, were both to bebased on the most modern European technology. The projects werepioneering in Indian ironmaking. The ambitions were high andstakes big, but after only a few years the projects were closedand the Swedes returned home.<i>Landscapes of Technology Transfer</i>presents a detailedstudy of the Kumaon and Burwai Iron Works, from their firstconception to their final closure. The investigation isbasically empirical and a fundamental question is: Why were theworks never brought into full and continuous production?</p><p>The ironworks projects should be considered as processes oftechnology transfer rather than fully fledged and completedtransfers. In spite of this lack of success, or maybe becauseof it, the history of the ironworks and the Swedes also forms afruitful case to put other questions of wide relevance. Itexposes workings and effects of colonialism and offers anexplanation of the late development of India's iron and steelindustry and analyses of the complex totality forming theprerequisites for a successful transfer of technology. The longtraditions of bloomery ironmaking in India and ismarginalisation is also discussed.</p><p><i>Landscapes of Technology Transfer</i>is a comprehensiveempirical study. From a local and individual perspective ittraces lines of connection across boundaries of time andgeography. The historical landscapes of technology transfer aredescribed in their cultural, social, economic and politicaldimensions and the thesis underlines the importance of a closeacquaintance with local settings and conditions, where historyis manifested in a physical presence. The remains of theironworks and theirlocal landscapes in present-day India areused as a central source for writing their histories. There isalso a strong emphasis on the use of photographs and drawingsas sources.</p><p>The outcome of the projects was the result of the interplaybetween the local and the global, between a diversity ofconcrete factors influencing the construction of the works andtheir running and their colonial character. The studyemphasises the importance of technological systems andnetworks, both on a micro and a macro level. On a local leveldemanding logistics, a sometimes adverse climate, theprocurement of charcoal and iron ore in sufficient quantitiesand the build up of knowledge of ironmaking posed serious butnot insurmountable difficulties. Most obstacles were overcomealready during the first few years of the 1860s, the period ofthe Swedes, but to put the works into full and continuousproduction would have needed perseverance and purposefulefforts to support and protect the iron production, at leastduring an initial period. In the end the position of India as acolonial dependency, subjected to the primacy of Britishinterests, set the limits of the projects.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>History of technology, industrial heritagestudies, industrial archaeology, technology transfer,diffusion, technological systems, landscapes of technology,iron and steel, charcoal iron, direct and indirect ironmaking,bloomeries, 19th century, industrial history,industrialisation, de-industrialisation, underdevelopment,colonialism, India, Sweden, Great Britain, global history,annales.</p>

Les cités ouvrières d'origine minière voient le jour en Algérie dans la seconde moitie du XIXe siècle. Elles sont le fait d'une industrie extractive de fer mise au point par la colonisation pour soutenir le développement industriel sidérurgique en France. Grâce au minerai pur Algérien, Mokta-el-Hadid devient une puissante compagnie minière qui n'hésite pas à réorganiser le marché du fer en France. Le patronat français qui importe en Algérie ses moyens de production, importe par la même occasion ses architectures et ses modes d'habiter. Ce travail de thèse propose une réflexion approfondie sur l'histoire de l'industrie minière coloniale en Algérie et son mode d'établissement urbain. Il évoque les conditions pratiques et idéologiques des modalités d'action du patronat colonial sur les groupes sociaux et leur espace de vie. Les cités ouvrières, construites en Algérie entre 1870 et 1940, répondent à des considérations à la fois économiques, structurées par une morale patronale et coloniales, marquées par un établissement pérenne d'une population ouvrière européenne en Algérie. L'analyse de l'espace urbain de la cité minière de Béni-Saf, dans le nord-ouest algérien, montre une intéressante richesse de typologie de bâti. Sa morphologie urbaine est largement marquée par les articulations entre la reproduction de l'organisation du travail dans la mine, le développement des forces ouvrières et la prégnance de l'idéologie colonialiste. L'urbanisation accélérée de l'ère post-coloniale marque encore plus radicalement cette morphologie par la volumétrie des nouvelles constructions, le mode de vie social et la politique non conservatrice du patrimoine bâti. Il convient donc de s'interroger sur les pratiques et la représentation du patrimoine industriel colonial en Algérie. / Mining company towns emerged in Algeria in the second half of the nineteenth century. They were established by an extractive iron industry developed by colonization to support the development of steel industry in France. Thanks to the Algerian pure iron-ore, Mokta-el-Hadid became a powerful mining company, which did not hesitate to reorganize the iron market in France. French employers imported to Algeria their production means and at the same time their architectures and their ways of inhabiting. This thesis proposes a deep reflection on the history of the colonial mining industry in Algeria and its urban settlement modes. It evokes the ideological and practical conditions of the modes of action of colonial employers on social groups and their living space. The company towns built in Algeria between 1870 and 1940 responded to economic considerations framed by entrepreneurial and colonial morals, marked by the permanent establishment of a European working population in Algeria. Analysis of the urban space of the mining town of Beni-Saf, in northwest Algeria, shows a wealth interesting of constructive typologies. Its urban morphology is largely characterized by the articulation between the reproduction of the working mine organisation, the development of working forces and the pervasiveness of colonialist ideology. The rapid urbanization of the post-colonial time marks more radically this morphology by the volumetry of new buildings, the social lifestyle and the non-conservative policy of historical buildings. It is thus necessary to examine the practices and the representations of colonial industrial heritage in Algeria.

Submitted by Joanilda Santos (joanildauff@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-11T14:48:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joanilda_final pdf docx.pdf: 3488712 bytes, checksum: 3b9b9ae0f5b76f7a7d03fdc3315b75fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2017-11-08T13:09:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Joanilda_final pdf docx.pdf: 3488712 bytes, checksum: 3b9b9ae0f5b76f7a7d03fdc3315b75fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-10T18:24:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joanilda_final pdf docx.pdf: 3488712 bytes, checksum: 3b9b9ae0f5b76f7a7d03fdc3315b75fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-11 / The present case study aimed to investigate the process of reconversion of the buildings of a textile factory, Brasil Industrial, in the municipality of Paracambi, in an educational environment - the Fábrica do Conhecimento ('Factory of Knowledge'). It describes and analyzes how this change happened, who are the social actors of the process and if there are reflections and actions in the sense of preserving the factory and worker memory of the city of Paracambi; and if the elements of the city's industrial patrimony are being preserved in accordance with the guidelines of the tipping process of the State Institute of Cultural Patrimony (INEPAC). From the theoretical foundation, analysis of the documentation of the process of tipping and reconversion, and the semi-structured interviews with the managers of the institutions that manage the space, we sought to understand how these issues are handled. The results of the study indicate that there is an ignorance of the process of tipping, and consequently, there are no actions for the preservation of the city's factory memory. The lack of communication between the actors of the reconversion, between the municipal public power, that is the manager of the space, and the INEPAC potentiate the problem; there are internal disputes over the spaces and there is no practical action by the institutions in the sense of patrimonialization of the cultural good / O presente estudo de caso propôs-se a investigar o processo de reconversão das edificações de uma fábrica de tecidos, a Brasil Industrial, no município de Paracambi, em ambiente educacional – a Fábrica do Conhecimento. Descreve e analisa como ocorreu esta mudança, quem são os atores sociais do processo e se há reflexões e ações no sentido de preservar a memória fabril e operária da cidade de Paracambi; e se os elementos do patrimônio industrial da cidade estão sendo preservados de acordo com as orientações do processo de tombamento do Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio Cultural (INEPAC). A partir da fundamentação teórica, análise da documentação do processo de tombamento e de reconversão, e das entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores das instituições que fazem a gestão do espaço, procurou-se entender como são tratadas tais questões. Os resultados do estudo apontam que há um desconhecimento do processo de tombamento, e, consequentemente, não há ações para a preservação da memória fabril da cidade. A falta de comunicação entre os atores da reconversão, entre o poder público municipal, que é o gestor do espaço, e o INEPAC potencializa o problema; há disputas internas pelos espaços e não existem por parte das instituições, ações práticas no sentido de patrimonialização do bem cultural

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chanaisa_Melo_Dissertacao.pdf: 7394883 bytes, checksum: 39303ca5d26ed818cd0058af3311e862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-13 / Laneira Brasileira Sociedade Anônima, located at the district of Fragata in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was an important factory for the Pelotas' community. For more than 50 years it helped the social and economical development of the city through activities focused in wool production and commercialization. In 2003 the factory terminated its activities due to bankruptcy. In the year of 2010 Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Federal University of Pelotas, bought the Laneira's building to install some branches of the University and to create a memorial of the extinct factory. Inside of the building a variety of artifacts, like photographs, were found which can lead to new interpretations of the factory's path. This study will discuss photography as historical documents to the industrial heritage, in the Laneira Brasileira S. A.'s case, evidencing systematic methodologies which can bring information about the manufacturing of this company. It is believed that the organization of the Laneira's photographic collection is fundamental to understanding its history while the factory was in full operation. This organization contributes to the creation of the memorial related to this patrimonial heritage of Pelotas / A Laneira Brasileira Sociedade Anônima, localizada no Bairro Fragata, em Pelotas/RS, foi uma importante indústria para a comunidade pelotense, ajudando no desenvolvimento econômico e social da cidade, por meio das atividades voltadas para produção e comercialização de lã, durante mais de cinquenta anos. Devido à falência, a Laneira encerrou seu processo de beneficiamento da lã em 2003. No ano de 2010, foi adquirida pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas para a instalação de novas unidades da instituição, bem como a constituição de um memorial sobre a extinta indústria. De seu espaço foram resgatados inúmeros artefatos materiais, os quais levam a imaginar e a reinterpretar a trajetória desse local, como as fotografias. O presente trabalho objetiva discutir as possibilidades da fotografia como suporte para o patrimônio industrial, no caso do Memorial da Laneira Brasileira S. A., evidenciando metodologias de sistematização que possibilitem trazer informações a respeito do trabalho fabril dessa indústria. Acredita-se que as ações efetivadas para a organização do acervo fotográfico da Laneira sejam fundamentais para a compreensão de sua história no período de seu funcionamento, contribuindo para a criação do memorial referente a esse patrimônio industrial pelotense

A pesquisa apresenta estudo de gestão de museu com ênfase na subárea da comunicação e público, a luz de teóricos do campo da museologia, da administração e da educação, com estudo de caso do Museu do Trem de São Leopoldo, entre 2009 a 2012. Apresentando um panorama geral dos museus ferroviários no Brasil, com um relato histórico das iniciativas de criação destes museus, com dados da atuação do PRESERVE/PRESERFE remontados através de entrevistas, além da discussão em torno dos mecanismos de proteção do patrimônio industrial ferroviário. Neste contexto também são mapeadas as instituições museais ferroviárias no Rio Grande do Sul, apresentando a trajetória histórica e cronológica do Museu do Trem de São Leopoldo, desde a criação na década de 1970, o restauro da antiga Estação, as dificuldades com a extinção da RFFSA, as subsequentes reinaugurações até o ano de 2012. A investigação passa por análise quantitativa e qualitativa de aspectos da realidade empírica, encerrando com a reflexão sobre as contribuições desta experiência para a prática da gestão em museus, comunicação e público. / The research presents museum management studies with an emphasis on communication and the public subarea, considering theoreticians in the museology, administration and education fields, with the case study of São Leopoldo\'s Train Museum from 2009 to 2012. Presenting an overview of the railway museums in Brazil, with a historical account of the creation of such museums, with data from the performance of the PRESERVE/PRESERFE reassembled through interviews, in addition to the discussion of the protection mechanisms of the railway industrial heritage. In this context, the railway museum institutions are also mapped in Rio Grande do Sul, presenting the historical and chronological trajectory of the São Leopoldo\'s Train Museum, since the creation in the 1970s, restoration of the old station, the difficulties with the extinction of RFFSA, the subsequent reopening until the year 2012. The research involves quantitative and qualitative analysis of aspects of empirical reality, ending with a reflection on the contribution of this experience to the practice of management in museums, communication and public.

The thesis "Economic utilization of industrial structures with focus on railway stations" analyses all possibilities of sustainable use of industrial buildings with a focus on specific example of the Ţiţkov freight station. Based on the general characteristics of both industrial heritage and brownfields are defined steps which are necessary for the protection of valuable locations without present use. The whole process is described in the context of positive and negative externalities. The most important problem is financing the revitalization of problematic objects. The practical part of the thesis describes the previous issues connected to the Ţiţkov freight station including major studies of its potential utilization.

In the early 1860s three Swedes, Nils Wilhelm Mitander,Julius Ramsay and Gustaf Wittenström, were engaged by theBritish to build and run charcoal-based ironworks in India.These works, the Burwai Iron Works of the British Government inthe case of Mitander and the privately owned Kumaon Iron Worksin the case of Ramsay and Wittenström, were both to bebased on the most modern European technology. The projects werepioneering in Indian ironmaking. The ambitions were high andstakes big, but after only a few years the projects were closedand the Swedes returned home.Landscapes of Technology Transferpresents a detailedstudy of the Kumaon and Burwai Iron Works, from their firstconception to their final closure. The investigation isbasically empirical and a fundamental question is: Why were theworks never brought into full and continuous production? The ironworks projects should be considered as processes oftechnology transfer rather than fully fledged and completedtransfers. In spite of this lack of success, or maybe becauseof it, the history of the ironworks and the Swedes also forms afruitful case to put other questions of wide relevance. Itexposes workings and effects of colonialism and offers anexplanation of the late development of India's iron and steelindustry and analyses of the complex totality forming theprerequisites for a successful transfer of technology. The longtraditions of bloomery ironmaking in India and ismarginalisation is also discussed. Landscapes of Technology Transferis a comprehensiveempirical study. From a local and individual perspective ittraces lines of connection across boundaries of time andgeography. The historical landscapes of technology transfer aredescribed in their cultural, social, economic and politicaldimensions and the thesis underlines the importance of a closeacquaintance with local settings and conditions, where historyis manifested in a physical presence. The remains of theironworks and theirlocal landscapes in present-day India areused as a central source for writing their histories. There isalso a strong emphasis on the use of photographs and drawingsas sources. The outcome of the projects was the result of the interplaybetween the local and the global, between a diversity ofconcrete factors influencing the construction of the works andtheir running and their colonial character. The studyemphasises the importance of technological systems andnetworks, both on a micro and a macro level. On a local leveldemanding logistics, a sometimes adverse climate, theprocurement of charcoal and iron ore in sufficient quantitiesand the build up of knowledge of ironmaking posed serious butnot insurmountable difficulties. Most obstacles were overcomealready during the first few years of the 1860s, the period ofthe Swedes, but to put the works into full and continuousproduction would have needed perseverance and purposefulefforts to support and protect the iron production, at leastduring an initial period. In the end the position of India as acolonial dependency, subjected to the primacy of Britishinterests, set the limits of the projects. Key words:History of technology, industrial heritagestudies, industrial archaeology, technology transfer,diffusion, technological systems, landscapes of technology,iron and steel, charcoal iron, direct and indirect ironmaking,bloomeries, 19th century, industrial history,industrialisation, de-industrialisation, underdevelopment,colonialism, India, Sweden, Great Britain, global history,annales. / <p>Qc 20170119</p>